Satellite Images Suggest New Tunnels Near Iranian Nuclear Plant 
By Reuters
July 10, 2007
The New York Times
Original Source: http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/10/world/middleeast/10iran.html
WASHINGTON, July 9 (Reuters) — Commercial satellite imagery shows Iran is building a new tunnel complex inside a mountain near a major nuclear site — a possible attempt to protect sensitive uranium enrichment activity from aerial attack, nuclear analysts said Monday.
The pictures taken on June 11 were obtained from DigitalGlobe, a commercial satellite imagery firm, by the Institute for Science and International Security, whose president is David Albright, a physicist and former United Nations weapons inspector in Iraq.
“The construction activity is taking place in the closest mountainous area to the Natanz site, strongly suggesting that the site is affiliated with Natanz,” said a written analysis by Mr. Albright and a colleague, Paul Brannan. 
The Natanz complex, in the central part of the country, is Iran’s most ambitious nuclear plant, and the one that has caused the most outside concern. Uranium is being enriched there in defiance of United Nations Security Council demands for Iran to halt the process and two sets of limited sanctions.
Enrichment can produce nuclear energy, which Iran insists is its purpose in developing a nuclear program. But it can also produce fuel for nuclear weapons, which the United States and some other nations say is Iran’s goal.
The researchers said the construction is new and was not evident in images taken in January by DigitalGlobe.
Tunnel entrances are not visible in the satellite photos, but two roads under construction can clearly be seen going up the mountain, with one appearing to lead into a tunnel facility, the analysis said.
The researchers noted that Iran had earlier built a tunnel complex near the Isfahan uranium conversion plant to protect a range of nuclear-related equipment and materials and natural uranium hexafluoride.
“Iran may be constructing a similar facility near Natanz, fearing that the underground halls at Natanz are vulnerable to destruction by military attack,” the researchers said.
“A tunnel facility inside a mountain would offer excellent protection from an aerial attack,” the researchers added.
They also said that the mountain site could be for the direct defense of Natanz, possibly with antiaircraft batteries or other weapons.
American officials say that they remain committed to a diplomatic solution to the nuclear dispute with Iran, but President Bush has repeatedly made it clear that all options, including a military response, are open.
Other nuclear experts played down the construction.
“It is something that the I.A.E.A. wants to clarify, but it does not mean it is related to the nuclear issue just because it is close to Natanz,” said a diplomat close to the International Atomic Energy Agency, the United Nations’ nuclear monitoring agency.
Asked if the apparent tunnel construction would be on the agenda during an I.A.E.A. visit to Iran later this week, the diplomat said, “It is not the main objective, but it is something that might come up.”
A senior United Nations official familiar with I.A.E.A. operations in Iran said, “The excavations have been there for a while.” Another United Nations official said, “It’s not a big issue.”
Sean McCormack, the State Department spokesman, refused to comment on the tunnel report, saying he would not discuss intelligence matters.