REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON THE EXERCISE OF THE INALIENABLE RIGHTS OF THE PALESTINIAN PEOPLE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OFFICIAL RECORDS: THIRTY- SIXTH SESSION SUPP.LEMENT No. 35 (A/36/35) UNITED NATIONS - New York, 19l:S1 . . NOTE Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with figures. Mention of such a symbol indicates a reference to a United Nations document [Original: English/French] [16 OCtober 1981] CONTENTS Paragraphs Letter of transmittal · I. iv 1- 4 · · · · · · .· · e _ · INTRODUCTION MANDATE OF THE COMMITTEE ORGANIZATION OF WORK A. B. 1 I I. IIl. 5 2 6 ~ 10 3 3 Election of officers Participation in the work of the COmmittee Re'-establishment of the Working Group (Task Force) 6- 7 8- 9 10 11 - 48 3 3 C. IV. ACTION TAKEN BY THE COMMITTEE · · · A. B. 5 Action taken in accordance with paragraphs 2 and 3 of General Assembly resolution 35/169 C ···· Action taken in accordance with paragraph 2 of General Assembly resolution ES-7/3 Action taken in accordance with paragraph 2 of General Assembly resolution 35/169 D 11 - 36 5 37 - 38 39 - 48 49 - 53 12 C. 12 V. RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE COMMITTEE ANNEXES 15 1. Recommendations of the COmmittee endorsed by the General Assembly at its thirty-first session · · · · · · · · · · · · " · · · ·· Report of the Third United Nations Seminar on the Question of Palestine, held at Colombo from 10 to 14 August 1981 · · · · · Report of the Fourth United Nations Seminar on the Question of Palestine, held at Havana from 31 August to 4 September 1981 17 20 II. Ill. 26 -iii- LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL 15 September 1981 Sir, I have the honour to· enclose herewith the report of the Oommlttee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian PeoPle for submission to the General Assembly in accordance with paragraph 3 of resolution 35/169 C. Accept, Sir, the assurances of my highest consideration. , (Signed) Massamba SARRE Chairman of the Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People His Excellency Mr. Kurt Waldheim Secretar~-General of the United Nations -iv- I. INTRODUCTION 1. The Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People, originally composed of 20 members and l.ater enlarged to 23, !I was established by the General Assembly in resolution 3376 .(XXX) on 10 November 1975. Its first report, £I submitted to the General Assembly at its thirty-first session, contained the recommendations of the Committee designed to enable the Palestinian people to exercise its inalienable rights as· recognized and defined by the General Assembly. 2. The Committee's recommendations were first endorsed by the General Assembly at its thirty-first session as a basis for the solution of the question of Palestine. 3. In its subsequent reports to the General Assembly at its thirty-second, ~ thirty-third, Y thirty-fourth if and thirty-fifth §/ sessions, the Committee retained its recommendations unchanged, and on each occasion they were again endorsed by the General Assembly which reviewed and renewed the mandate of the Committee after thorough consideraFion of its report. 4. Despite repeated urgings by tAe Co~ittee, its recommendations have not yet been acted upon by the Security Council, nor have they been implemented. The situation in the occupied territories arising from Israeli practices. remains extremely tense with frequent eruptions of violence and armed conflict. The Committee consequently recommended, in terms of its mandate, the convening of an emergency special session of the General Assembly to consider the matter. This was held from 22 to 29 July 1980. By 112 votes to 7, with 24 abstentions, the General Assembly, at its' seventh emergency special session, requested and authorized the Secretaqr-General, in consultation, as appropriate, with the Committee, to take the necessary measures towards the implementation of the recommendations as a basis for the solution of the question of Palestine (resolution ES-7/2 of 29 July 1980). Y The Committee is composed of the following members: Afghanistan, Cuba, Cyprus, German Democratic Republic, Guinea, Guyana, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Lao People's Democratic RepUblic, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Nigeria, Pakistan, Romania, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukrainian Soviet SOcialist Republic and Yugoslavia. 1I Official Records of the General Assembly, ThirtY-first Session, Supplement No. 35 (A/3l/35). ~ !2!!!., ~., Thirty-second Session, Supplement No. 35 (A/32/35). Thirty-third Session, Supplement No. 35 (A/33/35 and Corr.l). Thirty-fourth Session, SUpplement No. 35 (A/34/3S and Corr.l). Thirty-fifth Session, SUpplement No. 35 (A/35/35). Y §! §.! ~., ~., -1- II· MANDATE OF THE COMMITTEE 5. The present mandate of the Committee was specified in paragraphs 2 and 3 of General Assembly resolution 35/169 C, paragraph 2 of resolution 35/169 D and paragraph 2 of resolution ES-7/3. By those paragraphs the General Assembly: (a) Requested the Committee to keep the situation relating to the question of Palestine under review and to report and make suggestions to the General Assembly or to the Security COuqcil as may be appropriate, (b) Authorized the Committee to continue to exert all efforts to promote the implementation of its recommendations, to send delegations or representatives to international conferences where such representation would be considered by it to be appropriate and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its thirty-sixth session and thereafter, (0) Requested the Secretary-General to ensure that the Special Unit would, in consultation with the COmmittee, continue to discharge the tasks detailed in paragraph 1 of General Assembly resolution 32/40 B and paragraph 2 (b) of resolqtion 34/65 D, (d) Requested the COmmittee to study thoroughly the reasons for the refusal of Israel to comply with the relevant United Nations resolutions, particularly resolution 31/20 of 24 November 1976, in which the General Assembly endorsed the recommendations of the COmmittee and the numerous resolutions demanding the withdrawal of Israel from the occupied Palestinian and other Arab territories, including Jerusalem, and to submit the study to the "Assembly. -2- III · ORGANIZATION OF WORK A. Election of officers 6. From January to April 1981 the COmmittee retained ~ts bureau from 1980 on a provisional basis until the new officers were elected. 7. At its 65th meeting, on 4 May 1981, the committee elected the following officers: , Mr. Massamba SARRE (Senegal) Chairman: Vice-Chairmen: Rapporteur: B. Mr. Raul ROA-KOURI (Cuba) Mr. Farid ZARIF (Afghanistan) Mr. Victor J. GAOCI (Malta) participatiol~ in the work of the Committee 8. The Committee reconfirmed that those States Members of the :'Jnited Nations and Permanent Observers to the United Nations which wished to participate in the work of the COmmittee as observers could do so, and it again welcomed in that' capacity Algeria, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Mauritania, the syrian Arab Republic, Viet Nam, the League of Arab States, the Organization of the Islamic Conference and the Palestine Liberation ~rganization, which continued in 1981 to participate in the work of the COmmittee. 9. In order to encourage the contribution of all sectors of opinion to its work, the Committee authorized the Chairman, as it had done in 1976 and 1977, to request the SecretarY-General again to invite all States Members of the United Nations, members of the specialized agencies and regional intergovernmental organizations which were not already participating in the work of the Committee, to do SQ if they so wished, either as observers or by oral or written communication of any suggestions and proposals which they considered useful to b~~ work of the Committee. This invitation was to be brought to the particular attention of all those States directly interested id the Middle East situation and ~e members of the Security Council, especially its permanent members. At their ,request, Morocco and the United Arab Emirates also participated in the work of the:Committee as observers from 10 July 1981. I C. Re-establishment of the working Group (Task Force) 10. The Committee once again unanimously decided that the working Group (Task Force) which it had established in 1977 should continue to function in order to facilitate the work of the Committee by: (a) keeping up to date with events which affect the work of the COmmittee and suggesting action which the Committee could -3- usefully undertake, and (b) assisting the Committee in any other specific assignment related to its wor.k. The following were reappointed members of the WOrking Group: Malta (Chairman), Afghanistan, Cuba, Guinea, Guyana, India, senegal, TUnisia and, as representatives of the people directly concerned, the Palestine Liberation Organization. In addition, the German Democratic Republic continued to serve on the Working Group during the period of its term of membership of the Security Council. -4- IV. A. 1. ACTION TAKEN BY THE COMMITTEE Action taken in accordance with paragraphs 2 and 3 of General Assembly reiolution 35/169 C Reaction to developments in the occupied territories 11. The committee closely followed developments in the occupied territories and 00 several occasions authorized its Chairman to communicate to the Secretary-General and to the President of the Security Council its concern at the Israeli Government's practices and policies in those territories. 12. on every occasion in which the Government of Israel" took any action which, in the opinion of the Committee, was in violation of international law and General Assembly and security Council resolutions, such actions were invariably brought to the attention of the Secretary-General and the" President of the Security COuncil. These letters dealt with illegal Israeli settlements in the occupied territories, the expropriation by the Israeli authorities of vast areas of Arab-owned land, and other violations of the rights of the Palestinian people. 13. The COmmittee regretted that the COmmission established by the Security Council under resolution 446 (1979) to examine the situation relating to settlements in the Arab territories occupied since 1967, including Jerusalem, had not been active during the year and expressed the hope that it would be duly reconstituted in order to enable it to continue the important work it had done in the past two years, always with the fullest co-operation of the Committee. 14. The Chairman drew the attention of the secretary-General and the President of the Security Council to the latest developments in the case of the Mayors of Hebron and Halhoul and the Sharia Judge of Hebron who were arbitrarily expelled by the Israeli military authorities from their respective cities, and requested that these eminent, elected leaders be permitted to return to their cities and to participate in the appeal of their cases. This letter, dated 29 September 1980, was circulated as document A/35/513-S/l4209. 15. On behalf of the COmmittee, the Chairman subsequently again expressed his gravest concern at the further defiance by Israel of international opinion and of resolutions 468 (1980) and 469 (1980) of the Security Council concerning the case of the Mayors of Hebron and Halhoul. He noted that it behoved th~" international community to protest strongly against these illegal actions by the Israeli authorities and to insist that the Mayors should be permitted to return to their homes and families. The Chairman reiterated the Committee's position on this case in the strongest terms on 9 December 1980. The first letter dated 24 OCtober 1980 was circulated as document A/35/565-S/l4235, the second was circulated as document A/35/740-S/14292. -s- i 16. The Chairman, on behalf of the Committee, conveyed the Committee's grave concern at those steps by Israel which were undoubtedly aimed at strengthening its annexation of the occupied Palestinian territories in flagrant violation of international law, world public opinion and General Assembly and Security Council resolutions. The Chairman also stressed that further urgent action needed to be taken by the united Nations, and in particular by the Security Council, to call the attention of Israel to the danger inherent in such policies of annexation and the overdue necessity, for its immediate and complete withdrawal from the illegally occupied territories. This letter dated 27 February 1981 was circulated as document A!36/ll4-S/l4389. 17. The Chairman also conveyed to the Secretary-General and the President of the Security Council, a.copy of a document by Mattityahu Drobles, of the World zionist Organization, dated September 1980 and entitled "Settlement in Judea and Samaria Strategy, policy and plans". He pointed out that according to reliable information, ~~e report had been adopted by the Government of Israel in January 1981. Perusal of the document, he added, left no doubt of Israel's intention to annex the Arab territories it had illegally occupied, and that the "autonomy" that Israel envisages for those occupied territories would not apply to the territories but only to the "Arab population thereof". The Chairman stressed that the report spoke of lands being seized right away for the purpose of establishing settlements and cutting off the Arab population in order to make it difficult for it to form a territorial and political continuity. He also noted that plans appeared to be in hand to establish 12 to 15 additional settlements per annum over the next five years, with an intended increase of the Jewish population by 120,000 to 150,000. This letter dated 19 June 1981 was circulated as document A/36/34l-S/l4566. 18. The report on the Israeli Government's announced intention of building a canal across the Gaza strip linking the Dead sea to the Mediterranean was of particular concern to the Committee. The Chairman, on behaif of the Committee, stressed that the project, fraught with consequences for the future and the status of the Gaza strip, constituted a violation of United Nations resolutions and a challenge to world public opinion. He also added that, on this occasion, Israel did not even claim the pf~text as it had often done in the past, that it was undertaking the project for reasons of security. This letter dated 7 April 1981 was circulated as document A/36/177-S/14430. . 19. By letter dated 8 May 1981, the Chairman also conveyed the serious concern of the Committee at the situation created by the act~of aggression co~itted by Israel in Lebanon. The attacks perpetrated on several occassions by Israel against Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon had caused the death of several Palestinian civilians. He added that it was vital to draw the attention of Israel to the dangers involved in the acts committed against the Palestinian people in Lebanon. This letter was circulated as document A/36/237-S/l4477. SUbsequent events led to the sending of a delegation to Beirut by·,the Committee whic;:h determined the extent of the damage and loss of life in the Lebanon. This is reflected in the delegation's report. -6- 20. The Israeli ban on the channeling of Arab funds directed for assistance to Palestinians in the occupied Palestinian territories through the Joint Committee for the OCcupied Territories in Amman was of particular concern to the Committee. The Acting Chairman consequently conveyed the Committee's serious concern and strong protest. This letter dated 24 August 1981 was circulated as document A/36/449-S/14641. 21. On 17 September 1981, at the request of the Committee, the Chairman conveyed to the Secretary-General and to the President of the Security Council the Committee's gravest concern at Israel's continuing excavation of a tunnel under the AI-Haram Al-Sharif which endangered historic Islamic buildings and had been the cause of clashes between Arabs and Jews in Jerusalem. He also conveyed the Committee's strong feeling that urgent action should be taken to impress on Israel the dangers inherent in the cause it was following without due regard for Arab religious sensitivities. The letter was circulated as document A/36/519-S/14695. 22. In, response to the invitation of Mr. Yasser Arafat, Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Palestine Liberation Organization, a delegation of the Committee visited Lebanon from 24 to 26 August 1981 to see at first hand the extent of the damange done by the Israeli air and sea attacks in the month of July 1981. The delegation noted that the damage caused was, as far as could be seen, confined to civilian targets and appeared to be aimed at terrorizing the civilian population and destroying its morale with little heed paid by Israel to the high cost in human lives in attemptimg to achieve this aim. 23. The delegation was received by Mr. Yasser Arafat who stressed that the Palestine Liberation Organization had the fullest confidence in the United Nations and wished to achieve its objectives within its framework. He also expressed appreciation for the work of the Committee and stressed the need for the Committee's assistance in finding a peaceful solution within the United Nations framework. The report of the delegation was circulated as document A/36/521-S/14698. 24. The Committee noted that a delegation of non-aligned Member States had also visited Lebanon at the invitation of Mr. Yasser Arafat and had arrived at conclusions similar to those of the Committee's delegation. 25. At the invitation of the SOviet Committee of Solidarity with the Countries of Asia and Africa, a delegation of the Committee visited the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics from 3 to 7 August 1981. The opportunity was taken to discuss with the SOviet Committee of Solidarity ways and means of increasing co-operation in the field of dissemination of information on the Question of Palestine. 2. Review of events relating to the Middle East 26. In reviewing events which have taken place on the Middle East question, the Committee deems it necessary to stress again that the participation of the Pa~estine Liberation Organization, the representative of the Palestinian people, is indispensible to a comprehensive, just and lasting settlement of the Question of Palestine which is at the heart of the Middle East conflict. The Committee recalled that in General Assembly resolution 34/65 B the General Assembly had noted wit~ concern that the Camp David Accords had been concluded outside the framework -7- of the United Nations and without the participation of the Palestine Liberation Organization. Both that resolution and General Assembly resolution 35/169 B had rejected and declared invalid those provisions of the Accords which ignored, infringed, violated or denied the inalienable rights of the Palestinian people, including the right of return, the right of self-determination and the right of national independence and sovereignty in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, and which envisaged and condoned continued Israeli occupation of the Palestinian territories occupied by Israel since 1967. 27. The Committee noted that in spite of .this strong opposition, attempts we,re still being made to proceed with negotiations which disregard, infringe, violate or deny the inalienable rights of the Palestinians and hence go against the provisions safeguarding the ri9ht~ of the Palestinian people. The Committee continues to entertain the gravest concern at the action of the Israeli authorities in the occupied Arab territories in violation of the Fourth Geneva Convention of 1949, international law and practice, and General Assembly and Security Council resolutions. Among these act~ons were Israel's legislation affecting the status of Jerusalem, the establishment of new settlements, the enlargement of previously established settlements, the Mediterranean-Dead Sea Canal project passing through the occupied Gaza strip and the exc~vations of tunnels in Jerusalem which endanger historic Islamic buildings. The Committee recommends that effective steps should now be taken to put an end to these aggressive acts by Israel which give rise to an escalation of tensions in the region. 28. 29. The Committee recalls that, particularly on the status of Jerusalem and on the establishment of' settlements in the occupied territories, the views of the international community have been quasi-unanimous, and that the ne~ action taken by Israel represent a provocative escalation of tension. 30. Similarly, the Committee regards as another provocative violation of the decision of the Security Council, the expulsion of the mayors of Halhoul and Al-Khalil from the occupied Arab territories and the continued refusal by Israel to permit them to return to their homes and families to carry out the functions to which they had been duly elected. 31. The Committee noted with appreciation and was encouraged by the ren~wed interest being taken by the countries of the Buropean Economic Community in their search for a just solution for the situation in the Middle East and for the restoracion of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian people. 32. The Committee also noted with satisfaction the declaration by L. I. Brezhnev, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet and General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, which contained a proposal to go back to honest collective search of an all-embracing just and realistic settlement in the Middle East. This could be done in the framework of a specially convened international conference with the participation of all interested parties, naturally including the Palestine Liberation Organiz~tion. -8- "~ 3. Attendance at conferences 33. In accordance with paragraph 3 of General Assembly resolution 35/169 C, which, inter alia, authorized the COmmittee to send del~gations or representatives to international conferences where such represent~tion would be considered appropriate, the COmmittee accepted several invitations in 1981. 34. The COmmittee was represented at thel Third Islamic Summit COnference in Mecca-Taif, Saudi Arabia from 25 to 28 ~~nuary 1981, at the COnference of Ministers for Fbreign Affairs of the Non-Aligned C,untries in New Delhi from 9 to 13 February 1981, at the meeting of the Pale~tine National COuncil in Damascus· from 11 to 15 April 1981, at the International COnference on Sanctions against South Africa in Paris from 20 to 27 May 1981, at the Twelfth Islamic COnference of Ministers for Fbreign Affairs, held in Baghdad from 1 to 6 June 1981, and at the thirty-sixth session of the COuncil of Ministers and eighteenth summit COnference of the Organization of African Unity, held in Nairobi from 15 to 28 June 1981. 35. on each of those occasions representatives of the COmmittee took the opportunity to make known the work of the COmmittee and its recommendations and to discuss ways and means of promoting the implementation of those recommendations. There was conclusive evidence of considerable understanding of, and sympathy for, the problems of the Palestinian people as well as of interest in the work of the COmmittee and United Nations action on the question. 4. Action taken by other organizations 36. The Committee followed with the greatest interest action taken during the year by other organizations on questions relevant to the work of the COmmittee. Such action included, (a) The Eleventh Arab Summit COnference held at Amman, Jordan, from 25 to 27 November 1980, which reiterated its stand on the Palestinian question and reaffirmed its support of PLO as the sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people for the purpose of the restitution of all its rights inclUding the right to self-determination and the establishment of an independent state on its own territoy. The Conference reasserted the right of the Palestinian Arab people, as represented by PLO, to return to its land and to determine its own destiny and pointed out that it was PLO which alone had the right to take upon itself the responsibility for the future of the Palestinian people. The COnference emphasized that Security Council resolution 242 (1967) did not constitute an appropriate basis for a solution·to the Middle East crisis and particularly the Palestine question. It also reaffirmed its rejection of the camp David Accords. The COnference emphasized that the liberation of Arab Jerusalem was a national duty and a national obligation, proclaimed the rejection of all measures taken by Israel q requested all nations of the world to adopt clear and defined positions in opposition to the Israeli measures and resolved to break off all relations with any country recognizing Jerusalem as the capital of Israel or transferring its embassy there. The Final Declaration of the Eleventh Arab Summit was circulated as document A!35/719-S/14289. (b) The Third Islamic COnference Summit held at Mecca-Taif, Saudi Arabia, from 25 to 28 January 1981, which adopted a resolution entitled -The Islamic -9- programme of action against the zionist enemy" and another entitled "The cause of Palestine and the Middle East". In those resolutions the Islamic Conference reaffirmed its stand on the question and its strong s~pport of the Palestinian people led by the Palestine Liberation Organization, its sole legitimate representative. The resolutions rejected any situation that would prejudice Arab sovereignty over Jerusalem, categorically rejected the Camp David Accords and refused to recognize separate and partial solutions to the Palestinian question. The resolutions also invited the General Assembly of the united Nations to reject the credentials of the Israeli delegation to the United Nations, as representative of a Government that declares Jerusalem its capital, and invited the General Assembly to freeze the membership of Israel in view of its failure to implement relevant United Nations reSOlutions. These resolutions are reproduced in document A/36/l38. (c) The Conference of Ministers for Foreign Affairs of the Non-Aligned countries held in New Delhi from 9 to 13 February 1981, which reaffirmed its stand on the question of Palestine in the New Delhi Declaration, adopted a resolution which is reproduced in document A/36/l16. -------// (d) The Commission on Human Rights which, at its thirty-seventh session held from 2 February to 13 March 1981, adopted resolutions condemning (i) Israeli policies and practices in Palestine and other Arab occupied territories intended to annex parts of the occupied territories, (ii) the establishment of Israeli settlements therein and the transfer of an alien population thereto, (ili) the arming of settlers in the occupied territories to commit acts of violence against Arab civilians, and (iv) the evacuation, deportation, expulsion, displacement and transfer of Arab inhabitants of the occupied territories, and the d~nial of their right to return. The Commission also condemned the destruction and demolition of Arab houses, mass arrests, collective punishment, administrative 'detention and ill-treatment of the Arab population, the pillaging of archaeologiqal and cultural property, the interference with religious freedom and practices, the systematic Israeli campaign of repression,against universities in the occupied Palestinian territories and the illegal exploitation of the natural wealth, resources an~ population of the occupied territories. The Commission furthermore expressed its· deep, concern at the consequences of Israel's systematic refusal to apply to Palestinian and other Arab territories occupied by Israel since 1967, including Jerusalem the Geneva Conventio~ of 12 August 1949 relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons -in Time of War 1/ in all its provisions. These resolutions are reproduced in document A/36/344-S/14567. (e) The Afro-Asian PeOple's Soli~arity Organization, which at its Thirteenth Council Session in Aden, Democratic Yemen, from 20 to 26 March 1981, reiterated its condemnation of the Camp Dav,id Accords, and its strong support. of the Palestine Libetation Organization and requested Qnce more the full and unconditional withdrawal of Israel from all occupied Palenstinian and Arab lands, including y United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 75, No. 973. p. 2070. -10- Jerusalem. It also called on the European States to recognize the Palestine Liberation Organization as the only representative of the Palestinian people. (f) The Fifth Session of the Al-Quds (Jerusalem) COmmittee of the Organization of the Islamic COnference held at Fez, Morocco, on 23 and 24 April 1981, recommended that contacts should be made with European head of States and with the Japanese, Australian, Canadian and New Zealand head of States with a view to convincing those countries of the need to recognize the right of the Palestinian people to return to self-determination and to the establishment of their own inaependent State and of the need to recognize PLO as the sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people. It also recommended that contacts be made with the new United States Administration and to convey to it the Islamic countries indignation at the policy it has been following of supporting Israel at all levels. It further recommended that contacts be continued with the Vatican in order to convince it to recognize PLO as the sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people. The meeting confirmed the need to make the necessary contacts with the friendly member parties of the Socialist International in order to work for the exclusion of the Israeli Labour Party from the International. It also recommended that relations should be strengthened between the Islamic states and Latin American States in order to counter and end the spread of Zionist influence in those countries. The meeting recommended that an information campaign be launched throughout Europe and the United States with a view to securing further official and public support for the cause of Al-Quds and palestine, and that the third international symposium on Al-Quds be organized in washington, D.C. These recommendations are reproduced in document A/36/379--S/l4590. (g) The Twelfth Islamic Conference of ForeigJn llfinisters held at Baghdad, from 1 to 5 June 1981, firmly reiterated its stand on the Question of Palestine. It decided to endeavour to secure the adoption of a new resolution by the Security Council that explicitly provides for the inalienable national rights of the Palestinian people, to suspend the membership of Israel in the United Nations and its specialized agencies for its refusal to comply with relevant resolutions of the Organization, to apply the sanctions provided for in Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations to Israel, in view of its overt intransigehae and violations of the principles of the Charter of the United Nations and Universal Declarati9n of Human Rights, to accept the representation of' PLO in tile remaining capitals of Islamic States as the sole and legitimate representative of the Palestinian people. It also adopted a resolution 'expressing its serious concern over Israel's project to dig a canal in occupied Palestine linking the Mediterranean to the Dead· Sea. It strongly condemned the new Israeli aggression against the natural resources and national inalienable rights of the Palestinian people, it called upon States and Governments throughout the world to refrain from contributing financial, manpower or technical assistance to the implementation of this project, and warned institutions, companies and individuals throughout the world against participation in the implementation of this project, which shall render them liable to the. impositj.on of economic sanctions against them. It also adopted resolutions on Israelf violations in Hebro'n (Al Khalil), on Israeli violations of mosques and Islamic Holy Places in occupied Palestine, on continued settlements in and jUdaization of the occupied Palestinian and Arab territories, on the expulsion of -11- Paleatinian citizens from occupied Palestinian territories, on Israeli acts of aggression against the Palestinian camps in Lebanon, on the issuance of a Palestinian stamp, and reaffirmed the observance in all Islamic countries of Islamic Solidarity Day with the Palestinian People (21 August every year). These resolutions are reproduced in document A/36/42l-S/14626. (h) i'he thirty-seventh session of the COuncil of Ministers of the Organisation of African Unity, held at Nairobi from 15 to 28 June 1981, devoted particular attention to the problem of Palestine and the Middle East. It adopted one resolution on the subject by which it-condemned any separate treaty which violated the inalienable rights of the Palestinian people, it also stressed that no peaceful solution could be found without the participation of PLO and the recognition of the in~ienable rights of the Palestinian people, and. it commended the work of the COmmittee on the Exercise of the ~alienable Rights of. the Palestinian PeOple. i B. Action taken in accordance with paragraph 2 of General Assembly resolution ES-7/3 37. In paragraph. 20f resolution ES-7/3, the General Assembly requested the COmmittee to study thoroughly the reasons for the refusal of Israel to comply with the relevant United Nations resolutions, particularly resolution 31/20 of 24 November 1976, in which the General Assembly endorsed the recommendation of the Colllllittee, and with the numerous resolutions demanding the withdrawal of Israel from the occupied Palestinian and other Arab territories, including Jerusalem, and to submit the study to the Assembly. 38. In that connexion, the COmmittee recommended that a panel of three experts be appointed to undertake the study requested by the General Assembly. c. Action taken in accordance with paragraph 2 of General Assembly resolution 35/169 D 39. In paragraph 2 of resolution 35/169 D the General Assembly requested the Secretary-General to ensure that the Special Unit on Palestinian Rights, in consultation with the COmmittee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People and under its guidance, continue to discharge the task detailed in paragraph 1 of General Assembly resolution 32/40 B and paragraph 2 (b) of resolution 34/65 D. 40. i'he Committee wishes to stress once more the importance it attaches to the work done by the Special Unit on Palestinian Rights. It feels that the experience of the last four years in which the Special Unit has been in existence jusitfies an extension of its work prograllllle and its responsibilities. -12- 41. The Committee is convinced that the studies and pamphlets prepared and pUblished by the Special unit are a positive contribution to a better understanding of the question of Palestine. It feels that particular attention should be paid to this aspect of the Special Unit's work and that every effort should be made both to increase the number of p~phlets published annually and to reach an even wider reading pUblic. In this connexion, the Committee suggests 'that arrangements should be made for these pamphlets to be translated into languages other than the official languages of the United Nations so as to facilitate their reading by those whose languages are not among the official languages of the United Nations. 42. In accordance with paragraph 2 of resolution 34/65 D, two seminars on Palestinian Rights were organized during 1981· by the Special Unit, the first at Colombo from 10 to 14 August 1981 and the second at Havana from 29 August to 4 September 1981. The Co~ittee was represented at both those seminars and wishes once more to confirm its belief that the seminars, by bringing together academicians and other influential persons interested in the question of Palestine, constitute ~ valuable contribution towards informing the international community of the various facets of the question. The Committee also regards as most useful the pUblication by the United Nations of the papers presented at these seminars, and feels that more semiars of this nature should be held in the forthcoming biennium. The report of these two seminars are annexed to the present report of the Committee (annex II and III). 43. The Committee recalled that in paragraph 1 of resolution 34/65 D ·the General Assembly had requested the Secretary-General to redesignate the Special Unit as the Division for Palestinian Rights and to provide it with the resources necessary to discharge the increased responsibilities assigned to it by the Assembly. It recalled also that in paragraph 3 of resolution 35/169 D the General Assembly had requested the Secretary-General to keep under constant review the question of the strengthening of the Special Unit on Palestinian Rights. The Committee hoped that the Special Unit would be further strengthened in order to discharge any expanded programme of work that the General Assembly might entrust to it. 44. The Committee observed that th~ response to the invitation to observe the International Day of SOlidarity continued to be enthusiastic and, consequently, recommended that the observance of SOlidarity Day should follow the same pattern in 1981. It is expected that many Governments will once more observe the International Day of SOlidarity with the Palestinian People in an appropriate manner. 45. The Committee also noted with satisfaction that the requests contained in paragraphs 5 and 7 of General Assembly resolution 34/65 D had been complied with, that a series of United Nations commemorative postage stamps on Palestinian Rights had been issued in January19al and that a photograPhic display has been set up at United Nations Headquarters gesigned to keep visitors informed of the inalienable rights of the Palestinian people. 46. The Committee noted with appreciation that the Department of Public Information had produced a poster emphasizi~g the right of the Palestinian people to return to their homes. -13- 47. It is the intention of the Committee to make wider use of these and other display materials on suitable occasions, particularly during the seminars and away from Headquarters. 48. The Committee was most appreciative of the action of the SOlidarity Committee of the German Democratic Republic which, with the co-operation of the Committee generously produced a calendar for 1982 which had as its theme the rights of the Palestinian people. -14- V. RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE COMMITTEE 49. The Committee remains convinced that positive action by the Security Council on the Committee1s recommendations would create the necessary conditions for a just and lasting peace sinc~ these recommendations contain the basic principles relating to the problem of Palestine within the Middle East situation. These recommendations have been repeatedly endorsed by the General Assembly at its thirty-first session and all subsequent sessions. The Committee, therefore, unanimously decided once more to reiterate the validity of the recommendations, which are annexed to the present report (~nex I). 50. The Committee recommends that the General Assembly should, with stronger emphasis, again urge the Security Council to take positive and urgent action on those recommendations which have repeatedly been brought to its attention. In doing so the Committee recommends that the Security Council should be guided constantly by the following basic principles relating to the problem of Palestine within the Middle East situation: (a) The question of Pal~stine is at the heart of the problem of the Middle East and consequently no solution to the Middle East problem can be envisaged without taking into account the rights of the Palestinian peopleJ (b) The realization of the inalienable rights of the Palestinian people to return to their homes, and to self-determination, independence and national sovereignty would contribute to a solution of the crisis in the Middle EastJ (c) The participation of the Palestine Liberation Organization, the representative of the Palestinian people, on an equal footing with all other parties on the basis of General Assembly resolution 3236 (XXIX) and 3375 (XXX), is indispensable in all efforts, deliberations and conferences on the Middle East undertaken under the auspices of the United NationsJ (d) The inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by force and the obligation which devolves on Israel to withdraw completely and quickly from all territory so occupied. 51. The Committee wishes to stress in particular that, at the seventh emergency special session, held at Headquarters, New York from 22 to 29 July 1980, the General Assembly by an overwhelming majority had strongly endorsed the right of the Palestinian people to establish its own independent sovereign State. 52. The Committee once more draws the attention of the General Assembly to its considered opinion that all agreements and treaties that could affect the future of the Palestinian people, its inalienable rights and the status of the occupied Palestinian territories, which ignore, infringe on, violate or deny the inalienable rights of the Palestinian people or are negotiated without the participation of the Palestine Liberation Organization, the representative of the Palestinian people, contravene General Assembly resolutions and have no validity. -15- a wider under standi ng of 53. 'J'he Comm ittee lays great stress on the impor tance of bution toward s an the just cause of the Pales tinian people as a major contri ~1e Comm ittee equita ble, lastin g soluti on of the questi on of Pales tine. enhan ce this its effor ts to conse quentl y feels ~~at it should contin ue rec01l\1llendations whose unders tandin g so as to encou rage the implem entatio n of its its inalie nable rights and objec tive is to enable the Pales tinian people to attain on of the conce rns of all to achiev e peace in the Middl e East, with due consi derati the partie s. " -lIG- ANNEX I Recommendations of the COmmittee endorsed by the General Assembly at its thirty-first session!!· I. BASIC CONSIDERATIONS AND GUIDE~INF.S 59. The question of palestine is at the heart of the Middle East problem, and, consequently, the COmmittee stressed its belief that no solution in the Middle Fast can be envisaged which does not fully take into account the legitimate aspirations of the Palestinian people. 60. The legitimate and inalienable rights of the Palestinian people to return to their homes and property and to achieve self-determination, national independence and sovereignty are endorsed by the Committee in the conviction that the full implementation of these rights will contribute decisively to a comprehensive and final settlement of the Middle East crisis. 61. The participation of the Palestine Liberation Organization, the representative of the Palestinian people, on an equal footing with other parties, on the basis of General Assembly resolutions 3236 (XXIX) and 3375 (XXX) is indispensable in all efforts, deliberations and conferences on the Middle East which are held under the auspices of the united Nations. 62. The Committee recalls the fundamental principle of the inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by force and stresses the consequent obligation for complete and speedy evacuation of any territory so occupied. 63. The COmmittee considers that it. is the duty and the responsibility of all concerned to enable the Palestinians to exercise their inalienable rights. 64. The COmmittee recomends an expanded and more influential role by the united Nations and its organs in promoting a just solution to the question of Palestine and in the implementation of sU~h a solution. The Security COuncil, in particul'ar, should take appropriate action to facilitate the exercise by the Palestinians of their right to return to their homes, lands and property. The committee, furthermore, urges the Security council to promote action towards a just solution, taking into account all the powers conferred on it by the Charter of the united Nations. 65. It is with this perspective in view and on the basis. of the numerous resolutions of the united Nations, after due consideration of all the facts, proposals and suggestions advanced in the course of its deliberations, that the Committee submits its recommendations on the modalities for the implementation of the exercise of the inalienable rights of· the Palestinian people. !I See Official Records of the General Assembly, Thirty-second Session, Supplement NO. 35 (A/32/35), Annex I. -17- .. .-- --- --- --- ---..-- --- --- :-~ II. THE RIGHT OF JmTURN return to their homes is 66. The natur al and inalie nable right of Pales tinian s to bly ~as reaffi rmed Gener al Assem recogn ized by resolu tion 194 (111), which the unanim ously recogn ized almos t every year since its adopt ion. This right was alsotime for the urgen t by the Secur ity Counc il in its resolu tion 237 (1967) ; the implem entatio n of these resolu tions is long overdu e. to return to their homes, 67. Witho ut prejud ice to the right of all Pales tinian s mme of implem entatio n, lands and prope rty, the Comm ittee consider~ that the progra phase s: of the exerc ise of this right may be carrie d out in two phase one of the Pales tinian s 68. The first phase involv es the return to their homes ittee recommends that: The Comm displa ced as a resul t of the war of June 1967. iate implem entatio n of its (i) The secur ity Counc il should reque st the itlmed not be relate d resolu tion 237 (1967) and that such imple~entation should to any other condi tion; (H) Cross (ICRC) The resour ces of the Intern ationa l Committee of the Red for Pales tine and/o r of the O'1ited Nation s 'Relie f and Works 1lJgency may be Refug ees in the Near East, suitab ly financ ed and manda ted, on of any logis tical proble ms involv ed in employed to assis t in the soluti agenc ies could the resett lemen t of those return ing to their homes. These and the Pales tine also assis t, in co-op eratio n with the host count ries aced Liber ation Organ izatio n, in the id~ntification of the d~spl Pales tinian s. Phase two of the Pales tinian s 69. The second phase deals with the return to their homes that: ittee recommends displa ced betwee n 1948 and 1967. The Comm Nation s in (i) While the first phase is being implem ented, the United involv ed, and the Pales tine co-op eratio n wLth the states direc tly the Pales tinian Liber ation Organ izatio n as the interi m repres entati ve of d to make the neces sary arrang ement s to enable entity , should procee their right to Pales tinian s displa ced betwee n 19~8 and 1967 to exerc ise accord ance ~ith the releva nt return to their homes and prope rty, in resolu tion united Nation s resolu tions, partic ularly Gener al Assembly 194 (IU); should be paid just (ii) Pales tinian s not choos ing to return to their homes ded for in resolu tion 194 (111). and equita ble compe nsatio n as p~ovi -18- III. THE RIGHT TO SELF-DETERMINATION, NATIONAL INDEPENDEI«:E AND SOVEREIGNTY 70. The Palestinian people has the inherent right to self-determination, national independence and sovereignty in palestine. The Committee considers that the evacuation of the territories occupied by force and in violation of the principles of the Charter and relevant resolutions of the united Nations is a conditio sine qua non for the exercise by the Palestinian people of its inalienable rights of Palestinians to their homes and property and with the establishment of an independent Palestinian entity, the Palestinian people will be able to exercise its rights to self-determination and to decide its form of government without external interference. The Committee'also feels that the united Nations has an historical duty and responsibility to render all assistance necessary to promote the economic developmen~ and prosperity of the Palestinian entity. 71. 72. TO these ends, the Committee recommends that: 1967~ (a) A time-table should be established by the Security Council for the complete withdrawel b¥ Israeli occupation forces from those areas occupied in such withdrawal should be completed no later than 1 June 1977~ (b) The security Council may need to provide temporary peace-keeping forces in order to facilitate the process of withdrawal~ (c) Israel should be requested by the security Council to desist from the establishment of new settlements and to withdraw during this period from settlements established since 1967 in the occupied territories. Arab property and all essential services in these areas should be maintained intact; (d) Israel should also be requested to abide scrupulously by the prov1s10ns of the Geneva Convention relative t~ the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, of 12 August 1949, and to declare, pending its speedy withdrawal from these territories, its recognition of the applicability of that Convention; (e) The evacuated territo~ies, with all property and services intact, should be taken over by the united Nations, which with the co-operation of the League of Arab States, will subsequently hand over these evacuated areas to the Palestine Liberation organization as the representative of the Palestinian people; (f; The united Nations shQuld, if necessary, assist in establishing communications between Gaza and the West Bank; (g) AS soon as the independent Palestinian entity has been established, the united Nations, in co-operation with the States directly involved arid the Palestinian entity, should, taking into account General ASsembly resolution 3375 (XXX), make furtheJ: arrangements for the full implementation of the inalienable rights of the Palestinian people, the resolution of outstanding problems and the establishment of a just and lasting peace in the region, in accordance with all relevant .united Nations resolutions; (h) The united Nations should provide the economic and technical assistance necessary for the consolidation of the Palestinian entity~ -19- ANNEX II of Fepor t of the third united Nation s Semin ar on the Quest ion 10 to 14 August 1981 Pales tine held at Colombo from 34/65 D, the third In accord ance with the terms of Gener al ASsembly resolu tion 1. Pales tine, with its centr al theme , nthe united Natio ns Semin ar on the questi on of n at the Banda ranaik e Inalie nable Rights of the Pales tinian People , took place to 14 Augus t 1981. Seven Memo rial Intern ationa l Confe rence Hall, Colombo from 10 presen ted paper s on variou s aspec ts of the sessio~s were held at which 11 panel ists questi on of Pales tine. nable Right s of the The united Nation s Comm ittee on the Exerc ise of the Inalie 2. sting of Pales tinian People was repres ented by a deleg ation consi ter (German Demo cratic Mr. Massamba Sarr~ (seneg al); Chairm an, Mr. Gerha rd Schro ); Mr. Henri Rasolo ndraib e (Mada gascar ); RepUb lic); Mr. Vijay l~mbiar (India tine Liber ation Qazi Shauk at Fareed (pakis tan) and Mr. Zehdi L. Terzi (pales semin ar. Organ izatio n). Mr. V. Nambiar acted as Rappo rteur.o f the addres sed by The openin g sessio n of the Semin ar, on 10 Augus t 1981, was 3. Minis ter for 'R>reign Affai rs of Sri Lanka who, in Mr. Tyronne ~rnando, kting by these semin ars in welcoming the partic ipant s, noted the usefu l role played the questi on of Pales tine, and acqua inting the public ui th the facts surrou nding nable Right s of the sugge sted that the Comm ittee on the Exerc ise.of the Inalie at the Semin ar could be examin e how th~ paper s presen ted Pales tinian People should ation system of the given the wides t possib le dissem inatio n throug h the inform nment of Sri Lanka 's united Nation s. He also drew at~antion to the GOver people and its full recog nition .of the inalie nable rights of the Pales tinian at all intern ationa l forums where Sri Lanka had, suppo rt to the Pales tinian cause n of the Pales tine along with other States , worked hard for the partic ipatio ment of the questi on of Libera tion organ izatio n in the proce sses for the settle an of the Comm ittee, Pales tine. At the same .sessi on, Mr. Massamba Sarr~, Chairm ed the impOr tance ittee and its work and stress gave a brief accou nt of~the Comm tine and on the" neces sity to which was placed on publi city for the quest ion of Pales the public . Mr. Eaisal Aweida, ensure that all facts surrou nding the issue reache d of the Execu tive the Speci al Repre sentat ive of Mr. Yasse r Arafa t, Chairm an tion organ izatio n, thanke d the COmmittee on the Committee of the Pales tine Libera for the intere st it Exerc ise of the Inalie naple Rights of the Pales tinian People Pales tinian people and asked has been taking in promo ting the just cause of the the need to find ways the comm ittee to impre ss upon the intern ationa l community QUest ion of Pales tine. Natio n~ re~ol ution s on the and means of implem enting united a messag e from Chairman At the sixth sessio n, Mr. Aweida convey ed to ~he Semin ar of the pales tine Libera tion Yasse r Arafa ton behal f of the Execu tive Comm~ttee Minis ter of Trans port, Organ izatio n. At the closin g sessio n Mr. M. H. Mohamed, nment of Sri Lanka. made a statem ent on behal f of the GOver -20- 4. Five panels were established to consider different aspects of the central theme, "The inalienable rights of the Palestinian people". These panels, the panelists and titles of the papers presented were as follows: A. Panel 1. FUndamental Rights of the Palestinian People Dr. M. S. Agwani (India») Dr. Stanislaw Matosek (Poland); Dr. FOuard Moughrabi (United States of ~erica) presented the following papers entitled "The FUndamental Rights of the Palestinian people", "Certain Aspects of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People" and "The Palestinian Right to Self Determination", respectively. B. Panel 2. Legal Issues in the Palestine Question Dr. TUrkkaya Ataov (TUrkey) and Dr. Mohammed Akbar Kherad (Afghanistan) presented papers entitled "The use of Palestinian waters and International Law", and "The National identity and the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian people" respectively. C. panel 3. Human Rights and Palestine Mrs. Salwa Abu Khadra (palestinian); Dr. Hassan Haddad (United States); and Dr. Sardar Mohammad (Pakistan) presented papers entitled "The Palestinian QUestion and the Human Rights of the Palestinian Child"; "FUndamental Rights of the Palestinians: the Primal Crime and the ~biguities of Chosenness" and "Restoration of Human Rights of the Palestinian People: the Role of the united Nations and the Super-Powers" respectively. D. ~~. The Palestine Issue and Asian Public Opinion Dr. Abdel Malik All Abmed Auda (Egypt) and Mr. Mervyn de Silva (Sri Lanka) presented papers entitled "The Question of Palestin~-and Asian Public opinion" and "Old Images, New perceptions - Opin~on Trends in Sri-Lanka" respectively. E. PanelS. The Nature of the Palestine Liberation Organization Mr. Afif Safiyeh (palestinian) presented a paper entitled "The PLO: the Challenge and the Response". An introductory statement on Israeli settlement policies in the OCcupied Arab Territories was also presented by Professor Ebuad Moughrabi (united states) as a basis for discussion. 5. The exchange of views with which each meeting was concluded indicated that . there was general agreement amo~gst the participants over a wide range of issues relating to the restoration' of the inalienable rights of the Palestinian people. The discussions covered all aspects of the rights of the Palestinian people and the manner in which they were. systematically and continuously violated by Israel. It was agreed that the question of Palestine was at the core of the Middle East problem and was the result of an accumulation of illegalities. This was a concern not merely of the Palestinian people, but of all the Arab people as well as the people of all countries of the world in terms of the moral, political and human issues arising there from. -21- s presen ted at the In view of the depth of analy sis contai ned in the paper 6. ice, they will be publis hed by the Semin ar, and in accord ance with establ ished pract a contri bution to a wider united Nation s along with the repor t of the Semin ar as on of Pales tine. under standi ng of the questi people the Semin ar In discus sing the fundam ental rights of the Pales tinian 7. achiev ed in the community of nation s felt that a near-u nivers al consen sus had been tine. Atten tion was drawn conce rning fundam ental aspec ts of the questi on of Pales bly resolu tion 3210 (XXIX) which consid ered the partic ularly to Gener al Assem on of Pales tine and the Pales tinian Peiop le to be the princ ipal p~rty to the questi entati ve. This resolu tion, which pales tine Liber ation organ izatio n as its repres peopl e, had been adopte d duly recogn ized the fundam ental rights of the Pales tinian Nation s. Realiz ation of an by a large major ity'o; the Member States of the united histo rical proce ss had intern ationa l consen sus· was a matte r of time since the balanc e of forces had alread y been set in motion and the moral and diplom atic peopl e. It was furthe r pointe d out that mere shifte d in favour of the Pales tinian to self-d eterm inatio n was rheto rical suppo rt of the right of the Pales tinian people was requir ed was concr ete no longe r an adequ ate respon se to the situat ion. What Israe l, espec ially the action by count ries to strong ly urge the suppo rters of confor m to the w~ll of the intern ationa l united State s, to compe l Israel to commu nity. t the intern ationa l The failur e of succe ssive Ameri can admin istrati ons to accep polic ies, but 8. furthe r its expan sionis t consen sus had encou raged Israe l to pursue beginn ing to raise seriou s enligh tened libera l opinio n in the united State s was now the State of Israe l. questi ons about the nature of Ameri cals relati onshi p with and other. Arab territ ories Israe lis colon ial practi ces in the occup ied Pales tinian st other Arab count ries such as Lebano n, as well as its wanto n aggre ssion again isolat ion in the Iraq, Syrian Arab Repub lic, etc., are contri buting to its rt in the united State s. intern ationa l community and to the erosio n of its suppo childr en who were The Semin ar focuse d on the sad pligh t of the Pales tinian 9. ed by the Israe li polic ies in the occup ied among the most seriou sly affect t of childr en by the pales tinian territ ories . Speci fic instan ces of maltre atmen the manner in which the nt of occup ation forces were highli ghted along with an accou tion. The Semin ar agreed Israe li autho rities interf ered with the system of educa al respo nsibil ity to ensure that Pales tinian that the united Nation s had a speci rights and digni ty. childr en were not depriv ed of their most eleme ntary human ution alisat ion and 10. The partic ipant s in the semina r agreed that th~ instit condu cted by the State of race and religio~ practi ce of discri minat ion on the basis the Chart er of the united of Israe l again st the people of Pales tine is contra ry to Nation s and to the norms of the intern ationa l commu nity. of the inalie nable 11. The Semin ar agreed that there should be no abridg ement people as defin~d in releva nt united Nation s resolu tions rights of the Pales tinian l community nor any and as accep ted by the vast major ity of the intern ationa the intern ation al community had devia tion from the fundam ental princ iples which -22- reaffirmed as the basis of a just and lasting settlement of the question of Palestine. These inalienable rights and fundamental principles are: (a) The right of the Palestinians to return to their homes and property from which they had been displaced and uprooted~ (b) The right to selfoodetermination without external interference and the right to national independence and sovereignty~ (c) The right to establish an independent State-in Palestine. (d) The question of Palestine is at the heart of the problem of the Middle East and no solution to that problem can be envisaged without taking into account the inalienable rights of the Palestinian people~ (e), The implementation of these inalienable rights of the Palestinian people will contribute to a final solution of the Middle East crisis; (f) The participation of the Palestine Liberation organization, the representative of the palestinian people, on -an equal footing with all other parties on the basis of General Assembly resolution 3236 (XXIX) of 22 NOvember 1974 and 3375 (XXX) of 10 November 1975 is indispensable to all efforts, deliberations and conferences on the Middle East which takes place under the auspices of the united Nations; (g) The inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by force and the consequent obligation for Israel to withdraw completely and speedily from all territory so occupied. 12. The Seminar noted that Israel's arrogant defiance of united Nations resolutions, international law and world public opinion had assumed intolerable proportions. Its decision to annex Jerusalem and to move its capital to that City, its unprovoked 'attack on Iraq and its indiscriminate bombing of Lebanon which had resulted in a large scale loss of life were condemned QY the international community inclUding most of the countries who are regaided as Israel's closest friends and supporters. The people of Lebanon as well as the inhabitants of the Palestinian camps in southern Lebanon have long suffered from the continued aggression and barbarous attack~ launched by Israel. TO put an end to Israel's intransigence, the Security Council was strongly urged to consider recourse action under Chapter VII of the united Nations Charter. Such action was required in view of Israel's persistence in ignoring the appeals to reasons that have been addressed to it from all quarters. Israel's action was not only a serious pbstacle to a peaceful settlement in the Middle East but a most serious threat{to international peace and security. one reason for Israel's intransigence was ~he moral, material and political support it received from countries such as the untted States. The' efforts by the united states to achieve a partial settlement outside the united Nations framework and without the participation of the Palestine Liberation organization as well as the denial of the inalienable rights of the Palestinian people have further aggravated Israel's intransigent attitude. -23- sticat ed weapons and 13. The opinio n was expres sed that, by furnis hing sophi nsible for Israe lis equipm ent to Israe l, the united States of America was respo condemned. Israe lis obviou s aggre ssive polic ies which had been intern ationa lly sion of occup ation motiv ation for its action was the conso lidatio n of the expan establ ished in violat ion of intern ationa lly tolarg e portio ns of the area, peopl e. TO accede to such princ iples and the inalie nable rights of the Pales tinian of intern ationa l r~lations and a situat ion would be to accep t a change in the norms to jeopa rdize intern ation al peace and secur ity. ng the demog raphic 14. The semin ar was convin ced that the proce ss of changi ishme nt of compo sition of the occup ied territ ories throug h the establ - Dead sea canal, the errane an settle ments /colon ies, the const ructio n of the Medit the Israe li settle rs at explo itatio n of scarc~ water resou rces for the benef it of , were all clearl y to the Pales tinian inhab itants the cost of untold hardsh ip territ ories in viola tion of intend ed to achiev e compl ete annex ation of the occup ied of united Nation s resolu tions. the Pburth Geneva COnve ntion of 1949, a/ and create a right. Contr ary to Israe lis conte ntion, these- action s could not ips result ing from the 15. The Semin ar consid ered speci fic instan ces of the hardsh ied Arab territ ories or illega lly occup establ ishme nt of settle ments /colon ies in the partic ularly , to the grave confis cated lands owned by Arabs. Atten tion was drawn , l, of Pales tinian water situat ion that had arisen throug h the explo itatio n, by Israe the newly establ ished of resour ces for the benef it of Israe l and of the popul ations use of Pales tinian water s settle ments at the expen se of the Arab inhab itants . The desig ns'for compl ete annex ation of the occup ied was linked with Israe lis escala ted tion of the FOurth territ ories , and was catego rized as a clear and gross viola Geneva Oonve ntion of 1949. ds repres ented a denia l 16. Sever al partic ipant s observ ed that the Camp David Accor and the breakdown of of the right of self-d eterm inatio n of the Pales tinian people ine by unila teral or this framework repres ented the failur e of attem pts to determthe Pales tinian and parti al agreem ents the future of the Pales tinian people . NO state had the right to under take any territ ories ~ccupied since 1967 by Israel future of the Pales tinian action s, measu res or negot iation s that could affec t the territ ories witho ut the peopl e, its inalie nable rights and the occup ied Pales tinian equal footin g. n on an partic ipatio n of the Pales tine r~beration Organ izatio on the impor tance attach ed 17. Great stress was placed by the Semina~ partic ularly releva nt to the questi on of to presen ting to the intern ationa l public all the facts a corre ct·per spect ive. Pales tine in order that the issues would be viewe d-from d in overco ming the 18. It was recogn ized that consid erable diffiC Ulty existe n of accur ate inform ation. obsta cles placed by vested intere sts in the dissem inatio again st the Pales tinian bias These obsta cles were mainly the resul t of a distin ct ationa l news and media people and open sympa thy for Israe l shown by the major intern count ries ',upon which many of the count ries of the netwo rks contr olled by Weste rn ated throug h their own Third World had to rely for the intern ationa l news circul press · !I United Nation s, Treaty Serie s, Vol. 75, NO. 973, p. 287. -24- 19. The Seminar was convinced that in order to counter the political and historical untruths and distortions which have so far misled world public opinion and accounted for misunderstandings on the situation in Palestine, every effort should be made to step up the widespread dissemination of information and to ensure reliable reporting and balanced cove~age as a major contribution to the achievement , of a just solution of the problem of 'Palestine. 20. The participants agreed that Asian public opinion is a valuable pillar of support for the palestinian cause which forms part of the political ideals and objectives which Asian public opinion believes. 21. OVer the years there have been important developments which have resulted in the strengthening of relations between the Arab and other Asian states, and a positive evolution of the attitudes towards the question of Palestine. There has also been a gradual growth in bilateral relations between the Palestinian people represented by the Palestine Liberation Organization, and the people and GOvernments of Asian states. The growing effectiveness of information dissemination on the Palestine question through the adoption of scientific mass communication methods was a positive step which was evident in the response and the support emanating from all sectors and shadea of Asian public opinion for the Palestinian cause. The participants hoped that the media in Asian countries would give more attention to the inalienable rights of the Palestinian people in order to enable the people of those countries to better understand and appreciate the basic elements of the question of Palestine. 22. It was emphasized that the Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People and the united Nations Special unit on Palestinian Rights, and the Department of Public Information of the secretariat, had an important role to play in the widest possible dissemination of information and in moulding public opinion through the presentation of all the facts pertaining to the question of Palestine. 23. The Seminar was provided with details of the origins and growth as well as the organizational structure of the Palestine Liberation Organization and its responses to the vicissitudes of political development in the Middle East. The Seminar noted that the Palestine Liberation Organization had unified a geographically and demographically dispersed Palestinian people and was channeling their struggles toward .a common goal, the right of return, self-determination and independent statehood. The Seminar noted that an increasing number of countries had recognized the Palestine Liberation Organization and that besides enjoying observer status in the united Nations and its specialized agencies and being a full member in the League of Arab States, in the COnference of Islamic States and th~Movement of the NOn-Aligned countries, all socialist countries and a majority of·~he Third World countries as well as a member of West European countries had officially recognized the Palestine Liberation Organization. Sucessive Presidents of/the European . COuncil of Ministers, had met with the Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Orgnization as a party directly concerned in.any endeavour for the solution of the Middle Fast crisis. It was noted also that a vast majority of States had allowed the Palestine Liberation organization to o~en information and political offices in their capitals. ! 24. The Seminar concluded its work with an expression of appreciation by the participants to the GOvernment of Sri Lanka for its assistance and co-operation in permitting the Seminar to be held at Colombo and for the hospitality and courteous services extended to them. -25- ANNEX III ion of Pales tine, Repor t of the !burth united Nation s Semin ar on the Quest Augus t to 4 septem ber 1981 held at Havana from 31 34/65 D, the In accord ance with the terms of Gener al Assembly resolu tion its centr al theme 1. of Pales tine, with Pburth united Nation s Semin ar on the Quest ion at the Palac io de las "The Inalie nable Rights of the Pales tinian People " took place Eight meetin gs were held Conve ncione s, Havana, from 31 Augus t to 4 septem ber 1981. ts of the Quest ion of at which fiftee n paner ists presen ted paper s on variou s aspec pa}es tine. nable Right s of the The united Nation s Committee on the Exerc ise of the Inalie 2. sting of Pales tinian People was repres ented by a deleg ation consi (Afgh anista n), Mr. Massamba Sarr~, (seneg al), Chairm an: Mr. parid zarif Mr. zehdi L. Terzi Vice Olairm an: Mr. Andre as V. Mavrommatis (Cypr us), and Organ izatio n). Mr. Mavrommatis acted as Rappo rteur of the (pales tine Liber ation semin ar. sa, altern ate The openin g sessio n was attend ed by Mr. Jesus Montan~ orope 3. of Intern ationa l Affair s member of the POlit ical Bureau and Chief of the Depar tment ent Fidel Castro Rus. of the Communist party of Cuba who repres ented Presid was addres sed by 4. 'The openin g sessio n of the semin ar, on 31 August 1981, Affai rs of Cuba, who, on Mr. Jos~ Raul Viera Linare s, Acting Minis ter for ,R)reig n ar in CUba since it was behal f of his Government, welcomed the holdin g of the Semin y becau se of the long porary histor devote d to one of the most noble cause s of contem promo tion of this type of suffer ing of the Pales tinian peopl e. He added that the s Gener al Assembly and Semin ar reaffi rmed the prior ity accord ed by the united Nation of the inalie nable rights the movement of NOn-Aligned COunt ries to the realiz ation of increa sing the of the Pales tinian peopl e. He, stress ed also the impor tance of bringi ng to nity with Pales tine and solid arity of the intern ationa l commu of the traged y, of the intern ationa l pUblic opinio n full knowledge of the facts Pales tinian peopl e. Comm ittee, gave a At the same sessio n, Mr. Massamba Sarr~, Chairman of the 5. and its work and stress ed tQe impor tance of ensuri ng brief accou nt of the COmmittee d the pUblic so that a that all facts surrou nding the questi on of Pales tine reache sage from ed. A.mes be achiev p~oper under standi ng of the issues would the Pales tine Liber ation Mr. Yasse r Arafa t, Chairm an of the Execu tive Committee of the seminar. by Mr. Abdul lah Abdul lah, his specia l Organ izatio n, was convey ed to repres entati ve to the Semin ar. e was observ ed in At the openin g sessio n of the Semin ar, a minute of silenc 6. tly killed in air memory of tWO distin guish ed Latin American leade rs recen ra, and the Commander of accid ents: the presid ent of Ecuad or, Jaime Rold6s ~uile a, Gener al anar TOrri jos. The the Nation al Guard and former Head of State of Panam one minute of silenc e in Semin ar comm enced- its next sessio n with the observ ance of Bohan ar, presid ent and memory of the late Mohammad Ali Rajai and Mohammad Javad -26- Prime Minister of Iran, respectively, news of whose tragic deaths had been ~eceived officially that afternoon. " 7. The closing session was addressed by Mr. Vecino Alegret, Minister of Higher Education of Cuba. Six panels were established to consider different aspects of the central tneme "the inalienable rights of the Palestinian people". These panels, the panelists and titles of the papers presented were as follows: 8. A. Panel 1: Israeli Settlement Policies in the OCcupied Arab Territories Dr. JanetAbu-LUghod (united states) and Mr. Raja Shihadeh (palestinian) presented papers entitled "Israeli settlements in OCcupied Arab Land: conquest to COlony" and "Analysis of the Legal Structure of Israeli Settlements in the OCcupied West Bank of Jordan" respectively. B. panel 2: ! Human Rights and Palestine Dr. Muhammad HaUaj (palestinian), Dr. Julio.prado Valleju ~Ec:uador) and Dr. John Quigley (united states) presented papers entitled "Political Aborticide: Israel's Palestinian Policy", "Human Rights and Palestine" and "HUman Rights and palestine: Recent Developments" respectively. C. Panel 3: The Nature of the palestine Liberation Organization Dr. Bayan NUwaihed al Hout (palestinian) presented a paper entitled "The Nature of the Palestine Liberation organization: The Identity". D. panel 4: Legal Issues in the Palestine Question Dr. Ibrahim Abu-LUghod (palestinian) and Dr. HoracioSevilla Borja (Ecuador) presented papers entitled "Retrieving Palestinian National Rights" and "SOme Considerations on the Establishment of a Palestinian State" respectiv~ly. E. Panel 5: The Palestine Issue and Latin American rublie opinion F. panel 6: FUndamental Rights of the Palestinian People Or ~ Humberto Diaz-casanueva (Chile), Mr. David Gilmour (uni ted Kingdom) and Lic. Jose·"Antonio GarciaLara (Cuba) presC'lnted papers entitled "Impli,cations of the Process of Implementing the FUndamental Rights of the Palestinian people", "The FUndamental Rights of the Palestinian People" and "The Rights of the Palestinian people" respectively. -21- 9. It was clear from the exchange (Jf views that there was consensus among the participants on the main points raised by the panelists as well as over a wide range of issues relating to the restoration of the inalienable rights of the Palestinian people. The discussions covered all aspects of the rights of the Palestinian people and the manner in which they were consistently violated by Israel. It was agreed that the situation in Palestine was not merely the concern of the Palestinian people and the Arab nation but involved the entire international community, insofar as it constitutes a threat to international peace and security, and is a violation of internationally accepted principles. 10. In view of the depth of analysis contained in the papers presented at the Seminar, and in accordance with established practice, they will be published by the united Mations along with the report of the Seminar as a contribution to a wider understanding of the Palestine Question. 11. The Seminar noted that the fundamental rights of the Palestinian people had been defined and reaffirmed by the united Nations and other organizations. It has been Israel's intransigent policy, recently intensified, and the support it receives from other States, particularly the united States, which placed obstacles in the way of full attainment of those rights. It was suggested that the international community should take action in accordance with chapter VII of the Charter of the united Nations in view of Israel's violations of international law including persistent violations of Article 25 of the Charter. 12. The Seminar stressed the importance of the role played by the united Nations in finding a just solution to the problem of Palestine. It was recognized that although much had been done by the international community to support the Palestinian people in its struggle to attain and freely exercise its inalienable rights, yet the united Nations should continue and intensify support to the Palestinian people and ensure that the principles of the Charter and the resolutions of the General Assembly and the Security Council were not violated. It should also assist in the preservation of the rights of the Palestinian people and take timely measures to forestall violation of those rights and to prevent Israel's genocidal aggression which interferes with the implementation of Palestinian rights and thus affects international peace and security. This was the transcendent respOnsibility of the united Nations and of Member States. 13. The Seminar was convinced that any partial agreement arrived at outside the framework of the united Nations which sought to find a solution which affected .the rights of the Palestinian people or the occupied Palestinian territories had no validity unless full recognition was given to the inalienable rights of thePalestinian people and the palestine Liberation Organization as the sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people. In this connexion, there was consensus among the panelists that the Camp David Accords represented a violation of the inalienable rights of the Palestinian people as defined in united Nations resolutions and that, to that extent, they were invalid. 14. The seminar was in complete agreement on the fundamental issues concerning the rights of the Palestinian people as defined in united Nations resolutions and was of the opinion that no deviation should be permitted from these rights. Among these rights were: -28- (a) The right of the Palestinian people to self-determination without external interference and the rights to national independence and sovereignty in Palestine~ (b) (c) The right to territorial integrity and national unity; The right of the Palestinians to attain their legitimate aspirations; (d) The right of the palestinian people to establish their own independent and sovereign state in Palestine; (e) The right of the Palestinians to 'return to their ancestral homes and property from which they have been forcibly displaced and uprooted; (f) The right of the Palestinians in the ,occupied Palestinian territories to permanent sovereignty over, their natural resources; (g) The right of the Palestinian people to free development. 15. It was suggested that to enhance its ef~ectiveness in safeguarding these rights, the international community should be unswerving in its commitment to the attainment of those rights by the Palestinian people, should give moral and material assistance to the Palestinian people in their struggle, including armed struggle, for national liberation, and should call for mandatory sanctions to be applied against Israel as an aggressor state. 16. The Seminar agreed that Israeli violations of the human rights of the palestinian people living in the occupied Palestinian territories had been persistent, gross, systematic and indiscrimin~te. There was no evidence to suggest that they were temporary or sporadic aberrations likely to diminish or cease. On the contrary, there were sufficient grounds to believe that Israel's disregard for Palestinian human rights was a manifestation of its ultimate intentions and a strategic commitment in its oppressive relation'ship to 'the- Palestinian people. The Seminar heard a detailed analysis of Israeli aims and motivations. It also heard a report on the recent (July 1981) attacks by Israel on ~eirut and Palestinian refugee camps and Lebanese civilians in southern Lebanon, the conclusion drawn from which was that there was a methodical genocidal onslaught. 17. The participants in the Seminar were of the opinion that in occupied Palestine denial of human rights formed part of a broader denial, that of the Palestinian people's very existence as a natio~. Violations of individual human rights, therefore, had to be viewed within the larger context of the denial of national existence. i 18. A persistent ~eature had been an effort on the part of the,fGovernment of Israel to eradicate almost all manifestations of Palestinian national existence. Israel's ability to employ highly developed technology in its efforts to displace and subjugate the Palestinians had facilitated economic domination over them - a domination that had significantly increased the seriousness of the more traditional forms of human rights deprivations. These deprivations had been amply documented by international agencies and non-governmental organizations. NOt only in the tarritories occupied in 1967 have 'these violations of human rights been taking place at an accelerated rate, but recently there have been mounting violations of -29- ied since 1948. Many rights of Pales tinian s within the areas Israel has' occup ions were referr ed to in the discus sion. The speci fic examp les of these violat a 1980 survey of Israe li semin ar was partic ularly conce rned at the inform ation that believ ed that Pales tinian s Jewish high schoo l stude nts had found that 64 per cent tive of racis t in Israe l did not deserv e equal rights which was indica indoc trinat ion. op1n10 n that the simil arity 19. The partic ipant s in the Semin ar expres sed their ed and be SUbje ct to betwee n the Israe li and SOuth Africa n regime s should analys of human rights , racism , and colon ialism , speci al study conce rning the violat ion l peace and secur ity. and the threa t that both regime s const itute to intern ationa that at a time when the 20. The partic ipant s at the Semin ar consid ered it ironic Egypt purpo rtedly to accord autonomy to Government of Israe l was negot iating with res had been taken to pales tinian s in the west Bank and Gaza, additi onal measu throug h the establ ishme nt reinfo rce the Zioni st takeov er of the West Bank and Gaza to the occup ation. of new settle ments /colon ies and to ~uppress oppos ition l pressu re should be more 21. It was critic al at such a time that intern ationa rights of the Pales tinian effec tively mobil ized to prote ct the human and nation al ions daily perpe trated . people and to put an end to the existi ng patter n of violat freedo m fighte rs should be 22. The partic ipant s also consid ered that Pales tinian consid ered that they could accord ed the status of prison ers of war. ~hey furthe r ity as comba tants. not be extrad ited for anythi ng done in the~r capac exists betwee n Israe l and 23. Refere nce was made to the specia l relati on that presen ce in the region of sever, al Latin Ameri can count ries as well as to the active l Zionis m. ationa econom ic, finan cial and milita ry intere st of intern Ameri can and Caribb ean press 24. The view was expre ssed that sectio ns of the ~atin to reprod uce their depend ed too much on pro-I sraeli news agenc ies and tended Pales tinian s since the major ity dispat ches as receiv ed. This is preju dicial to the . Zioni st strate gy of the princ ipal agenc ies are sympa thetic toward s Israel facts, men and langua ge - by ensuri ng a unila teral depend ed on the manip ulatio n of s, by the hiring of flow of inform ation conce rning all Middl e Easter n affair and by convey ing advers e well-p laced journ alists ~o write anti-P alesti nian items strate gy baseg :on this image s of the Palest inian3 as terro rists. The long term opinio n. In order idea had had a defin itive influe nce on Latin ,American public for the better ts could be achiev ed in the effor ts that more positi ve resul Caribb ean o~ the questi on enligh tenme nt of pUblic opinio n in Latin America a~d the partic ularly the follow ing: of pales tine, concr ete measu res should be taken, ation on Pales tine by (a) The inten sifica tion of the dissem inatio n of inform J the Depar tment of Public Inform ation of the Secre tariat s in Latin America and (b) The establ ishme nt of centre s for Pales tinian stuqie the caribb ean in the count ries where they do not existJ tine under the (c) The spons orship of semin ars on the questi on of Pales in those count ries of r.atin Ameri ca which auspic es of the united Nation s espec ially are comm itted to the Pales tine cause or do not oppose itJ -30- (d) special studies to be undertaken regarding the relations between Israel and several Latin American armed forces; (e) The establishment of offices of the Palestine Liberation organization in the Latin American countries where they do not exist at present; (f) Political, technical and material support to all organizations and regional publications which disseminate objective information on the ordeal of the Palestinian people and its legitimate rights; (g) A census of Palestinians and cther Arabs living in Latin American countries. 25. A suggestion was made that a seminar on the question of Palestine especially organized for the benefit of the United States would prove~ost be~eficial as North American public opinion should be made aware in the clearest terms that the international consensus on the attainment of the inalienable rights of the Palestinian people and the establishment of a sovereign Palestinian state in the occupied territories would not constitute a thr~at to the existence of Israel. 26. The Seminar noted that in the 14 years that elapsed since its ille~al occupation of the West Bank and Gaza, Israel, in defiance of the world community, had systematically passed a large number of military orders and practised poli~ies to facilitate the absorption of the occupied territories while at the same time preventing the development of the Palestinian community, expelling its leaders and attempting to subjugate it completely. Within the over-all objective, the establishment of settlements/colonies on expropriated land and land improperly declared state land has resulted in consolidating the occupation and in the de facto annexation of the occupied territories. The Seminar stressed that the occupied territories of the West Bank and Gaza belong to the Palestinian people and to nobody else. I,srael's prime motive in continuing the occupation was not strategic but expansionist and colonialist. 27. The means used to put these po~icies into effect range from brute force and primitive might to resource deprivation and economic sanctions. ~ough these had been used from the beginning of the occupation in 1967 an intensification was expected in the next few years. Already for instance, agricultural strangulation through rigorous control of water, a scarce resource in palestine, was evident. New Israeli settlements/colonies were given priority in access to water at the expense of the Arab inhabitants who, when consequently deprived of their present sources of water, were denied permission to drill new wells to replace what they had lost. The strategy was obviously intended to compel the Arab population to emigrate as were the tactics of confiscation of lands, the imposition of collective punishment, and the pract~ce of torture. ' Specific examples were given of the manner in which Israel executed its settlements,policy and the Seminar heard a detailed analysis of the legal structure of the settlements based on ordinances passed at the time of the British mandate, Jordanian laws, Israeli laws and Israeli ~ilitary orders (of which there are about 1,000 at this time) passed by the military commander of the West Bank. The Seminar was unanimous in its view that Israel's colonial settlement policy, the demographic changes and the changes effected in existing laws were in clear violation of international law particularly the FOurth Geneva Convention of 1949 and were part 28. -31- of the occup ied of Israe l's design s to conso lidate its illega l annex ation territ ories . ation Organ izatio n, the 29. In consid ering the evolu tion of the Pales tine Liber which had to strive for izatio n Semin ar noted that it had develo ped from an organ ized by the Arab the recog nition of its own people into an organ izatio n recogn the sole legiti mate the intern ationa l community as States and the vast major ity of suprem e impor tance of the repres entati ve of its people . The Semin ar noted also the among the Pales tinian s and Pales tine Liber ation Organ izatio n as a unifyi ng factor ity, a signif icant the role it played in conso lidatin g their sense of ident of the inalie nable rights of the pales tinian develo pment toward s the attain ment ued milita ry steadf astnes s peopl e. This sense of ident ity accoun ted for the contin and the other Arab States , n them of the Pales tinian s, the pragm atic relati on betwee its recog nition as the the credi bility of the Pales tine Liber ation Organ izatio n, of the Palestini~ people by the Pales tinian people sole legiti mate repres entati ve of its democ ratic itself and the intern ationa l community and the steady growth tradit ions. the Pales tinian people , 30. When the Semin ar consid ered the recen t histor y of rt which all the Arab refere nce was made by the panel ists to the tremen dous suppo its strugg le for n States render ed to the Pales tinian people in order to sustai nation al libera tion. ipants of their 31. The Semin ar conclu ded with the expre ssion by the partic co-op eratio n in ance and appre ciatio n to the Government of Cuba for its assist warm hospi tality , excel lent permi tting the Semin ar to be: held at Havana and for the ed to them. facili ties and cQurte ous servic es extend 81-265 67 0033n (E) -32- .~ll""~l..:..b~ ~ J~14 40- J-\o; -rJ1 UJ1..r I.t-< ~I . ~WI .\-1 e:- .} e<;,.,J1 ')') ",1,:(.11 ..r ·.....,.)1 . -...i:"'.})\ .oJ'Y..>:' .} e=J1 ~I ",I,..,.. ~ J"...JI ;,;.... ;.....,.)1 ...~I , ')1 .,51 )1 tDfiJlIl· ·~~II\~~ 'H'l'liIl1lljltlll: ~I!!: "t.*, i1J6~!~~2tI$Jfi":It~. iAtoJ i1J6~iCliIt:!;j~J!!R!~lIt8 PlJf1t:J~.g.~i1~!lI. 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