UNITED NATIONS

GeneralAseembly

Distr.
GENERAI

A/ 43 / 694

24 Octobor 1988
EtrGtISE

OAIGINAL:

ENGLISE/FRENCE

Ageada

Forty-third iten

sessLon
77 SPECIAL COIO'TITTEE TO INIIESIIGATE ISRAE 'I PRACIICES AFTECTING IBE ET'UATT AIGETS OP TIIB POPI'LATIOtr OF THE OCq'PIED TERBIIORIES

REPORT OP

lSE

Note bv the Sscretary-Ganeral The secretary-eueral bas the bonour to transnit to th tnenbers of the Goneral Assembty the attacbett rePort, wbich Yas submitteal to hirn, in acc-rdance with p"t"g".!u 17 of Assenbly resolutloa 42/J,60 D of I December 198?, by the speclal Co,*ittee to Iuvestigato Israeli Practic.s Affectiug the Eurnan Rights of the Population of the OccuPid Torf,itories.

88-26346 0508-109 (E)
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coxrExTs

paragrrphs
LE:nlEB Or

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4

IBAIISMIIIAL l_s
6 _ 19
zo _ 24
7
7

I. II. rrr. IV.

INARODUCTTOtr
oacNrlzArlof, oF l|onx

MANDATE
IXFORII^TION Af,D EVIDENCB BECEIVED BY lEE SPBCIIL

10 L2 13

A. G6!ral sltuatlo! 1. Ihe uprislng- of the palestlaia'D Populatloa agalltt th6 occupatto! ..... .....:.:. (a) General dv.lopnelts adt pollcy stltelletrt! .... (b) Wave of dlsturbalcea ..... 2. Other goloral pollcy itevelotrnrett! .... B. Aalniaistration Jultica, iDctuaH.lg tho rlgbt to fllr trial . ,of l. palestinian populatlo! (a)
Coasequences

COIOII''EE 25 - 606 3l _ zSZ
31

_ 247 ?g

13

33 _ 7g

14

_ 247 23 24g _ z5Z 5l
253 _
A56 _

332 318

53

54 54 65

of tlr uprislng A56 _ 316 (b) Otber devoloprneats 317 _ 3rE 2. rsraeli sottlrs, uadergrouait actlvl^6t! ald otber! 319 _ 332 C. lreatnnt of civiliaas, LncludlDg futdanoDtal freedornr 333 _ 52? 1. coleral devlopmatts . 333 _ 430 {a) Earassnent atd pbyrlcll nlstrartnstt .......... 333 _ 3Ez (b) Cotlective punlshnelt 383 _ 397 (c) E:pulsions alal dportatlols ... . 398 _ irE (d) Bcolomic atld soclal sltuatloll {19 _ 43o

6s
68 68
6e

7g

81
88

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CONTEf,TS

(

conthuoil)
Paradraphs Eggg

2. Ilformatioa (a) (c) (d) (e)

furdanertal
Froilorn

oa neasured
freedorna

lffctiag crtal.!

of novenelt
worsbip expresalon

- 498 a31 - 432
431

9l
91 92
93
97

(b) lreaon of
Freedorn

of

- 440 441 - 460
433

Frcoilon
Freeilom

of assoclatlor ....... of ealucatio!

{61 - 466
467 499

- 498

98

3. Isformatioa ol settleis' acttvitiea affectltrg th clvlllan populatloa D. lreatnont of A. .['!taetatlo! 2. 1. PoUcy ..
Meaaures

detal.uees

- 327 52E - 580 - 599 581 - 590
581 591

LOz 109 120 120 1?1

aad

Bettlenelts .....

- 599

P. Irformatlon
occugatioa

coacernJ.ug

Syrla! trritorl u!{ler

v.
VI. I. rI. 1II.

cotrcl.usroNs
ADOPTION OF TEE REPORT

- 606 607 - 621
600

r22
L24
129

622
Anrre s

LIS! OF VrCrnrS OF rgE ORCAf,rzArrON
ISBAELI

ITPRISING SIIBI.{ITTED

Bv TBB PAI,ESIINE LIBEBAIIOf,
131 140

PETIUON SIGNED BY DETAINEES
}TAP SHOWING

TROM AT{SAB

3 .....
196?

CONSTBUCTIOA

Itr

SETTLEMEITTS ESTAALISSBD, PLAIIf,ED OB I'ITDER

TEE TERRITORIES OCCT'PIED SINCE

..

143

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LE TER OF TRANSMITTAL

26 August t 9BB

brr,
The special cormittee to rlvestigate rsraeri practices Affecting Rights of the PoPulatlon of the occupietl Territories has the honour tothe tfuman to transmit you herewith its twentieth report, prepared in accordance with ceneral Assembly resolutioios concerning the Special Contnittee and, in particular, resolution 2443 ()o<III) of 19 Decernber L968, by which the special Corntnittee was 6tabti6hed, and resolution 42/L6o D of I Decernber 1997, the latest resorution by which the General Asse!fibly renewed iEs mandate.

report covers the period from 4 Septenber 1992. the dat6 of the of the preceding report, to 26 August 19gg, The report is ba6ed on oral information received by the speciar comnittee through persons having first-hand experience of the human rights situation intestimonies oftlrritories, as the occupied well as written information gathered fron various source'. The special cormittee has serected, from among thege oral and written sources of, information, reLevant eacerpts and Eunnraries, which are reflected in the report. For the purpose of coLlecting oral testinoaies Ehe special committee organized hearings that were herct at Amman, Dat'a6cus. cairo ald Gereva. The special conmittee continud to monitor statements by nembers of the Government of rsrael reflect.iDg the poticy of that G:vernrnent in the occupied territories and reports on measures taken to impr.ement thab-policy. The special connittee noted the letters addressed to you and to the President of the security council tturing the period of this report ;elating to the mandate of the SPecial Connittee, circulated as documents of the Gereral A'sembly and the security council. The special corrunittee received information fron organizations and individuars on various aspects of the situation in the occupied territories.
adoption
The Goverrunent of Israel has lxoe changed it6 position with regard to the special conmittee in spite of the efforts rnarte iu that direction. The special comnittee benefited from the co-operaEio! of the Government' 0f tlte Arab Republic of Egypt, the Haahenite Kingdon of Jordan and the syriaq Arab Republic, and of the PaLestine Liberation OrgaaiBation in carrying out it6 mandate,

The present

New York

His Excellency Mr. Javier p6rez de Cu6llar Secretary-Gene ral of lhe United Nations

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In preparing its report the Special Coffnittee has attemptett !o Put before you a composiCe picEure of bhe reality in the occuPied territories as it affests the human rights of the civilian population. By the Prsent letcer the SPecial Cornrnittee wishes to alra$ your aeteution to a number of asPects that deaerve a
parcicular mentioD.

in the present rePor! refLects bhe dranatiq deterioration of the human rights situation in the occuPied territories sinc the beginning of the uprlsing of the Palestinian population against the occuPaEion.
The information contained The accunulation of frustrations sufferetl by the civilian population over the years as a resuLt of the persistent polic! of annexation and coloaization pursued by the Govrrunent of Israel i! the territories occupied in .Iune 1967, antl the hurniliation and suffering brought about by that poticy, were bound to Provoke a violent reaction on the part of the oppressed civitians. The restrictioas imposed in the framework of the "iron-fist policy" since 1985 anil the increasing determination of the young generation of Palestinians to oPpose the arbitrary rules set by the occupants had prepared the ground for such a confrontation. Thus, the explosion of violence sparkeat off by an incident in the Gaza StriP in December 198? quickly spread to the entire occupied cerritories, giving rise to what has eince been caLled the uprising against the oceupation. The uprising has been narkeal by a heavy toll of casualties anong the Palestinian populatsiol. Hundreds of civiliane have been killeal by securiEy forces, settlers, or under various other circumseances, The death toll has included casualties caused by shooting, beating, gas inhalation or elecerocution' Whlle several thousands of civilians hav been physically injured, the entire Palestinian population ha6 suffered as a result of the impLementation by the Israeli authorities of the policy of "force, pot{r and b1ow6". The day-to-day Llfe in hhe occupied territories since the start of the uprising has ben characterized by corsCant. utrrest and violenC clashes, sparing a1mo6t no single vilLage or localityi the now familiar patterD of disturbances usually includes detnonstrations, stone -chror,ing, cornmercial gtrikes otl the one hand, and the use of tear gas, clubs, rubber and live buttets. the inPosition of curfews and various econornic sanctions by the occupatiou authorities on the othr. Acts of aggressiou cornmitted by Israeli settlers again6t Palestinians have contributed to a f[rther deterioration in the climate of tension and terror prevailing in the occupied territories. Information and evidence collected by the Special Conmittee reveal other serious infringements of fundanental rights and freedoms, inclutling the arbitrary deportation of PalesEinians fron the occuPied territoriesi the illegal denolition of, houses used as a forn of collective punistment.t the severe linitatioDs on the freedom of expression, tending in particular to lirnit o! prevent. an adequate rnedia coverage of events reLated to the uprising; the qeneral cLosure of alf educational institutions for several months, resufting in the loss of an academic year for studerts and serious delays in the 6chool,ing of Palestinian chi ldren.

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situation ln tbe occupied terrltorles has engndered a considerable of atlrniniotratlve atd other forms of detettions. Several thousand Palestiniatrs, lncludirg mLaors, have been or continue to be detained in varlous prisons and dtention cntrs, sometimes evea inside fsrael itself, Many of theee cases illuBtrat th6 fact that lgal guarantees auch as the right. to fair trial are often d6tried to PaleetiDials, Furtbermore, this unprecedented increase in the prison populatioa bas alo aggravated the aLready critical colditiotrs of detertioa and the plight of tbe dtalaees.
The net'
amouat

The Special Coftnitte has eDdeavoured, rrithi! the constraints and f-restrictions funpoeed by the flnancial situatior of the United Nations, to provide in its reltort a faitlrful and accurate pictur of the hurna! rights situation Prevaililg in the occupied territori66. ltre tragic developmeDts that have cast their shados over the civilian popuratioa clearly illustrate the responsibtlity of the internatioaal conmunity, which so far has urfortuDately not be6u able to adopt effective rneasures to inprove the hunar rigbts sttuation of the Pale6tiaians under occupation. It i6 the sincere hope of the Special Connnitt6e that the present rePort may serve aE a rnana of assessing the gravity of the pllght of the clvilian populatlon in Ehe occupied territorles aDd the urgent need to irnprove its
sel

conditions.

pleaee accept, sir, ou behalf of my colleagues and on my orrn assuratrces of our highest coasideration.
Daya

behalf, the

of the Special Cormlttee to Investigate Israeli Practicea Affecting the Human Ri9ht6 of the Population of the OccuDied Territorles
Chairmau

R.

PERERA

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l.

INTRODUCTIOI{

1. Tbe spcial conmlttee to Inve6tigate tsraeli Practlces Affecting the llu[an Rigbte of, ihe eopulation of the Occupied Territories nas establ.isheal by the Ceaeral Assembly in resolutioa 2443 (XXIII) of 19 December 1968. By that resolution, the Assembly decidett to establish the special comrittee, cotnPosed of thre Menbar Statesi requested tbe Pr6idelt of the Assenbty to aPPoilt the nembers of the special Conmitt, requested the Governrneat of Israel to receive the sPecial Cormitt, to co-opcrate rith it and to faciLitate its $orki requstd the SPeclal Conmittee to report to the S6cretary-General as soon as posBible and whnever tbe need arose thrafteri and requested the Secretary-General to provide the SPecial Committee $ith all tho teceasary facilities for the performance of its task' Z. Ttre Special Connlttee is conposed as follors: Mr. Daya R. Perera, PermaseDt Representatlve of sri Lanta to the u|tlted Nations, chairmali Mr. Alloun sene, Ambassador of Senegal at Bern and Permatrent RePreselEative of Seleqal to the United Nations Office at Gneva, Mr. Dragatr Jovanic. Iugoslavia.
Mr. A. A. M. Marleel atteDded as the rePre6entative of srl

3.

At the rneetings of the Special

Cotnmittee

held from 18 to 21 January
Lanka.

1988

4.

since october 1970, the Special cormittee has subnittetl 19 rePorts' l/ thos reports rere diacusseal in the Spscial Political Conrnittee, which then rePortcd to th; Getreral Assrnbly. Z/ o! the recorneldatios of the special Political comnlteeg, the As6en6ly aalopteal re6oLutiot6 27 27 lffil, of 15 Decmber 1970, 2851 (:EXVI ) Of 20 Decenber 19?1, 3OOS (xlntll ) of l'5 Dece$bet L972, 3092 A and B (lcKvIII) of ? Decmber 1973, 3240 A to C (lCtIX) of 29 November !974. 3525 A to D (x$<) of 15 Decernber 19?5, 3l/106 A to D of 16 December t976, 32/9L A to C of 13 December f977, 33/Lff A to C of 18 December 1978, 34/90 A to C of 12 December f979, 35/t22 A to F of 11 December 1980, 36r'147 A to G of 16 December 198r, 3?/88 A to G of 10 December 1982' 38/79 A to H of 15 December 1983, 39/95 A to Il of 14 Decembr 1984, 40/161 A to G of 16 December 1985, 41163 A to G of 3 Decembr 1986 and 42/L60 A to G of

I

Decembr 1987.

The Presnt rePort has been prepared in accordance with General Aesenbly resolutions 2443 (XI(III). 2546 (ICXIV), 2727 (#Il. 2S5r (ro<VI)' 3005 (EKVII), 3092 B (K!(VIII), 3240 A atrtt C (FrIx), 3s25 A and C (:co{), 31/106 c and D' 32l9L and C, 33/113 C, 34/gO A to C, 1S/L22 C, 36/147 C, 37/88 C' 38/79 D, 39/95 D' 4O/L6! D, 41/63 D and 421160 D.

5.

B

II.

ORCATIIZATION OF

WORK

6, The Special Cormittee coatinued its work under the ru166 of Procedure cont.ained itr ita firet report to the Sec retary-General . 3/ Mr. Marleen acted as Chairman f,or the first series of meetitrgs. At its scond series of neetings, fronr t8 May to 2 itune 1908, the SPeclaI Comnittee elected as its Chairmau Mr. Daya R. Perera, who hae succeeded Mr. wljesardane as rePreseltatlve of Sri Lanka on th Speclal Comnittee,

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7.

The Special Corut|ittee he]d the first of its series of neetings from 18 to 21 January 1988 at Geneva, At those meetings the Spcial Conanittee revie{ed its mandate colsequent upon the adopeion by Ehe ceneral Assembly of resolution 42/t6O D, By that. resolucion, the General Assenblyl

"17. Reglreats the Special Conmittee, peDtting th early termiration of Israeli occuPati.on, to concLnue to invetigate Iaraeli pollcies atd practices in the Arab trritories occupied by Israel sioce 196?, Eg coDsult, as appropriaEe, with the ltrterratiooal Cofinnittee of the Red Cros6 ln order to n6ure the safeguarding of th welfare alld hunan rights of the poputation of the occupied territories and to report to the Secretary-General as soon a6 possible a[d
whenever the leed arises thereafter',,

8. The SPeciaI Comnittee tlecided to continue its system of motritoriDg information on the occupied territorles atd, in rference to paragraph 18, of resolution 42/L6O D, to pay apecial attention to information on treattnent of civilians in detention. The Special Comnittee examined infornaEion on the situation in the occupied territories for the period conmencing with the date of the adoption of its report to the Geueral Assembly (A/42/6501 on 4 September 1987. ft had a nunber of connunication6 addressed to it by Goverrunents, organizations and individuals in connection with its maldate, The special corunittee took aote of aeveral letters addressed to it by the Pernalent Representative of .tordan ald by the permanent observer of the Palestine Liberation Organization on natters related to its report. 9. On Lg ,January 1988, the Chairman of Che Spcial. Conmittee addressed a cabl to the Secret.ary-General appealing to hin to briug to the Israeli authorities the expression of concern of the special cornmlttee in view of the illegal deportation from Ehe occupid territories of four palestinian6 and tbe pLanned deportation of five others. The sPecial Corntnittee also decitld upolr the organization of its worl for the year. It agreed to address itself to th GoverDmeDts of Egypt, Jordan atrd the SyriaD Arab Republic with a view to se6t(ing ttreir co-operation in the inPlenercation of its maadate. the Special cornmittee also agreed Eo addross itself to the Palestile Liberation Organization and to Ehe Intertatlotal Committee of the Red Cross. Finally, the Special Committee decided tha! aC its nert series of meetings it *oultl uDdertake hearings in tbe area for the purpose of recording reLevant information or evidence. of tbe Govermnent of Israel. 10. On 21 .tanuary 1988, the Spcial Coml|ittee addressed a leteer to the Secretary-General seeting his intervention in an effort to ecure the co-operation

11. On 21 January 1988, the Special Comnitt.ee addressed a teEter to Lhe permanent RePresentatives of Egypt. Jordan and the Syrian Arab Republic to the United Nations at Geneva, in which it reguested their co-operation and informed then of the intentioD of the Special Conmittee to conduct hearings in their respective countries. L2. Sinilar letters were addressed to the Palestine Liberaeion Orqanization the International Cornmittee of the Red Cross.
and

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L3, The Governments of Egypt, Jordan and the Syrian Arab Republic subsequently responded to the Special Conmit.tee, reconfirning their readiness to continue co-operabing with it. 14. On 6 May 1988, the Chairtnan of the Special Comrnittee addressed a cable to tbe Minisher for Foreign Affairs of Israel in which he conveyed to hin the deeP concern of the Special" Cornnittee regarding the illegal deportation of eight Palestinians on 1I April 1988, eight more on 20 April and the planned dePortation of four others. 15. The Special Conmittee held a series of meetings at Geneva (18-19 May 19Sg), Anman (21-24 May 1988), Danascus (25-27 r"lay 1988) and cairo (29 May-l June 1988). At these meetings, the SPecial. Corunittee examined information on develoPrnencs occurring in the occupied territories bebnreen December 1987 and April 1988. It had before it a nunber of cornrnunications addressetl to it by Governments. organizations and individuals in connection with its mandate. The SpeciaL Conmittee took note of severaL fetters addressed to iL by the Permanent RePresentatives of Egypt and Jordan and by the Pernanent Observer of the Pafestine Liberation Organization on matters related to its report. At Amnan, Danascus and Cairo the Special Conrnittee heard testimonies of persons just returned from or living in the wesc Bank, the Gaza Strip and the Syrian territory unaler occupation concerning the situatiou in those territories. 16. At Anman the Special Committee vtas received by the Minister for Foreign Affairs, Mr. Taher A]-Masryi the Minister for occuPied Territories Affaj.rs. Mr. Marwan Dudini and the Unde r-Sec retary, Ministry of La.bour of the Hashenite Kingdon of Jordan, Mr. Saleh Al-Khasawneh. The SPecial Committee l.tas Presented with reports on the situaLior in the occupied territories prepared by the various miuistries and orgaDizations and it discussed various aspects of its nandate in the Durinq its stay at Anrnan Lhe course of its meetings with the resPective officiafs. wittr Sheikh Sayegh, President of the Pafesti'nian Nalional Special Conmittee net Council, and with Mr. zuhdi sa'id. Di rector -Gene r al of Lhe Departnent of occuPied Territories Affairs of the Palestine Liberation Organization, who Presented Lhe special committee with a numbex of reports and statistics on the situation in the The SpeciaL Conmittee also receiveal from the DePartment of occupied territories, Education andl Higher Studies of the Palestine Liberation Organization a series of reports and statistics on that situation. 17. Ab Damascus the Special Comnittee was received by the Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Syrian Arab Republic, Mr. Farouk Al-Shara. It also conducted consultations lrith Mr. Dia Ef-Fattal. Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs. During its stay in the Syrian Arab Republic the Special committee visited the town of Quneitra, where it met vtith the Deputy Governor of Ouneit.ra Province. It afso visited the village of Hanadiya and rnet officials of that vil1age. 18. At Cairo the Specj.al Connittee was received by the Director, Department for Pal.estine Affairs, of the Ministry oi Foreign Affairs, Mr. Farnawany. It also met Major-General Kazim salan zenati, Governor -Gene ral of the Gaza strip. The special Comnittee was presentecl with reports on the situation in the Gaza StriP. During its stay at Cai!o. the Special Corunittee also visited the Palestinian Red Crescent Hospital where it met Di. F. Arafat. Chaiman of the Pal.estinian Red Crescent.

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19. The special comrnittee met again at Geneva ftom zz to 26 August 19gg. Ab these neetings, the special corunittee eaamined information on dever.opments occurring in the occupied territories fron April to August 1999. It had before it a number of cornmunications addressed to ir by Governrnent.s, organizations and individuals in connection $i.th its nandate, as well as records of testimonies collected during its previous series of meet.ings. The speciar. cornmittee took note of severa] retters addressed to it by the Permanent Representatives of Jordan and the Syrian Arab Republic and by the Permanent Observer of the Patestine tiberation Organization on matters related to iLs mandace. The special- conmit.tee also heard testinonies of Persons recenlly exPe.lfed from the occupied territories. It er.amined and conp.leted the present report on 26 August 19g9. III.
MANDATE

20. The cenera] Assembly, in its resoLution 2443 (F<III) entitleal ,,Respect for and inplementat.ion of hwnan rights in occupied territories", decided to establish a special committee to rnvestigate rsrael.i practices Affecting the Hunan Rights of the Populat.ion of the Occupied Territories, composed of three Member States. 2l' The nandate of the speciar conunittee. as set out in the above reso.lution and subsequenc resolutions, was "to investigate rsraeli practices affecting the human rights of the population of the occupied territories',. 22. In interpret.ing its mandate, the Speciat Committee deternined that: (a) The territories to be considered as occupied territories referred to the areas under Israeli occupation, namely. the Golan Heights (Syrian territory under occupat.ion), the West Bark (including East Jerusalem), the caza Strip and the Sinai PeniDsula. Folfowing the inplementaLion of the EgyptiaD-Israeli AgreernenC on Disengagenent of Forces of 18 .tanuary 1974 antt the Agreement on DisengagenenE between Israeli and Syrian Forces of 3l May 1974, the denarcatidn of the areas under occupation was altered as indicated in the maps attached to those agreements. The areas of Egyptian terri.tory under Israeli nilitary occupation were further modified in accordance with the Treaty of peace between the Arab Republic of Egypt and the State of Israel, which was signed on 26 March 1979 and came into force on 25 April 1979. On 25 April 1982, the Egyptian territory renaiDing under rsraeli military occupatio! was restituted to the Government of Egypt in accordance with the provisions of the aforenenLioned agreement. Thus, for the purposes of the present report, the territories to be considered as occupied territories are those renaining under Israeli occupation, namely, the cofan Heights (Syrian terrrrory under occupation), the West Bank (including East Jerusal-em) and Lhe caza Strip; (b) The persons covered by resofution 2443 (xxlII) and therefore the subject of the investiqation of the Special Committee were the civilian popul.ation residing in the areas occuPied as a result of the hostilities of June 1967 and those persans normall.y residenl in the areas that 'ere under occupat.ion but who had left those areas because of the hostilities. However. the Committee not-ed that resolution 2443 (XXIII) referred to the "population" without any qua.lification as to any seqment of the inhabitants of the occupied t.eiritoriesi

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(c) The "human rights" of the poPulation of the occuPied territories consisted of two elements. nanely. those rights which the Security Council referred bo as "essential and inalienable human rights" in its resolution 237 (1s67) of 14 .Iune 1967 and, secondly, those rights which found their basis in the Protection afforded by international law in particular circumstances such as military occupation and, in the case of prisoners of war. caPture' In accoldance ltith reaolution 3OO5 (hWII), the Special Conmittee was also requiretl to investigate altegations concerning the expl"oitation and the looting of the resources of the occupied territoriesi the pillaging of the archaeologicat and cultural herilage of the occupied territoriesi and inCerference in the freedon of worshiP in the Holy Places of the occupied territories; (d) The "policies" and "practices" affecting hunan rights that came within the scope of investigation by the SPecial CorunitEee referred, in the ca6e of "po1icie6", lo any course of action consciously adoPted and Pursued by che Governnent of Israel as part of its declared or undeclared intentt wttile "practices" referred to tho6e actions vthich, irresPective of whether or not they were in implernentation of a policy, reflect.ed a pat.tern of behaviour on the Part of the Israeli authorities towards lhe civilian PoPulation in the occupied areas' The geographical names enployed in the present repott reflect the usage in the origiual source and do not imply the exPression of any opinion whatsoever on tlte part of the secretariat of the united Nations. 23, Since its inception the Speciaf ComnitEee has relied oD the foLLowing international irstr!.ments in interpreting aud carrying out its mandate: (a) The Charter of the Unitetl Nationsi (b) The Uriversal. Declaration of Ilunan Rightst (c) The ceneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Tirne of War. of 12 August 1949, g/ (d) The Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War. of 12 August L949t 5/ (e) The Hague Convention for the Probection of Cultural ProPerty in the Event of Arned Confl-ict, of 14 May 1954, 6/ (f) The Hague Conventions War on Landt 1/ of 1899 and 1907 resPecting the Laws and Customs of
t.be

(S) The Internationat Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and Internat.ional Covenant on Economic, Social and Cullural Riqhts' q/

24. The Special Committee has also ref iecl on those resolutions relevant to bhe situation of civiliaus in the occupied territories adoPted by United Nations organs, the General Assenbly, the Security Council, the Econonic and Social Council

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and the Commission on Human Rights. as rrell as ttre relevant resofutions of United Nations EducationaL, Scientific and Cultural Organization. the worldthe Health Organization and the International Labour Orqanisation.

IV.

]NTORMATION AND EVIDENCE RECEIVED BY TI{E SPECIAL COMMITTEE

25. In the course of carrying out its mandate, the Special Connittee has relied the following sources: (a) The testimony of persors with first_hand knowledge of the situation of the population in the occupied territoriesi

on

(b) Reports in the Israeli press of pronouncements by respoasibLe persons iu the Government of I s rael; (c) Reports appearing in other news media, including the Arab published in the occupied territories in Israel and the internationallanguage press Dress.
The Special Committee received writ.ten statements from the Governrnents of Egypt, Jordan and the syrian Arab Repubric, a,,d from the parestine Liberation organization. The covernrnent of Egypt has provided the speciat corunittee lrith infornati.on on the situation in the-Gaza stlip. The Government of the syrian Arab Republic has provided the Speciar coruniltee lrith information on the situation in the Syrian territorl' under occupation. The Goverrulent of Jordan and the palestine Liberation Organization have provided the Special Connittee with various nonthly and other reports on the si.tuation in the occupied territories. rn addition, the Special conmittee received writteu information from inte rgove rnmental organizations such as relevant specialized agencies and regional organizations, as well as non-g.ve rntnental .rganizations and individuar.s on the situation in the occupied

territori.es.

26. The Special Committee undertook a series of hearings at Amman, Danascus and Cairo during its rneetings from 20 May to I ,tune 198g. At these meetings, the special comnittee heard the testimony of persons having a first-hand knowledge of the human rights situation existing in the occupied territories. These testinonies are contained in documents A,/Ac.r45lRT.480 to 488 and RT.491 and 492, and are reflected below. During its meetings hetd aC ceneva from 22 to 26 August 19g8, the SPecial Conmittee heard the testinony of persons recently erpelled from the occupied Lerritories. These testirnonies are contained in documents A,/AC.145,/RT.494 to 496, and are reflected be1ow. 27. The Special Conrnittee has taken particular care to rely on information appearing in the Israefi press that has not been contradicted by the Government of Israel or that is cornnon y considered as reliable by the Government. 28. In the course of carrying out its mandate. the Speciat Committee has taken note of information reaching it through a variety of sources, such as individuals, organizations and Governments. At its meetings, the Commit.tee had before it several communications addressed to it, direct.lv or referred to it bv the

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Sec

retary-General / from sources insitle the occupied territories, as well as frotn several parts of the worLd. Where nece6sary, the Corunittee has foLfowed uP infornation contained in bhese cornmunications '
summary

29. The following ParagraPhs contain a Special Connittee dividetl as f,ollowsl (a) ceneral s i Euat.ion;

of the inforrnation examined by the

(b) Administrat.ion of justice, including the right to fair trial; (c) Treatment of civilians, (d) Treatment of det.aineesi (e) Annesation and settlementsi (f) Infornation concerning Syrian t.erritory uader occuPation. 30. This information has been divided into oraf evidence and $ritten informatiou. In order to comply rith restrictions on the volll]ne of documentation now enjoined upon united Nations reports, the special committee has endeavoured to present this information in the most compact and concise form Possible. Oral evidence' for which a full record of testimonies is available in docunents Alac.145/RT.480 to 4g8. RT'491 antl 492 and RT'494 to 496, has been condensed to a general indication of the contents of such records. The report also attenpts to summarize written infornation. This infornation is reflected in more detail in docutnents of the Special committee chat are available on file at the Secretariat. A, General situation 1. The uprising of the Palestinian poputaEion aqainst the occupatj.on 31. During the period between septenber and Decenber 1987, the Special comnitLee continued to receive, as in previous years but on an even wider sca1e, rePorts of various incidents appearing in the Press and reflecting the climate of tension prevailing in the territories. Thi.s period was narked by numerous incidents such as violent demonstrations, arned clashes, shootings .teading in some instances to serious injuries and killings. the throqing of petrol bonbs and grenades, business refugee camPs and universities in anal school strikes. in various towns' localities, the west Bank aDd the Gaza Stri.p. 32. On 8 December 1987, an inqident occurred in the Gaza Strip. which, in retrospect, appears to have been the first of a long series of disturbatrces in the occupied territories, which have invo]ved loss of life and violence on a farge and constant scale and which have since conmoDLy been referred to as an uprising' In view of this deterioration of the situation, the plesent section aEtenPts to provide a generaf account of the rnain Poiicy developments and daily disturbauces characterizing the upr i s ing. including fundanental freedonsi

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(a) General deveLopments and policy statements Written information 33. on 8 December 1997, three Gaza strip residents were kifled in a car accident at the Erez check-Point, involving an Israefi truck whose driver coltided with two vans taking workers back to the Gaza strip from rsrael. seven people were injured in the accident, sone of then critically. The victims were named as Issa Matunoud Hamuda, 29, Kanal Hanuda, 23. and Mabnud Abu-Maaali. (Ha'aretz. Jerusalem Post, 9 Decernber 1997) 34. On g December 1987, riots broke out in the .tabaLya refugee canp and aroutd the Shifa hospital ilr Gaza. According to the Southern Region Conmander, Al-uf (Maj.-cen. ) Yitzhak Mordekhai, the riots were triggerett off by the road accident on 8 Decenber 1997. which, local lesidents alleged, tras caused deliberately by the Lruck driver, as welf as by the expulsion frorn the region of the locar rsLamic Jihad leader, sheikh Abttul Aziz oudeh. (Ha'aretz, Jerusarem
1987
)

PosL, 10 December

35. On 11 Decembey lggj, army and border police reinforcements were sent to Lhe territories to deaf with the escalating riots. senior military sources described the riots in the territories as a "civir uprising", at a fevel unprecedented in recent years. (Ha'aretz, Jerusalem post, 13 Decenbex 1gg7)
depolted or placed under adninistlabive detention, provided fsriefi ieqaf procedures were followed. According to an ,,authoritative source,', the defence establishnent decided to use "every tegitimate means to the fultest exbent" to maintain law and order in the terrihories. rt was reported that, in addition to punitive measures bhat would focus oD "known inciters," new lneasures woufd be adopted that would include a mir.itary presence even larger than the fiveford increase deployed at presenti depfol'rnen! of top-eche.lon troops ab sensitive spots; a deepening of intelrigence efforts, both to precfuale riots and to isor.ate trouble-nakers; and more extensive use of non-lethal neans, such as watercannon. (Ha'aretz, JerusaLem post, 23 December 19g7)

36. On 22 Decenber 1987. Defence Minister Rabin said duriDg a tour of the West Bank and the caza Strip that there was no limit on how rnany people might be

37. On 1 January 1988, the twenty-fourth anniversary of fatah, it vras reported that thousands of Israeli Defence Force (IDF) troops that were depfoyed in the west Bank and lhe Gaza SLrip had been placed on high alert and instructecl to intervene inmediately and forcefully to th$rart any disturbances. The IDF deputy chief of operations, T,/A (Brig._Gen. ) Giora Rom said in a briefing for the foreign Press that the IDF had doubled the number of troops in the West Bank and tripled the number in the Gaza Strip. Troops had afready receiveal additionaL rubber bullets, tear gas, plastic shields and.clubs, as well as fire trucks for spraying water. (Jerusalem Post, 1 January 19Bg) 38. On 10 January 1988, it was reported that, at a meeting he]d between Defence Minister Rabin, Chief of Staff Dan Shomron, southern Region Commander Yitzhak Mordekhai and the Co-ordinator of Activities in the Territories,

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disturbance6. It was also rePorted that, for the first tine since the outbreak of disturbances iu the territories, leaftets, signed by a "PoPutar coffnictee for Lhe CivilUprising"weredistributedinlheJerusalemareacallingonthePoPulationto boycott all fsraeli Products and to disobey curfee orders' Also for the fir6t tine, IDF armoured Personnel carriers patrolled in a nunber of refugee camPs' (tta'aretE, Jerusalem Post, 10 January 1988) 39. Ou 11 .tanuary L988, it was reported that IDF helicopters started dropping tear-gas canisters in sone refugee canPs to disperse dernonstrators' Local residents claimed chat a new roin or gas, causing nausea aDd dizziness' was beinq used, but bhe IDF ttenied the alfegation. (Ha'aretz, Jerusalem Post'
1.1

January 1988)

40. on 12 January 1988, mititary sources reported that since bhe outbreak of unrest in the territories on 9 Decembef 1987 60 IDF soldiers had beer injured in the exercise of their dut.iesi 55 wefe iujured fron stones thrown at them. sone 37 sofdiers were injured in the west Bank and 23 in the Gaza strip. During the same period 10 west Bank residents were killed and 73 were injured; in the Eight hun'lred and Gaza Strip 23 local residents were ki.lled and 183 were injured' Strip residents were arreste'l' eighteen West Bank residents and 691 Gaza fhirty-seven Israeli civilians were injuretl in the west Bank' anal three in the Gaza strip. Some 1,259 "vioLent incidents" were rePolted in the west Bank in which IDF soldiers were involved, and 419 such incidents occulred in the Gaza striP' ln 92 cases in the west Bank and 55 in the Gaza strip, local residents used weaPons, both firearns and "cold weapons". It was also reported tha! a spokesman for the United Nations Relief and works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (lrNRWA) said the Agency had very serious Problems in supplying food to the refugee canps owing to the Prolonged curfews. (Ha'aretz, 13 January 1988) 4L, on 13 January 1988' the Inner cabinet approved IDF ProPosafs for dealing with the disturbances, incLuding the expanded use of curfer*s' The ninisters rePoltedly approved pfans to reduce the number of casualties among tlemonstrators' as well as ttre purcfrise of nev, riot-dispersal gear for soldiers in Lhe territories and of with the water-cannon trucks and the itationing of additionat policemen to 'leal (Jerusalem Post, 14 January 1988) unrest in EasL .lerusafem. 42. on 19 .tanuary 1988. it was rePortecl that IDF sofdiers in the vlest Bank had been instructed to "charge the protesters and treat them severely' Soldiers should try to capture the leacters of the dernonstration or disturbance' beat them and detain then". According to a senior nilitary officiaf in the territories the beaten youths were the ',message transmitted by the IDF to inhabitants participating in disturbances"' At the sane tine soldiers were given slrict instructions resLricting the use of tive arnnunition. On 19 January 1988. Defence l'tinister Rabin declared that violent demonstrations would be preventecl with "force' power an'l blows"' (Ha'aretE, Jerusalen Post, 19 and 20 January 1988)

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43' on 2l January 198B. it was reported that the new poficy of beating proresrers was already being applied and tbat hospitals in the tlest BaDk and GaEa Strip were fuLL of persons with serious injuries caused by club beatings. (lla'aretz, Jerusalem Post, 21 January 19gg) 44. On 21 January 1988, it was reported that the commander of the Jerusalen police was given the responsibility to irnpose curfews on certain aleas in case of disturbances. (Attalia. 21 January lggB) 45, On 25 ,January 1988, Defe'ce Minister Rabin told reporters that the policy of beating demonstrators had been introduced on 4 or 5 January 19gg. Mr. Rabin stressed that beatings should stop when a detainee was caught. No force should be used when entering a home to nake an arrest, unless the soldiers met resistance in the house. soldiers should Dot beat shopkeepers to force then to open their shops or to punish shopkeepers for keeping them closed. "There should not be bi.ows for the sake of blows". he said. He deseribed reports about beating detainees and innocent peoPle as "exceptions", and said he was concerned about them. (Ha'aretz, Jerusalem Post, 26 January 1989) 46. on 26 January 1988, Defence Minister Rabin tord the KDesset Foreign Affails and Defence Conmittee that over gO per cent of Pa.lestinians t'ho had been beaten had acted violently or had offered violent resistance to the security forces. ',The present policy of conbining force, imposition of curfews, initiative and charging protesters without opening fire, but with using force, including beatings, has so far proved to be very efficient. No one was killed anong them, or among us. We shall start deploying reserve f,orces -in the territories. we sharr, persevere with this policy until. we reach caln,', Mr. Rabin said. (Ha,aretz, 27 January 1988) 47. On 1 February 1988, the Israeli Defence Minister declared that IDF rroop Presetlce in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip lroulal be stepped up in order ro restore calm in the territories. The Israeli Minister of police, Hairn Barlev, also announced the need to increase the police force by 600 and for new anti-riot equipment. (Attalia. 4 February 1988) 48. On 12 February 1988, it was reported that. the Jerusafem police had adopted a policy of "rnuch harsher neasures', to bring an end to the riots in the city. It was reported that police would atso resort t.o the imposition of curfews in and around Jerusalem. (Ha,aretz, 12 February 19gB)
new

49. On 23 February 1988, it was reported that the IDF had been drafting West settlers to help police the territories. The settlers reportedly served on a voluntary basis and vrere subject to nilit.ary disciptine. iJerusalem posE,
23 February
1988
)

Bank

50. On 23 February 1988, a .let.ter frorn Chief of Staff Maj.-Gen. Dan Shomron was distributed to all IDF conmanders in the territories, containing guidelines for the use of force. The letter ernphasized that ,'under no circumstaDces should force be used as a neans of punishment,', and that ,'no st.eps should be taken to humiliate or abuse the loca.l- popufation, nor should property be intentionalfy clamaged,,. (Jerusalen Post, 24 february 19Bg)

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5l.on24Februarylgss,DefenceMinisterRabintoldtheK/lessetPoreignAffairs in and Defence Corunittee that the neans used by the IDF to deal vtith the uprising control of funds coming into the the territories should inctude massive arrests and He said force. rubber bullets, tear gas and beating would continue to territories. be used against Protesters. (Attalia, 25 February 1988) 52, On 28 February 1988, it was rePorted that Arab residents of the territories would henceforward be able to compLain at any Police station about injuries or damages caused by soldiers. Such cornplaints would be transferred to the inveitigating Military Police for investigation. (Ha'aretz' 28 February 1988) 53. on 4 March L988, a senior nililary official in the tertitories was rePorted estimaEing that the policy of beating hact Proved itself, and tha! thanks to this poficy the IDf haat regained the Power of deterrence that it had lost durinq the monbhprececlingtheadoPtionofthatpolicy''.weresortedtoforcebeforea6well, but now we also talk about it antl this oPen talk restores the soldiers' seL f-conf idence. vrhich they had lost during the preceding period"' the official said. (Ha'aretz, 4 March 1988)
as

54. On 14 March 1988, it was rePorted that 450 Arab policemen serving in the territories haat aLready resigned and that many more had announced their intention to resign in the coning days. Police sources said that the Israeli police would Police reduce its services to the locaf population in the territories' have to adaPt itself to ttte new I nspecto r -Gene ral Haim Kraus said the Police would sitqation. Sorne potice stations in the territories would have to be closed' and there would be serious deLays in the handling of crininaL complaints and traffic violations. police vroufd c;ncentrate their efforts on dealinq with complaints by the Jewish settlers. cornplaints by Arab residents would be ttealt with "vtith a Iower priority", he said. (qa'aretz, 14 March 1q8B) 55' on 20 March !.988' it was rePorted that the secuxif,y authorities had decided lo outlaw the Shabiba youth movenent' vthich $as a Fatah-inspired movenent ' shabiba activiscs wouLd be arrested and trietl' Following that decision hundreds of suspected nembers of the Shabiba were arrested and youth clubs believed to be Shabiba centres were closed down by administrative orders' (Ha'aretz'
20 March 1989)

56. On 20 March 1988, Defence Minister Rabin told the cabinet that standing orders on the use of five anmunition in the territories had been changed to Permit soldiers to shoot alirecEly at rioters who attacked them with Petrol bonbs' soldiers could shoot at their attackers only if they could itlentify them' Rabin said. On 22 March 1988, the Defence Minister said at the Knesset Foreign Affairs and Defence Committee that settl.ers could also shoot at persotls throving Petrol bombs at then. Following that declaration a sPokesnan for the Defence Ministxy "In order to avoid ni sunder s tanding, published the following clarification: civilians who come under attack nay shoot only in cases of danger to their lives' and as long as such a danger exists. If there is a possibility of delivering oneself from that danger' or after a danger no lonqer exists' the permission is no lonqer valid". (Ha'aretz, 23 March 1988)

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57. On 28 March 1996, it rras decided to step up contro.t of identity cards, iving-L icences and car J.icences held by re;idents. persons wtro woula not carry valid docurnents would be punished according to the Minister Rabin sai. the punishnent in the ie.titoties law. on 29 March 19gg, Defence rnight be further extended to include an erpanded use of curfews, sealing of localities, arrests and ban of travel to Israel for work, ',without which lhey have no economic existence,,, according Eo Mr. Rabin. (Ha,aretz, z9_30 Mar;h rgBB) 58' on 24 April 1998, Defence Minister Rabin reported at the cabinet rneetrng that :*::. th9 beginning of the lrave of unrest in the territories 165 Arabs had been kilted, 147 0f thetn by the rDr and the rest ,,in the of accounts or unsolved cases of areath". A tot.al of framework of internal settling 1,700 in administrative detention. Further detairs 4,goo were detained, incr.uding on the nurnber of casuarties in the.territories were given on J-0 May 19gg. According to data attributable to nilitary sources and updated to g May 198g. with regard to the nunber of deaths, and to 4 May 1988, lrith regard to the nunber and detained, the figures vere the foll0wing: 15o.Arabs were kilfed byof injured forces (105 security in the west Bank and 44 in the caza strip). The death circu--stances of 1g others were stirl under exanination and 25 were killed in various uprising' including 'thers kirled by settlers. sonecircumstances related to the sorne nrho or beating and at least two who were electrocuted whendied after tear-gas poisonirg they climbed up electricity Pylons to unfurl or remove palestine flags. Sone I,410 Arabs lrere injure., 919 in incidents in the west Bank and 491 in thJ caza Strip. These figures inclutted Persons injured from beating, gas, shooting and other injuries. The nunber Persons was reported as 7,525, of whorn abouc one third had atready of, been -det.ained reLeased. Sorne 5.311 were detained in the,{est Bank and 2,214 ia lhe Gaza Strip. No official figures were given regarding a&ninistrat.ive detainees, but their nunber was estinated at 1,ZOO. (Ha,aretz, 24 April anal IO May 1988) 59' on 3 May 1988, it was reported that 30 poricernen from Gaza who had earr.ier ::"igl:d fron their poses returned to work, Over the previous 2 weeks some 80 policemen' including 5 porice officers, returned t.o their posts. According to some of the policeme!, their return to lrork was prompteat by threats fron their .tewish conrnanders that they coulal go Lo jail un.less they returned to work. (Ha'aretz, Jerusalen Fost, 3 May 19gg)
dr

60. On 15 May 1988, it was reported that the Attorney-cene ral , yosef Harish, accePted a proposal by the police to estabrish new the authority' rules and restrictions for the entryemergency regulations concerning of poficenen to private homes and courtyards in the territories, in order to set up observation ancl guard posts. (Ha'aretz, 15 May 1988 ) 61' on 16 May 1988, ic was reported that a for a generar feaf]et No. 16 of the underground leadershipcalr the uprising, strike, incruded in of was generalll, observed throughout the territories. rt was atso reported that popular cornmittees continued functioning in various l.calities in order to "deepen the Palestinian society from the Israeli adrnini s tration,, . Thus,the cutting off of inprovised classes were organized by "nationar.ist activists" and ornen to repr.ace the cr.osed-off 6choo1s. (Ha'aretz, 16 May 1988)

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62. On 30 May 1988, it was rePorted that, for the first tine since the beqinning of the uprising in the territories. Defence Minister Rabin met in his office in Te1 Aviv with four public figures fron Nablus to discuss the situation in hhe West Bank. The neeting, ithich was held on 26 May 1988, was 6aid to be socret' but it was learnt that the participants were Dr. Haten Abu Ghazaleh. a former city councillor under dePosed Mayor Bassarn Shak'ai two menbers of, the current city council, Izzat AluI and Ibrahim Abdel Hadi, and Hussain Abtle I Hadi' a nembef, of the board of trusLees of Al-Najah University. on 30 May 1988, Defence Minister Rabin net with four pro-.tordanian personalities! othman Eallak of Jerusalern' editor of the Al-Nahar newspaperi Hanna Nasser of Bethlehern, Chairrnan of the Jerusalen District Electricity ComPany, Dr' Yasser obei<t, deputy director of, the Raflallah Goverrunent HosPitaL, and Nairn Khoury. a BaPtist bishop frorn Bethlehem' (lla'aretz' Jerusalen Post, 30 and 31 May 1988) 63. On 1 .lune 1988, it was rePorted that Defence Minister Rabin had told the Knesset Foreign Affairs and Defence Conunittee that the economic Pressure exerted on the Palestinian population, as well as the mass arrests. vrere the Principal elements contributing to what he described as an "attrition in lhe Arab population's motivation" to Pursue the uprising. He said there was a decrease in the number of violent demonstrations and setting up of barricades, but there was an increase in petrol-bornb attacks and Planting of improvised charges' Mr' Rabin stated that Ehere was no "civil disobedience" in the sense of "detachmeflt from the rnilitary government's services,. On the contrary, Gaza residents continued to apply for new identity cards and the PoPulation needed tsheir jobs in Israel' Mr. Rabin added that he oPPosed the idea of hotding elections for mayors in the IIe afso said that soldiers rrere authorized to oPen fire at territoties, petrol-bonb throwers. Tho6e caught doing 60 woulal be Punished and bheir houses would be demolished, he said. At the same meeting MK Yossi sarid affirned thal according !o a gove rnmeut-is sued doclrment the Palestinian PoPuLation had suffered since the beginning of the uprising ancl until 1 May 1988 180 dead and 5,130 injured, and that 10,OOO Arabs were being detained' MK Sarid quoted a "senior official sourceri who reportedLy said in a closed meeting a week earlier that the abuse and hlunitiation were at Present the Principal cause of the rn another develoPment it continuing agitation and uPrising in the territories. was reported that the Chairman of, the Knesset Constitution and taw Committee decj.ded to invite Defence Minister Rabin to appear before the Conrnittee to discuss a proposal to subject administrative detentions in the territories to iudicial review again. (Ha'aretz, I June 1988) 64. On 1 June 1988. ie was reported that the IDF sPokesman, Brig.-Gen. Efrain LaPid, said at a press conference that it was decided at the IDF nol to oPen any inquiry into irregularities following conplaints by Arabs from the territories or newspaPer rePorts, unless such conPlaints were accomPanied by an (Ha'aretz. 1 June 1988) affidavit signed by the Ptaiutiff. 65, On I June 1988, the IDF spokesnan gave details about the nurnber of casualties in the territories since the outbreak of Lhe uprising' In the West Bank 130 Arabs irere kil1ed, includinE gq from IDF shooting and 31 in other circumstances' such as shooting by settlers or electrocution. In the Gaza StriP 58 were ki1led, including 53 from rDF shooting. According to infornation uPdated to 27 May 1988' 1'521 Arabs

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were injured in the territories: 1,003 in the west Bank and 5tB in the Gaza Strip. These figures concerned onl.y persons who were taken to hospilal and registered by the IDF. others r"po.tuOfy avoided ho6pi tal iz ation. According -Many ro the same report, during that. period one rsraeli soldier and one civilian _ a wonan - were killed. aad 346 soldiers (23i in Ehe West Bank and 109 in the Gaza strip) and 2r0 civilians (r97 i! the west Bank and 13 in Gaza) were injured. By 27 May 1988, 8,141 Arabs had been detained, S,?LS in the West Bank and 2,426 in Gaza, Most of then were still in detention. In a relat.ed developnent, MK Dedi Zucker said at the Knesset that since Decenber lgBZ 1,999 Arabs had been injured fron beatings with truacheons, causing breakilg of botres, 647 were injured from gas and 979 fron shooting. During the same period 44 houses were demolished without trial, leaving 6OO people honeiess. (Ha,aretz, 2 June 19g8)

66. On 5 June 1988, it was reported that the IDF had begun using a new sort non-lethal aflruni tio!-arurninium burr.ets. such bulrets were report.edry fired of at demonstrators fron distances of over 1oo netres, thus onJ.y injuring but not causing deaLh. (Ea,aretz, 5 June t98g) 67. On 10 June l9g8, a civil administration official, Major Daniel Danon, aPpointed head of the local council at the Bureij refugee camp. The move was the resignation of alL the council menbers due to threats to their liveE. foLlowed Major Danon and the 12 officers l'ho administered the council had reportedly co.Llected tens of thousands of shetets in taxes for residents who had earlier failed to pay talres. IIe added that his me! had started to electricity and nater, and ottrer rnuaicipal probLems. Four dear with probrens of other local councils were without a head of council, following resignations. IE lras also reporteal that the civil admiristration had so far chanfed idintity car,ars for oo,ooo iaza sc.ip residents. (Ha,areEz, 12 June l988) 68' on 14 June 1988, rules concerning ad.rnini strative deteutions nilitary judge, and no Longer an advisory board, started hearing were modified as appeats by detainees against their detelt.ion. (Balaretz, 15 June 19gB)
a

69' on 19 'June 1988, Defence Minister Rabin and chief of staff Dan shotnron said at the cabi4et session that rDF sofdiers in the territories had received instructi.ons to shoot at anyone holding a petrol botnb. They reported that had increased to become the nain probrem facin! tne rD' in thepetrol-bornb attacks territories. neasures adopted against petrol-bomb throwers were the sealing or denolition other of houses. (Ha'aretz, ZO June 198g) 7O. On 20 .lune 1988, the Association for Civil Rights in Israel (ACRI) presenteal its first annual report since the beginning of the uprising in the territ.ories. At a press conference held to mark the publishing of the report, ACRI officials said that a doubfe standard existed in the investifation punishrnent of Arabs o"lf: Settlers were given ,'ridiculous punistunents,,.and as sevelaL months and such of pub).ic service or suspended prison sentences for shooting and kilfing Arabs. In contrast' an Arab youth a! Haifa h'as recentLy sentenced to two in prison throwing a stone' sone 2,500 palestinians fiorn the territories years being he.rdfor were in adninistrative detention. while in previous years their number rras usual.ly no more than a fel.' dozens. The writ.ten,.poat.riti-"ized the overcrorddirxg and sanitary

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conditions in prisons where Arabs from the territories were held, and charged that the authorities had consistently failed to notify Prisoners' famiLies about their whereabouts. (Jerusalen Post, 2t June 1988) 71, on 7 Juty 1988, a ,'senior military source" in the central comrnand 6aid that the uprising in the territories would go on, in one forrn or another, for years, and that the IDF was getting organized on the ground according to that assumPtion' He added thats a reEurn to the conditions that prevailed until Decenber 1987 was impossible and that the nature of the IDF activity would have to remain, in the long run, in the present scope and Pattern. It was also reported that "PoPul'ar direction comnittees', had receatly become a }rell estabfished Phenomenon in the West Bank. These corunittees afso iucludeal "shock conmittees", designed to deal with those who violated dlirectives !o strike, 6hut shoPs or refrain f,ron going to work in Israel' Ilr Nabtus. poPular committees were rePortedly very active in every neighbourhood and persons were designaled as responsible in every slreet' with a view to ensuring fu11 cornpliance with the directives set out in the clandestiue leaflets. According to the rePort thi6 Phenonenon greatly Preoccupied the IDF' (Ha'aretz, I Juty 1988 ) 72, On 19 iluly 1988, it was reported that the civil adninistration in the West Bank inteqded to dismiss sone L,OO0 out of its 14'0OO Arab enployees. oltilrg to financiaf difficulties. A similar decision was recently taken in the civil administration in the Gaza Strip. According to the report. oo IsraeLi ernPloyees of the civil administration would be affected bv the decision, for the titne being' (Ha'aretz, I9 July 1988 ) 73, On 24 July 1988, it vras reported that according to the IDF sPokesman 177 Arab lesidents of the territories had been kil]ed fron IDF shooting since the beginninq of the uprising. Arab sources said the number of victins reached 203 and that, in addition, 57 died as a resuLE of inhaling gas, 18 fron beating and electrocution and 22 in other, unclear circumstances. In the same context, it vtas rePorted on 25 Juli 1988 that the DePuty Chief of Staff of the IDF, Maj.-Gen' Ehud Barak said that 1?o Arabs had been killed from IDF shooting and 4l- in "other circunstances", alrd that thousands had been injured and hospitalized. (Ha'aretz, 24-25 July 1988) 74. On 7 August 1988, IDF sources were rePorted as saying that a total of 183 Palestinians had been killed and attout 2,100 nounded bY IDF gunfire in approximately 13.750 incidents since the beginning of the uprising in Decenber 1987. About 5,500 were gaoled. According to the same sources 456 soldiers and 282 .Iewistr civifians were injured in the territories during that period. (Jerusalen Post, 7 August 1988) 75. On 15 August 1988, it vras reported that the civil administration in the territories intended to act against any attenPt by Pro-PtO elements to filMe vacuur created followj.ng Jordan's disengagenent from trhe west Bank. This concerned in parlicular attenpts to replace eaisting nrunicipal counciLs by local committees and to bring in important 6ums of money from abroad in order to supPort the continuation of the uprising. In that connection, it ita6 reported that the security authorities had confiscated over the past fe\d months aPproxinaeely $500,000, on suspicion that tbe rnoney ,as designed to promote the uprising.

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Instructions a.ere given to the Foreign Ministry Eo make it clear to any foreign body that it was forbidden to supply inhabitanis of the territories with sums of noney exceeding 400 Jordanian diuars ($1,OOO), unless authorized othexlrj.se by the rsraeli authorities. The security authorities were reportedr.y conducting a fierce carnpaigu againse J.ocal. organizations in the territori.", t rrorli as popufar comrnittees, rhich were acting to enf,orce the decisions and instruccions of the "leadership of the uprising,,. popular committees dealing vrith we]fare and conmunity services would not be affected by the new neasures, accord.ing to the report' It was further rePorted that the civil adninisEration intended to dismiss some 750 Arab employees in the llest Bank and the Gaza St.rip, out of sone 18,500 Arab enployees in these areas. rt wourd continue to reduce its services to the locaL population, in proportion with its deepening financiat deficit. ( Ila ' aretz, 15 August 1988) 76. On 16 August 1988, it was reported thae the IDF plastic bullets, replacing the rubber burlets hithertohad recently started using used in the territories. According to military sources, the use of plastic bul-lets would reduce the risk of killing those hit by such burrets. rhe chlef of staff, Maj.-cen. Dan shomron, totd the Knesset Foreign Affairs and Defence Connittee that pfastic non-letha], and that they coutd be used from a distance of overbullets lrere 70 metres. MK Ran Cohen alleged that a resident of a refugee camp haal been kille,at frorn Plastic-bullet shooting, and another had been seriously injured. The Chief of Staff also reported to the Knesset Cotnmittee that the level of violence in the territories was on the decreases there were fevrer crashes and fewer incidents of petrol-bornb throlring, erection of barricades. arson of buses and virlages cr.osing thenselves off. He added that there was no policy of harassing the pofulation, but in places where demonstrations took prace, anct in particutar in virrlqls, the army inposed closures and the vilfagers themselves drove the inciters away. (Ira,areLz, 16
and 17 August
19BB) 7'I . on 18 August r98s, it vras reported that in recent months the rDF oPerating in the territories were avoiding entering virrages situated units central roads. According to one reserve officer lrho had served in thefar from the several renote vilLages had declared thenselves ,'autonomous zones',, Hewest Bank, mentioned three such villages in the Tur,karem areai Deir ar-chussun, A-Tir and A-Dik. (Ha'aretz, 18 August 1989 )

78' on 19 August 1988, it was reported that the Defence Mini.stry had outra.'ed the poPular corntnittees operating in the territories. Defence Minister Rabin said the conmittees had been responsible for bhe " ins t i tut.ional i zation of the uprising,,. He said that the banning of the committees had "providecl a more convenient to deal with their members and leaders',. Accorcling to Mr. Rabin, 200 to fegal rneans 300 conrnittee nernbers $ere already being held in aclministrative detention, but hundreds of others vrere still 0perating. under the nev instructions any menber of a Popular committee could face a prison sentence of up to 10 years. a penafty could be inposed on persons participating in neetings orqanized"itnitu, by such committees, those holding leafLets issued on their behalf, or those contributing money to thern. According to reports there were severaf sorts of popular cornnittees: those organized to provide community services, such as medicat aid commictees or we]fare cornmitteesi those known as strike forces, desiqned to enforce

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the guialelines of the leatlership of the uPrising; an'l regional guiding conmittees desiine6 to orgalize protst ."ii*'ici." against the occupation at local Level. The authorities reportedly considered these comnittees to be "the noving force behind the uprisitg, and Potential alternatl'ves to the nilitary governmetrt" ' (IIa'aretsz' Jerusalen Post, 19 August 1988)

(b) oral

wave

of disturbances

evidence

79. several wituesss testifietl on the clinate of violetrce anrd coafrortation in the occupied territories siuce the beginning of the uPrising' Most of them referred to their Personal exPerie[ce, involvinq wouading by bullet shots or
beatilgs
:

..weheardtrooPsoutsideatrdt'efoutrdthattear-gasbonbsr'er6being throwD at us, and then the tear-gas bonbs started enteriag into the mosque' Ttrere was an old man who fainteal anat I trieat to 90 over to helP him' I ltas trying to belp bim and white I was doing that another young nan was hit or ioiurea. I alitl not knoit what it vas, but in trying to heIP him I reatizeil th;t he had received a bul1et wound close to his heart. I t'as carrying him outside the mosque, But a soldier was outside and he was carryiaq a gur with a silelcer. You see, up till then we thought it was only tear gas that was being usetl. 9le ditl not susPect that live bullets were being used' About r 40 metres away r saw some p-ople who were just falling to the ground and realizedLhatsoneonehadopeaettfireont,hern.Thealwashita!.tthebu].]'ets entered my chest antl passeat by the wall of the heart"' (Anonl/mous witness'
A/AC. 145/RT.481)

anonymous A/AC.145/RT.481 (two atronirmous witnesses); A/AC.l-4slRT'482 A/Ac.145/RT'491/A'td'1 witnesses)i A/AC.145/RT.4-84 1.tt "ttooytous witness); and (three anoaymous witnesses).

IwasinthehosPital'Abouts.00a.m.weheartlalotofloise'rtehear'l firing anil there were soldiers who stormed the hosPitat' PerhaPs a hundred or maybe more. They came in aud they starteat beatiDg uP everyone who was iasiae, Some youths betrteen 16 anit 20 years, who were oaly visitiag the unit hospitat, uere beaten uP. They firett some gas canisEers itrto the kittaey same and I was there at the iime. A great nunber of youths were arrested the dayinthehosPital.AmongthenweresomePatieltsrhostillhattthetlriB atiached to their arms." iAttonymous witness, A/Ac'145/RT'491/Adtl'1) 80. Testimonies relating to the wave of disturbances may be foutrd in docrunents (two

t{riEten inforrnation

ttith stones On 9 December 1987, aturing the riots youths attacked an IDF Patrol fir6, killing Hatarn al-sisi' L7' a and petrol bombs. The Patrol iommander oplned them stud-ent of the Fatujiya school. seventeen ot}ters i'ere injure.t, some of 8L.
seriously.Followingal-sisi.sdeathhuDdredsofGazaresideDtsgathere.latthe the Shifa Hospitat atal severat of the dead youth's relatives succeedod ln carryiag

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body away for buria]. There lrere reports of barricades being erecced around the hospital' and of use of tear gas and firing in the air by the IDF. The Jabariya canp was seafed off. (Ha'aretz, Jerusalern post. 10 Decenber 19g7)

82, On 10 Decenber 1987, the riots. lrhich untiL then were restricted to the northern part of the Gaza Strip and the town of Gaza. spread to the rest of the region and to severar west Bank localities. serious riiting was reported and the Balata refugee carnp, as lrell. as at Khan yunis. in the Gaza Strip, at Nablus where 13-year-old girl, sian Hussein Hanad, uras seriousry injured when troops opened a at stone-throling demonstrators. Atrother child, aged 11, whose name was not fire rePorted' was *illed at Khan Yunis. an,it at least 15 others were gunfire. At the entrance to the Casbah area at Nablus, fbrahim injured by IDF a1_Ikl.ik, 17, was shot dead and another youth was injured. (Ha,aretz, JerusaLem post,
11 December
1987
)

83' on 11 December 1982, as the riots continued in Nablus and Hebron, Bir Zeit, and several refugee camps. three residents of Balata and spread to Balata were by IDF gunfire: Suheila Ka'ba. 57, Sahar al-Jirni, 19, and Ali Musa,icl, tt. kill.ed According to Arab sources a fourth resident, abdalrah sa,our, 14, was a.1so killed. The riots continued throughout the Gaza strip and several dozen demonstraEors reportedly injured in crashes with the security forces. A cornmerciar strike were was held and Rafah and the Jabaliya refugee ..rp rlt" placed under curfew. commercial strikes were also held at Nablus, RanaLlah ind East Jerusaletn. (Ha,aretz, Jerusalem post, 13 December l9g7) 84. On 13 Decembet IgB7, the alisturbauces were concentrated in refugee ca.nps (Balata, Jalazun, Ein Beit Alma and Kalandiya). A cornnercial strike was held in Nablus, Rarnatlah and East Jerusafen, In the Gaza Strip some 60,OOO residents rrith jobs in Israel refrained from going to wo.k for the third day running. (Ha,aretz, post.
Jerusalem 14 Decernber 19g7)

85. On 14 Decenber LgA7, in Khan yunis, Hassan .Jarhoun, 25, troops after a Petrol bomb i^ras throlrn at a group of soldiers. wa6 killed by IDF The incident triggered off a wave of serious rioLing in ite -region. The disturbances r.ater sPread to northern Gaza SLrip tocalities such as .labaliya and Bureij refugee camPs' cornmercial st!ikes continued in Gaza and Nablus. rncidents were reportear in some West Bank localities. (Ila'aretz, Jerusalem post, l5 December 1987) 86. On 15 Decernber 1987, 4 Gaza residents died and 11 r.rere wounded in clashes between rDF troops and denonstrators- The victims were Tatal Hwiri. 17. of gunshot wounds in the neck. at Beit Hanouni Nafez yousuf Iqtifar, lrho vrho died was in Deir er-Balah after dernonstrat.ors hurred iro! bar6 and cement bl.cks at kiLled troops; Matunoud Sahla, 22. of JabaLiya, who clied during a clash in Lhe Shifa Hospital courtyard, and Abdullah Abu Husseini, 27, who died in the Ashkelon Hospital of wounds incurred in Khan yunis four days earfier. According to Arab

Ibrahim Dakar, 23. also died in the Shifa HospitaL clash. According"or,r".", eyewitnesses, Gaza youths were, on several instances. tred across theto UNRWA bonnets of anny jeeps bo give security forces in the vehicles safe entry into refugee canps. Commercial strj.kes continued at Nablus and Ra.rnallah, despite atternpts try ttre civit administration to force shopor^rners to open thei! businesses. (Ha,aretz, Jerusalem Post. 16 December 19g7)

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87, On 15 Decenber 1987. Khaled Enad Abu Takia, 2Q, fron Gaza, and Najwa Hassan Abdallah .Al-Masri, 17, fron Beit tlanun, were among the victims of the violent clashes that took place throughout the t'lest Bank and the Gaza StriP. (Attalia, L7 December L987 ) 88. On l-6 December t98?, the disturbances continued, principaLly in the Gaza Strip. A general strike coneinued throughout the Strip. Partial commerciaL strikes were also reported in East Jerusalem, Rafiallah and Nablus. (Ha'aret!, JerusaLem Post, 17 December 1987) 89. On 1? December L987, the Rafah youth who the previous day stabbed an Israeli soldier and was later wounded from IDF gunfire, clieil of his wound6. He aras named as Atwa Abu-Sandani, 20, It iras reported that 54 Gaza residents r,rere being hospitalized in Ash*elon, including three in serious condition. The focus of protest reportedly noved to East Jerusalen and areas north of the city, lthele business and schools qere closetl in prohest over the move by Trade and Industry Minister Ariel Sharon who inaugurated his residence in the Muslim Ouarter of the Old City. (Ha'aretE, .terusalen Post. 18 December 1987) 90. on 18 December L987 Hussein saada Al-Mahsiri. 85, fron El-Bireh, died frorn gas intoxication inhaled' in A1-Afsa sguare. (Attalia. 24 December 1987) 91, on t8 and 19 December 1987, riots were reported bhroughout the Gaza StriP and in East Jerusalem, lrhere rioting waq described as the worst since 1967. fn Ehe Gaza st.rip rioting flared up following Friday prayers. Troops oPened fire at demonstrators in Bureij refugee carnp and in the Seja'iya quarter. At least tlto demonstrators were kil1ed: Abdel Salan Fatahiya, 19. and Masha a1-Bataaizi, 20. It lras reported bhat further reinforcenents ere sent to the region, and that the local comnand had been reorganized. In East Jerusalen hundreds of elementary and secondary school pupils burned tyres, erected barricades and threw stotres. Agencies of IsraeLi banks in East Jerusalern and Israeli cars \'tere attacked and damaged. Large police and border-guard for.ces used tear gas to disperse the protesters. A total school and cornrnercial strike vras observed in the town' Elsewhere in the west Bank widespread disturbances Lere reported, princiPally in Hebron and in the Balata, Askar and Jalazun refugee camps near Nablus. Cornmercial strikes wexe held in NabLus, Anabta, Kalkiliya and Tulkarern. (Ha'aretE, ,Jerusalem Post, 20 December 1987) 92, On 21 December 1987, a general strike was observed in the west Bank and the Strip. For the first time since the wave of unrest began, the Arab PoPulation of Israel held a strike in sympathy with t-he population of the territories a/rd nany incidents and riots were reporLed in mixed Arab-Jewish towns in Israel. The general strike in the territories affected businesses. services, transport, schools and work in Israel. In Jenin a border-guard jeep was attacked arith 20 petrol bonbs, The troops opened fire. killing Yussuf af-Arawi. 25, and injuring eight others, including one seriously. In Tubas an IDF "elite unit" was confronted by rioters and opened fire, killing two youths, Bassal. Sawafteh, 18, and his cousin Nazek Sawafteh, 22. Raad Shehadeh of the caza Strip. who was injured earlier, died of his lrounds in an Israel.i hospital. ( Eaj-arelz, Jerusalem Pos-g, 22 December 1987)
Gaza

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93. O!. 22 Decenber L987, a violent clash occurrett in the ,tabal.iya ca.np betrreeD troops and a rioting crorrd. Ealed ?aleb shaker Abnd, 19, uas kilred irom rDF gunfire and several others reere seriousr.y injured. Muharunatt nashed ar-Keisi, zo, of ,Jeain, nho nas injurar in the head two days earrier fron shots fired by border guards, diett in a hospital in Haifa. other violent demolstratioas were reported in Yatta, south of Hebron, and i[ the ar-tunary refugee catnp, aear Ranallah, wbere the army used a helicopter to drop tear-gas caaisters. several peraons were injured in the incidetrts. (Ha,aretz, ,Jerusalem post, 23 Dece ber 19g7) 94. On 23 December 194?, youssef Mohammed Al-Najar died from r.ounds previous day. He was shot at the chest by the IDF during clashes in refugee camp. He tlied iu Soroka gospital. Arother youtsh, Fayez Abu also injured in the ilcident aad ras adnittett to a! rsraeli hospital conalition. (Al-Ittihad,
24 Deceriber 19gZ)

received the .rabaliya Salem. was iu serious

95. On 24 Decernbet Ig87, it was reported that since 9 December :rgg7 27 inhabitarts were killed itr the territories. Another 1rg persors a&nitted to hospitar.s in "nere the west Bark and the Gaza strip with gunfire, qrub-beating or gas-intoxication injuries. The breakdonr by clay is Ehe following:
16 December 19gz 17 December 1987 19 Decefiber 19 87 20 Decenber 1997 2t Decenber 19Bz 22 Dcenber 1982
Jb

19
't

30 24

I

(Attalia,

31 Dece ber 1988)

96. 0! 30 Decetnber 1997, the death lras reported of Mustafa Said eI_Ab, tZ, of .tabaliya refugee camp. The youth had ben injurett in the head from fDF shots the during a clash on 22 Decenber r9gz. He aried at the soroka Hospitar in Beersheba, The uelrs of his death renewed high tensio! in the regiol. (galaretz, Jerusalern Post, 31 December 1987)

97. 0n L January I9Bg, violeDt disturbaBces were reported in several West Bank torns, vill.ages and refugee camps and in the Jabaliya camp in Gaza. (Ha'aretz, Jerusalem Post, 1 .lanuary 19gg)
98. On 1 .Ianuary 1988, Naji Hassan Mohanmed Hussein, 42, vas shot dead in Kabatiya by IDF soldiers. (A1-Ittihad, 22 Jaauary 198g)

99. On 2 'January 1988, disturbances rcere reported mainLy in refugee camps in Gaza, in particurar ,tabariya, Nusseirat and Raf,ah, as werl- as the Kasbah area of Nabrus and Balata and Al-Anary refugee canps in the West Bank. Troops used tear gas and. rubber bullets to disperse Protesters. strikes were reported in East Jerusalem and in all the major West Bank towns. ID several. towls shopkeepers were ordered to open their shops. (Ha'aretz, Jerusalern post, 3 .Ianuary 1988)

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100. on 3 January 1988, a zs-year-ol.d $oman, llaniya Suteiman al-Ghasawneh, was *illed in A-Ran, north of Jerusalern, when a sofdier oPened fire at stone-throlting youths, (Ha'aretz, Jerusalen Post, 4 .Ianuary 1988; Actalia. 7 January 1988)
101. on 4 January 1988, violent distulbances took place in A-Ran. Ranallah, Al-Anary and Katandiya, following th dath of llaniYa al-Ghasawneh' TrooPs used tear gas and rubber bullets. Violent disturbances ltere al6o reporeed in several Gaza Strip locaLities. (Ha'aFetz, Jerusalem Post, 5 January 1988)

loe, On 5 January 1988. violent disturbances were rePorted in Khan Yunis and in othr Gaza Strip localities. Adel. Dabalan, 18, was 6hot al by trooPs and laler died in hospital. Several others I'ere injured, including five soldiers. rn the l{est Bank, disturbanceG were reported in several localities. (Ha'aretz, JerusaLen Post, 6 ilanuary 1988)
103. On wounded

6 ltanuary 1988, a resialent of ttte Nur Shans camP was shot by an officer anal in the shoulder after he t.ried to attack a wonan soldier and slash her throat. violent disturbances were reported mainly in the Gaza strip. A conmercial strike was observed and Arab {or}ers did not go to their jobs in Israel.

(Ha'aretz,7 January

1988 )

104, on 6 .Ianuary 1988, violent denonstrations took Place in many areas in the occupied territories following the eapul.sion orders issued against nine residents. (Attalia, 7 January 1988)

lo5. on 7 January 1988, violent disturbances occlrred in rnany localities in the we6t Bank, East Jerusalem and the Gaza strip, uhere seven local youths iter injured from shots, Tlro were hospitalized in a serious condition. In East Jerusalem there tras a cornrnercial strik. StriLes were also reported in Ramallah, A-Ran and in Jericho. (Ha'aretz, 8 January I988)
106. on 7 January 1988, it was reported that a Is-year-old boy, Muezin zaki Muslin from Al-Maghazi refugee canp, was killed and another, Mohatnned Nafe' Sedki, 15, was shot in the haad during clashes in Yabud. Many peoPle were arrested. (A1-Ittihad, I January 1988, Attalia, 14 .lanuary 1988) 107. On I and I January 1989, violent disturbances were rePorted throughout the Strip, despite the inposition of curfew. Tno locaL youths were killed in Bureij and in Khan Yunis, when troops opened fire at protesters. The Khan Yunis youth wa6 nameal as Bassan Muallen. 25. I|r the Af-Nasr canp all the men were deeained anal interrogated. There were reports of arrests and severe beating by troops, particufarly in the Shati and Deir el-Balah camps, Strikes ltere reported in all the major towns of the territories. including East Jerusalern and the usually quiet .lericho and Eethlehen. (Ha'aretz. .terusalern PosE, 10 January 1988)
Gaza

108. On 9 Jauuary 1988, Bassern Khodr Abu Muslj.m, 2'1 , was killed during cfashes with the IDF in Beni seheyla, Fourteen persons were reported injured in Rafah followinq violent incident.s tluring the generat 6trike. (Attalia. 14 January 198B)

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109. On 10 Jatruary 1988, violent disturbalcea rfere reported iD the Gaza Strip. Troops used tear gas, rubbr bulrets arct lrve anmunrtion to disperse crowds stone-throwers. rn sajaiya, near Gaza, Tokan Musseibeh, 35, was kirled aud of others rere itrjurd, includltg a chllil ageal 2, who ras struck la the eye by severaL rubber bullet' A 4s-year-ord xonar and it least four youths were admilted a to Ahli Hospital with signs of severe beatitgo. f! some rfugee camps tear_gas the canistrs r.ere dropped from fDF belicopters. Accorating to residents, the gas tlroppett rras a new forn that caused nausea and dizzr.tress. A Rafah residen., Khalil Abu Lal, 65, rrho lras injureil thr $eeks arlier from IDF gunfir, died at a Beersheba hospital. violent disturbances arso tooh place in East ,.terusalem severaL West-Bank locaLities. (Ea,aretz, ,Ierusalern iost, 11 Jauuary 19gg) and ia
KhaD

1L0. On 10 ,tanuary l9gg, tear gas rras used by the IDF to disperse protesters in Yuuis resultiag in th tteath of a prguaut xornar, Waj dan Fares, 35. (Attalia, 14 January 1988 )

uL. On lL January 198g, i! Khan yunis, Atta Khuttair, 24, tras shot dead duriDg a violent clash with an rDF PatroL. violeut disturbances ard conmercial strikes rrere also reported in the Gaza strip and in nost of th west Jerusalem. (Ila'aretr, Jerusaletn post, 12 Jaruary tgBB) Bank towla and i[ East u'2' on 12 Jatruary 1999, violent disturbances rere rporteat, rnainly in the Gaza Strip. In Raf,ah, Mohaftnad yus6f Ahmad el_yazuri, 30, was killeat after he stabbed soldier. Two other palestiDians were injured ln the incideat. Iu other disturbances itr the Gaza strip, 24 rocal residerta xere iljureat fron rDF shots. soldiers reportedly severr'y beat Arab protesters. The connercial and tratrsport strike throughout the west Balk coatiaued, violent incid.eDts occurred in ard around East Jerusalem atd i[ Nablus, rrhere four youEhs were injured from shots. (IIa'aretz, post,
.terusalen
13 Jauuary 19gg)
a

ll3' otr l'3 Jauuary 1988, Hassan Mustafa Mia1i, 19, was shot deaat Niarna, north wst of Ranarrah' rrher troops opeled fire at rioters itr the virlage of who attacked them with stones and other objects. Dozens wlre -injurea in viotent disturbances in tbe west- Bauk_ and Gaza strip, iacluating an elderry man, who uas wounded ia the head a rubber bu'leh, in Kalatrdiya, a[d a lo_year_ofa loy, in .rabaliya. There t{ere by numerous reports of local population refusing to obey the curfew order6. rn East Jerusalem crowds of youths from the Arab aeighbourhood of .tebeL Mukaber perted with stones houses in the narby Jewish neighbourhood of Arnou-Ifauatziv (East The incident was described a" ao ,.rop."cadented one, (Ita.aretz, irerusalemralpiot). post, 14 January 1988 ) 1l4. On 13 \tanuary 1988, it r{as reported that sitce the outbreak of the disturbances iu the occupied territories 54 tocat residents had been kirled from IDF shots, in aildition to bhousands of injureal persons. (At_Ittihad, 15 January 19gB)
115. On 14 ,January 1988, the generaL strike continued throughout the occupied territories where violelt incidents occurred in severar viliages, towns and refugee camps, It was reported that ttNRWA was barred from supplying food to refugee

camps. Mohanned Ramadan Tabaza, 18, from Nuseirat, died frorn gas poisoning during disturbances in the canp. (Al-rttihad, 15 January 19g8, Attaria, 21 ,tauuary 198g)

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116. On L5 January 1988, it was rePorted that the 1o-year-old boy who had been kitled by IDF troops two days earfier during a viofent disturbauce in Gaza was identified as Ramadan Yunis Sobeih. Another boy woundetl in the incident' Ra'ed Razek salman, 13, was still in criticat condition. cornmercial strikes contiaued in East .Ierusalem alld in West Bank towns. An IDF infantryman shot and killetl a bedouin shepheral, Atrned Ali Ghazale e-Bayat, 44, who was sPotted with his floek of 6heep in an IDF firing zone tear Tekoa. (Ha'aretz, Jerusalern Post, L5 January 1988 ) 117. On 15 .Ianuary 1988, in ilabaliya, near Gaza' Ibrahim Mohatnmad Abu-Naher, 31, from Sheiktr Radlyan, was shot dead after he stabbed a soldier. Conmercial strikes continued in most of the Wesl Bank towns. (Ha'aretz, .IerusaLen Post, 17 January 1988) 118. On 1? .tanuary 1988, the general strike continued thoughout the occuPied Radio Monte Carlo reported the death of Elro women in Gaaa and two territories. Kalkiliya fron gas injuries. (Attalia, 21 January 1988) babies in

119. On 19 .Ianuary 1988, violent disturbances were reported in several tlesc BaDk localities, where five local residents wele injured f,rom shots or rubber bulLets' (Ha'aretz, Jerusalem Post, 20 January 1988)
120. On 20 January 1988, there were numerous reports of residents of che territories hospitalized with injuries caused by severe beatings. Corunercial strikes continued in all the major towns and there were reports of heavily equipPed troops forcing shops open, or threatening and beating shopkeePers, forcing then to open their businesses. violent incitlents occurred in many localities around East (Ila'aretz. Jerusafen Post. Jerusalem and in several West Bank localities. 21 January 1988 ) 121. On 24 January 1988, troops used tear gas, rubber bullets and Live ammunition to disperse protesters in Ranallah. Jarnal Abu-Shawish. 27, was shot and seriously nounded, Conmercial strikes were also rePorted in the East Jerusalen area and iu Nablus, Katkiliya and Tulkarem. (Ila'aretz, J.e!lEelg[-l9s!, 25 .]anuary 1988)

L22. Otr 26 January 1988, IDr soldiers reportedLy raided houses in Idna and arrested rnany inhabitants, incl.udiDg children under 10. (Attalia, 28 January 1988)
Mohanmed

123. On 28 January 1988, IDF soldiers shot dead a youth from Rafah, AIi Hamdan, 22' arrd injured 10 others who wele hospitalized.
29 January
1988
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(A]-Ittihad,

L24. on 29 and 30 January 1988, large-scale rioting was again rePorted in severaf areas and several protesters were injurecl, (Ea-aretz, Jerusalen Post, 31 .lanuary 1988 ) 125. On 1 February 1988, viofent disturbances continued throughout the west Bank. In Anabta ti.to youths were kilfed when troops fired at sLone-throwers. They were named as Murad Bassam Harndallah, 17, and Muayecl Muhammad Shaer. 21. Several others were injured. It was reported that some l0O persons had been injured in Nablus

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over the past 48 hours from rubber bullets, beatings and tear gas Jerusalen Pose, 2 February lggg)

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aretz,

126. on 2 February 1988, viorent disturbances were reported in ?urkarem and in the Hebrou area vil1age6. Commercial strikes wre reported in East Jerusalem, the Strip and several, West Bank towns. (ga.aretz, Jerusalem post, 3 february 19gg) Gaza

LZ,. O\ 3 February 1998, a Z6-year-o1d nan was kilLeal in Tullarem. Asna sabuba, 23, f,torn Aaabta, who had been ahot in the head several. days earrier died of wounds' Many of the disturbances lrere reportedly triggered off by nrrmerous her of acts vandalism by Jewish settlers. (Ha'aretz. Jerusalern post, 4 February l9g0)
128. On 5 and 6 February 1988, serious disturbances were reporced in Al_Aroub refugee camP trear Hebron and iu Shu'fat canp lorth of Jerusalem. Dozens were made' For the first time ia nany weeks porice used rubber bullet6 of arrests rioters in East Jerusa.Lern, and not only tear las. The cor nercial strike against in the city continued for the thirty-first dat. tn il-aroub a locar wonan was killed from IDF shots after rioters attacked troops and passing traffic with stones. (Ha'aretz, .Ierusalem post, 7 February 19gB)

I29. On 6 February 1988, violent incidents took place in the territories. A young girl, Asma Abdel Ati al-sherif, 17. was kirled from rDF gunshots during riots in Al-Aroub camp and ;r ls-year-or.d boy suffered cerebral concussion during clashes in the Gaza Strip. (Attatia, 1I February 19g8) I30. on 7 February 1989, vioLent disturbances were reported j.n many areas in the territories. Four local youths rrere killed and at least twelve others were injured. Many of the incidents were spar&ed off by runours of attacks by settlers. In a violent cLash in Beit_Unrnar, norEh of Hebron, three local. residents l'ere killed nhen troops chased rioters inside lhe vilrage: rmad Hassan sabarna, 20, Muhanned Ibrahim Shawiha, 22, and Taysir Jarad Awaat, 19. In Kalkiliya, Iyad Sharia, 16, was seri,ously injured when troops opened fire at rioters, fyad Al-Bassuki, 10, who had been injured a few days earlier frorn gunshot in the vi]lage of Burka, died of his wouncts. Others were injured in yabecl, Deir Amar ard .Iadira. Another youth from Deir el-Balah, Rani At_Aktouk, 15, diert in a ,Jerusalen hospitar, but military sources said he died of a disease. conunerci.ar strikes were reported in all the west Bank and Gaza Strip towns. (Ha.aretz, Jerusalem post, I February 19gO ) I31. On I February 1989, IDF croops wounded Mohamned Set in Shiha, 25, in Anabta and assaulEed several chil.dren in Shu'fat camp, anong then were Assem Magdi Mohamned Nitnr, 6, and his brother Moatasen, 4. (Attalia. 11 February 1988)
132. On g February 1988, Khader Fuad Tarazi, l?, a Christiao youth flom caza clied il hosPital after being seriousty injured in rhe head. Another youth, Nabil Ass,ad Abu Khalil, 16, from the village of a_fif, near Tulkaren, died when troops file at a crowd of protesters. In Gaza 2g persons, including 14 mernbers of opened one fanily, nrere reportedly iojuled tron beaLinf,, in the contihuing unrest. ga:aretz. Jerusalem post, 10 february 19BB)

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133. Ou 10 February 1988, Malunoud al.-Himawi, 22, ftom Murazi refugee camp in Gaza' diect of shotgun flounds he received on 5 January 1988 fron troops. Dozens of Gaza Strip residents $ere injured from beati.ng in Jabatiya and Shati camPs' violent incidents were also reported in East Jerusalem, NabLus, Tarkutniya arrd Ramallab' Conmerciaf strikes continued in west Bank towns' (Ha'aretz, 11 February 1988)

134. On 10 February 1988, it was rePorted that 25o Persons vtere injured in the Gaza Strip during the past three days. (Attalia, 11 and 18 February 1988)
135. On 11 February 1988, Ahned Abu Sabil frorn Tulkaren refugee camp died during a clash with troops. Other violent incidents were reported in Ramallah and Hebron' ( Ha ' aretz, Jerusalem Post, 12 February 1988) 136. On 12 February 1988, two youths were killed in Nablus, in a riot fo1lowing Friday prayers. They were narned as Bashar el-Masri, 18, aDd Bassal .titan, 14' Other violent disturbances were rePorted in RanalIah, Balata. Al-tunary and .talazun. Violent disturbances also occurred in many areas in the Gaza StriP' (Ha'aretz, 14 february L98I )
che

137. on l? February 1988, Ismail Hussein al-Halaika' 23, from the village of shuyukh, was killed during a violent disturbance in the viLlage, other vioLent disturbances rere reported in the west Bank and the Gaza strip. shops opened for three hours in the afternoon. (I{a'aretz, Jerusafern Post, 18 February 1988) 138. On 20 February 1988, the situation was aqain tense in rnany Parts of the In Ramallah, Abdallab Attiya, 19, was killed when border guards territories. opened fire at protesters. TrooPs later used tear gas and rubber buflets to disperse crovrds. At the Tul.karen refugee camp a l2-year-o1d boy rf,as shot dead and another, aged 10. was seriously injureal' The dead boy was named as Nasraftah Abd el-Kader. The injured one was Sarni Bassionai' Other violent incidents occured in Bani-Naim, Tubas. Kalaldiya, Jeniu, Yacta. Kabatiya and Balata. It .t{as also reporbed that a Rafah resident conrplained to the Red cro68 that his three-mouth-old baby daughter was kilted on 14 February 1988 as a result of tear gas used by troops' The baby vtas named as Ranan Adwan. The IDF spokesnan denied that tear gas was used on that date by the IDF, (Ha'aretz, 21 February 1988)

139. On 21 February 1988, Kamal Sufeirnan Fares, 21, a teacher, was killed in Deir Amar when passengers of two Israeli vehicles stoPPed at roadblocks opened fire to disperse protesters. violent clashes occurred in Nablus. An officer opened fire, kilting Ghareb SuLeirnan Abu-Amara, 20. Another nan, Ahmed Abu salhiya' 60, died as a result of tear-gas poisoning. AL least six other Nablus residents were injure<l from shots and rnany others were injurecl fron beatlng or tear gas' viofent disorders nere leporled in the Gaza striP. In Khan Yunis troops oPened fire at rioters, injuring three. Many others ltere injured from beating. (Ha'aretz. Jerusalem Post, 22 February 1988)
140, On 22 February 1988. violent disturbances were reported in Nablus. Ratnallah, Several Persons were Anabta, Dheisheh, El-Bireh and rnany Gaza Strip focalities. (Ha'aretz, 23 February 1988) injured fron beating.

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141. On 23 February 1988, a t3-year-old boy atieat from shots in the viltage of Yamoutr, near .Ienia. In Baka a-Sharkiya a soldier weariag civilian clothes reportedly shot and kilred a 13-year-oril girl, Raida Rajib Lutfi, Ataf Fayeal, 30, who $as injurett from IDF shots i! lCraa yunis several days earler, did of his

wourds. violent disturbances were reported in Eizariya, i! East ilerusalen Nablus. (IIa'aret.z, ilerusaletn post, 24 February 19gg)

anar

in

142. on 24 February 1988, a general. strike uas observed i! the to protest the arrival of united stats secretary of state shultz.territoriesfirst tine For the since the beginnilg of the uprisiag, protesteia used firearms iD the ca"a strip, ruhen a road rniae was activated as a security vehicle drove by. Nin persons injuretl i! the Gaza strip. I,lK Detti Zucker iaadett to the Defence Minister and{ere to the ,Judge Advocate-General affidavits aad post morten certificates accordiag to lthi:h three caza strip residerts had ilied is a result of beatiug. They trere na.med as raal Aka1, 17, from the Bunei camp - r"ho ttied on ? February rggg; !,ruiardnaa Sl!.ig?h, 68, from Sajaiya, who ttiett or 14 February 1988, and Khader al_Taazi, 20, L'ho did on I February 1999. r'" Kabatiya rocat r.sidents kirlett a man *nown collaborator with Israel, after the rnan had shot at his attackers and killeal as a 4-year-old boy, Muhanurad Abu zeid, and iajured 13 others. the nau tras named a as Muhanmed Ayed a-zakharra, 40. (Ha,aretz, ilerusalen post, 25 aDat 26 February 19gg) 143. On 25 February tge8, three youths were killeat fron shoEs as violetrt disturbances continued in many areas. Bassam Abu Kharifa, 1g, was killeat in the Jelrin refugee canp. Three others were injured, incrudiag one seriously, in the same ilcident. sami chaleb a-Dia, 14, was kirlett i! Nabrus. yussuf al-Ki1 ani, fron Yabed near ,Jenin, was kirr.ed i'' a crash ,,ith border g,lrarats. other violeDt 21,, crashes were reported in Nablus and the surrounding retugee camps, yatta Tulkaren refugee camp. In East Jerusalem violent disorders rere reportedaud the after several. days of relative caln. (Ita,ar6tz, 26 February 19gg)

144' 0n the weekend of 26 and 27 February r.9gg, ? parestinians rrere ki].red and at least 22 were injured during violent rioiing that ceuEred otr Ilebron and the surrounding viLl'ages. rn the virrage of Arroub, Nihad al-Khanur, 21, rras killed by a bulLet in the chest and four others were injured. fn Halhul., Baker Abdallah al-Ban, 19, was killear anar seven others were iaJured. According Palestinian sources, Janal al-Atrash, 1g, al6o ttied in that iqcident. The other to victins were narned as Fuad a-shaara$i, 4?, frorn Hebron, Hassalt Malmoud Abu uayran, 20, from Arroub, Rashika Daraghni, a 6o-year-oltt wonan from Tubas and a boy in Gaza who rePortedly died when a rock hurled at fsraeli soldiers hit hirn it the head. Accortling to United Nations sources in Gaza, however, the boy died of bea.i,"g by soldiers, The boy was named as Aiat Ali a1-Ashgar, fron Beit_Lahiya. (Ha,aretz, Jerusalem Post, 28 February 1988)
by troops during a violeat disturbance. violenE disturbances ner also reported in the nearby villages of Assira al-Kibliya and Madaba, where several persons injured, and. in the Hebron and Ramallah areas. Ahtned Bitawi, 30, frorn the were Jenin refugee canp, died of, wounds sustained earrier in the week during a crash between troops aad protesters. (Ha'aretz, Jerusalem post, 1 March lggg) 145. On 29 February 1988 yasser Abde1 itabar ( accortting to another report Yasser Daoud 'rtt), aged L7, from the village of Buria, n6ar Nablus, was shot
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146. On 3 March 1988, violent incidents occurred in Rafah and in the wesc Bank villages of Idna and Beita. Arab sources in Deir el-Balah and in Rafah alleged and that the IDF threw tear-gas canisters fron a helicoPter on three girls' schools that rnany PupiJ.s were injured. The same sources afleged that a baby girl died as a result of tear gas thrown at her home. An IDF spokesman denied the allegations bul said they would nevertheless be looked ingo. (Ha'aretz, 4 March 1988) 147. On 4 March 1988, viotent incidents occurred in many west Bank and Gaza StriP Muhafimaal Saleh Ahmed, 18, frorn the vilfage of Khader' was shot dead by localities. Lroops during a riot foflowing the Friday Prayers. In a clash in Ehe village of Araba a locaf man, Abat et-Latif el-gada, ltas shot dead by troops' Incidents involving shooting by troops also occurred in Jenin, BaLata' Nablus and Burka' where several peoPle were injurett. On 5 March 1988, two youths were kiLled in Dahiriya when a military conunander oPened fire after failing to disPerse protesters with tear gas and rubber bultets' The two were named as Maher Araidat' 25' and chassern al-ttadairat. 30. In violent disturbances in the Gaza StriP Muhatnnad Sa'fan, 22, ftom Deir el-Balah, was shot dead by trooPs. During the weekend disturbances were reported in many areas, including Hebron, Bethlehern' Ramallah, Jenin, Tulkarem, Kalkifiya and nwnerous refugee canps and villages' ( lta ' arecE, 6 March 1988) 148. on 6 March 1988, Khaleal el-Aradeh' 17, from Askar was shot dead by trooPs t'tho believed he and another Person were involved in an attemPt at shooting at them' At Mazraa Sharkiya north of RamatLah, Ainan Salin Aujak, 18, was shot dead by trooPs and another person was injured after soldiers who tried to renove Palestine flags in the village were surroundeal by stone-throwing youths' violent incidents were (Ha'aretz' also reporteal in rnany oEher west Bank and Ga"a Strip localities' Jerusalem Post, 7 March 1988)

149. on 7 Maich 1988, a viofent clash was reported in Lhe village of rdna' near Hebron, between trooPs and vilfagers ltho were defying curfew orders' At one Point a hand grenaae was thrown at a border-guard jeep and one soldier was sfightly injurett. Other soldiers oPened fire and injured seven villagers, including one seriously. Dozens were arrested. (Ea'aretz' I March 1988) 150. on I March 1988, the body of a murdered Arab Policeman was discovered in Jericho. IDF and police sources estinated that the murder was committed as part of the pressure exerted on Arab policemen and other enployees of the civil adrninistration to resign. In Mazraa Sharkiya an Israeli civilian' believed to be a set.tLer, whose car was blocked by stone barricades, opened fire at a nearby house' killing llader Muhanned Hanitla, 42. Another violent incident involving an Isfaeli settler was reported in Balata. T.i,to youths were injured' including one seriously' In the area between Ariel and the village of Haris settters aud villagers conilucted a ', s tone -throu'ing fight,' after a 3-year-old settler boy r"ras hit by a stone. TrooPs intelvened and separated Lhe two camPs. Eight Haris residents were arrested' In rnany localities wonen held silent demonstrations or narches, to mark the Palestinian Woman's Day proclaimeal by the organizers of the uPrising' In Ramallah troops dispersed such a denonstration with tear gas and lubber bullets' According to Arab sources a resident of Askar. Salah e-Din al-Nakib, 35, died the previous day from tear-gas poisoning. (Ha'aretz' Jerusalem Post. 9 March 1988)

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151. On g March 1988, tridespread unrest was reported in the territories three months 6ince the beginning of the uprising. A general strike was to nark observed and-workers ditl not go to work in Israel. In SiLwad lroops opened fire at grotesters, killing Muhannad Othman Fares, 1g. In Turmus Aya, Jamil Hassan ltijazi, 19, was shot dead by troops. According to north of Rarnaltah, third Arab was shot dead in Samu, near glbron.' He lras nured as Arab sources a Bassam lbrahim af-Badarin, 2S. violent incidents were a.l,so reported in the Gaza Strip where, according to Arab sources, a oDe_nonth baby girl from Deir el-Balah died fron tear-gas poisoning. (!{a,aretz, IO March 1988}

152' on 10 March l9gg, a viorent disturbance was reported in bhe shati canp the curfew was lifted for two hours. (Ha,aretz, lI March 19gg)

when

153. On 13 March 1988, yussuf Ali Suleinan. 22, from Bidia, who was shot at by troops on 9 March 1988, died of his wounds. (Uai:reta, 14 March 19Bg)

r54' on 15 March 1989, wi.espread unrest rf,as reported in the west Bank' A general strike continued through the west Bank northern part of the and the In the village of Deir Jarir, north east of iarnaLtan, troops opened Giza st.rip. fire at Protesbers, killing Arafat Hawih, 2?. In the village of Anza, south of Jenin, there was a violent clash between troops and vir.lagers, who declared a "liberated zone". Troops reportedly opened fire, killing Alam saialtheir village Nasratlah, 17. A violen! clash also occurred in Kalkiliya betrreen troops atd locaf youths. Incidents were also reported in the caza Stri;. (Ha,aretz, 16 March 19Bs) 155' on 16 March 1988, viorent. disturbances continued, principalry in area. In the Nur Shams caJnp a 60_year old resident, Safirn af_yahya, the Turkarem According to Arab sources he lras the victin of t.ear_gas poisoning. t'as kilLed. sources said the reason of the death l.Ias a heart attack, At least MiLitary were injured in the same incident. An adolescent, Ashraf Muhanmad seven others fbrahim, who had been seriously injurect the day before, died of hi.s wounds, According to Tulkarem residents nany were injured frorn tear_gas poisoning and beating. fn yabed, Dar Jenin' onan Yassin Hamrashi, 25, *as tirrei by troops during violent disturbances. In Nazlat Isa, Hisham al-Alushi was killed in unclear circumstances. In Al_Fawar troops $ere attacked and opeaed fire, injuring rwo yourhs. jil:_1"?i,l.bron, vrolenc drsturtances were reported in Gaza. (Ha,aretz, Ma,ariv, 1Z Uri"r, tgAg)
156, On 18 March 1988, Muhanmad Suleirnan Khafed. 19, from tlas killed in unclear circurnstances. Arab sources said hethe Ein Beit Atrna camp, died after being severe.Ly beaten, shot in the thigh and dragged, bfeeding, to the nain road _ and then taken_ away in a jeep. Miliiary youth whom he tried to attack with a dangerous "o'."uJ said theat his died when a soldier object shot leg. In Rarnalfah trooPs raided the government hospital near the Kadura camp and arrested 12 persons, none of then patients, In violent disturbaaces in the Ga-za Strip Ilani Ibrahirn Abu Haman. 24, from the Shati camp, was killed anal three others were injured' The rDr used a helicopter throwing tlar-ga. canisters to disperse lhe crowds in Shati. On the hundrealth day of tie uprising it was leported that 87 people died and 860 lrere injured since the blginning of the mlvernent. The rDF was investigating the death circumstances of seven persons irho were not shots fired by sordiers. According to anot.her rsraer.i source the numberkilled frorn of aread reached 99. (Ha'aretz, Jerusalern post, Ma'ariv, 20 March lg8g)

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15?. On 20 March L988, au uuidentified Person fired, at very short range' at hin on the spot' The incident Moshe Katz, 28, an Israeli reserve soldier, killi[g lras the first Israeli to be occurred iD the centre of Bethlehem. Sergeant Katz The area was sealed off killett in the 1OO days of the uPrising in the territorie6. occurred in various areas of and nany arrests r,te re carried out. violent incidents the Gaza StriP. (Ha'aretB, Jerusalen Post, Ma'ariv, 21 Marcb 1988) 158. On 2I March 1988, tshe entire West Bank and the Gaza striP observed a general st.rike. Three west Bank youths who had earlier been injured from shots fireal by troops did of their wounds. They were nanned as Nanek Ahned MiLhem' 32, from the village of Dan, Dear Jenin, who was shot after throwiaq a Pecrol bomb at soldiers' KhaLed Mohannad Taher, 25, fron Naalat Isa, and Mohanmad Mahmoud Faraj, 25, from silwatl. In Rafah, Abed el-Abdallah, 18, was shot dead $hen trooPs oPened fire aE stone-throvers. (Ila'aretz, Jerusalern Post, Ma'ariv, 22 March 1988) 159. On 22 March 1988, a violent disturbance occurrd in Tubas. TrooPs oPened fire. The body of Xidmet Dararrne, 26, was later found. He was a student at a Ronanian university who ttas spending a holiatay in the area. The circulstances of his death were not ctear. Ile was the hundredth Arab to be kilted since the The figure included Palestinians beginning of the uprising iD the trritories' According shot dead either by troopG or by Israeli civilians in the territories. of tear-gas to Arab sources the nunber of dead reached 130. including victims poisoning and beating. A large nunber of the violent disturbances in recent days in the wests Bank rePorted occurred late in the evening or during the night' coinciating vrith nidespread arrests carried out by the security forces. According to Arab sources a 7o-year old man from Kabatiya, Hussein Faris llmil. did from tear-gas poisoning. (Ea'aretz, Jerusalem Post, 23 March 1988)

160. On 24 March 1988, two resitlent.s of Balata were killed when boraler 9uard6 opened fire after being attacked during patrofs in the canP. The victins were naned as Majeat Muhanmail Sawalrneh, ?1, antl Muharnnaal A1i Abu Zur, 18' For the first time since the beginning of the uprising two petrol botnbs tdere thrown a! a house in the Jewish OuarEer in Jerusalem's Otd Cily. (Ha'aretz, 25 March 1988)
161. on 25 antl 26 March 1988, many violenE disturbances were rePorted itr the territories in which five resialents were shot dead and maay other iajuretl' Large areas in the WeSt Bank and Gaza were closed to news media coverage. WidesPread arrests continued in the Gaza StriP, $here 20O,OOO residents were under curfew' On 25 March 1988, two youths were kiLled in Tarkurniya when trooP oPeaed file aE protesters. They were named as walid Fatafta' 18, and Nhaled Mafkatan' 18' on 26 March 1988, two youth from the village of ThuLth, south of Tulkarem. were kiLled They were Majed Hussein Dib, 19. and lrhen troops opened fire. Alrad Khassetn lblahirn, 30. Ten Persons were injured. In the vilLage of zuata' near NabLus, Ayatl Turki Khatil, 25, died after being shot the previous day' violent disburbances rtere reported in Ilebro!, Nabtus and Dahiriya. Several Persons were injured. (Ha'aretz, JerusaLern Post, 27 March 1988) 162. On 27 March 1988, a clash was reported between trooPs and vilfaqers in Meithalun, north of Nablus, when trooPs went to the village to carry out arrests' Riocs bloke out when youths attached the sotdiers with stones, bottles aII'l ares'

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a later stage, locar drivers tried to run down the opened fire at the occupants of the cars. Three villagers 60ldiers. The troops xrere kit.led anal two injured. The three dead were named as Mahnud Rabaiyedh, 23, Sahim 27, and, Chassan Kassem Noerat, 16. fn Salfit, yasser a1 Khirbawi, Mahmud Noerat, 14, vas killed by troops after they were perted lrith rocks and attacked with iron bars, vio].ent disturbances also occurred in RanalLah, Bethlehem, Beit Sahur and KaLandiya canp. (Ha'aretz, Jerusalern post, 2g March lggg) 163' on 28 March 1989, the rDF declared the territories crosed rnilitary areas for 72 hours' rhe move coincided wirh rhe .o*..orucior, ;; ;;;;-;"y-;i io'Marcn rses. rn connection with the three-day cLosure of the territories, Arab residents would not be alfowed to enter Israel or to cross the \rordan bridges, and entry territories wour.d be forbidde! to non-residents, incruding journalists, to the except. for a snall number organized in pools and acconpanieat by an escort from the IDF spokesman's office. In additioD, a curfe!, ias the caza strip for the entire closure period. In the West Bank, local imposed on would resident.s not be allowed to leave the immediate vicinity of their vilrages or towns, but would be arlowed to travef freely near their hornes. .rewish selllers would be alrowed to travel to work and "other normal activities',. but not to gather for any other purposes. Hunanitarian organizations such as the Red cross and uNRwA woulat be alr.owed Perforn their tasks. The rneasures itnposed on the territories were seeD by to reporters a6 unprecedented in their scope since the 1967 war. According co security sources they were. intended to itrrart pl.ans by the organizers of the uprising to turn Land Day. into a particularly ltguificant day .,which would )xot be forgotten for a long tine". The ban on movement into atrd out from the territories was principally intended in order to prevent contact betlreen the Arabs in the territories anal the Israeli Arabs, liong other the territories it was announced that ,,extensiveneasures preceding the closure of arrescs,, were carried out of youths suspected of part_icipating, organizing or of protest actions on Land Day. (Ha,aretz, 29 ;nd 30 being liable to take part in March 1988) 164' on 30 March 1988, Lana Day was narked in the disturbances, Four Arabs were reported dead fron territories rith rnany viorent shooting in the West Bank, sone 50 were injuretr and 3 soldier* urrd r rsraeri civir.ians were stone-throwing' The reported reason for the large nunber slightry injured from of casualties lras the order given to troops to deal with any disorder ,,very toughly,,. There were many incidents of-firinq by troops and nany of the injured hatt gun shot wounds, Most of the violent incidents and clashes occ-urred in viJ.lages and along nain roads. fn tordns residents stayed at home in a ,,se1f_irnposed curfew,,. In Deir Abu .the. Mash'al, near Rafiallab, a 50-year-old wornan. wajiha Rabi. was shot other viltager. were iniured v.hen troops opened fire at virlagers dead and four $rho attacked them with axes, iron bars ani sti.cks. One iotilier was injured. In Shuyakh, rroops shot and killed Abdel Karirn Halaikeh, 25. and wounded six boy' a teenage girr a,.d an ord nan. Four others lrerevillagers, including a you'g injured by rubber bul].ets. In Burka troops shot and kilfed Khaled Aref Kassern. 22, arrd fn Deir Bazi', near Rarnallah, Shater Al_Malasa, 20, was shotinjured trro viflagers. dead rn Yamun troops shot. and wounded seven vi1tage.". i"" i"ai"q -";; -;, during a riot. According to Arab sources, tlro vil.lagers were seriously wounded. i;;;;i.y. Other violent c.lashes were reported in Beit Urnmar, Nur Shans camp, Isawiya, Bitunia, shuweika. Kafr Dik, Atil. Deir Ghusun. Bani Nain, yatta, Fawar, Jericho, Eiuariya and Hebron

andrat

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area. Some 20 Arabs and a nunber of soldiers were hurt in the incidents' (Ha'aretu, Jerusalem Post, 31 March 1988)
165, On 31 March 1988, the severe restricEions irnPosed on the terriEories before In Yatta trooPs oPened fire at Protesters, anal during Land Day were lifted. kiLling suleinan Ahned Awad AL-Juntti, 18, Dozens of, Persons injuredl during Land Day were sti}l in hospitals in the west Bank. Some were reported to be in a serious condition. In the Gaza Strip, irnrnediately after the lifting of the curfew' disEurbances again occurred in Jabaliya camp and in Rafah. TrooPs oPened fire a! protesters, injuring two. It was also rePorted that a Yanun villager, Malunoud Zaben, who had been injured from shots earlier in Lhe week, dietl of his injuries, in an Israeli hospitat. According to Arab sources another Yamun villager, Hussein Shahin, vas kilLed. (Ha'aretz, Jerusalem Post, 1 April 1988) 166. On I and 2 April 1988, I Arabs were kilfed by trooPs. over 20 were injured and 2 soldiers were injured. On I a.pri1 1988, trooPs opened fire at Protesters in Idna, killing 2 antl injuring 13. .Iamat a-Tamai zi-. 2o, was kil.Led frorn a direct hit by a tear gas grenade and Ishak salairni' 18. was shot dead' on 2 April 1988' an army conmander shot and killeal salim Khafaf a-sha'er, 23, vtho was about to throw a petrol bomb at lroops, At least three others were injured in the incident, uhich occuEred in Bethlehem. Il1 Beit Likia, near Rarnallatr, trooPs shot antl killed Jihad Mustafa Asi. 18, and in the nearby village of Deir Sudan, Several others were injured. In Gau a a Hanis Mahmoud Ahmed, 41, was kiIled. violent cfash was rePorted between soldiers and local youths during which oue soldier was stabbed in the chest and seriously injured. Another soldier oPened fire at the attackers killing three and injuring two. The three victims were all mernbers of tshe Al-Kurdi farnily, In Jerusalem a Police officer was stabbed in the abdomen when police dispersed worshipPers in the TemPle Mount after the Friday prayers, His attacker was caPtured. (Ha'arecz. Jerusal'em Post, 3 APril 1988) 167. On 3 April 1988, Chree Arabs died in the West Bank. Khal'il Hanzawi, 18, from Askar canp, was el.ectrocuted when soLdiers ordered hin to rernove an object' believed to be a Palestinian fl.ag. fron a power line. In Tulkarem Ma'mun .tarad, 15, was ki]led when he climbed an electric Pylon to hang a Palestinian flag' The boy suffered an electric shock and feLl to the ground. Ali Diab Abu-A]i, 40, fron Yatta. ttho had been injured the previous alay, died of his wounds. At feast 120 Arabs had been killed since the start of the uPrising on 9 December 1987' severaL other disturbances occurrett in the west Bank. one soldier was injuretl in the head from stone-throwing. (Ha'aretz, JerusaLern Post. 4 April 1988)
168. On 4 April 1988, a total commercial and transPort strike v,as observed in the Lerritories to protest the visit of Unitecl States Secretary of State George Shultu. Nevertheless, sone 40 per cent of the Gaza residents, went to their jobs. rn Bani Nain, near Hebron, troops oPened fire at protesters, killinq Handi Abitel Maldi zeitlat, 20. other viotent demonstrations took Place in Bethlehen, A-Rarn, Anabta, Nur Shams. rdna and elsewhere' several Persons were injured, including a flve-year-o]d boy who was hit in the eye by a rubber bullet when troops dispersed protesters in Nablus. In RhaD Yunis Hatnza Abu shaheb, 23. Incialents were also who had been injured on Land Day, tlied of his injuries' (Ha'aretz' -J-g-I]f6n-1-en-19!. reported in several areas of East Jerusalen. 5 April 1988)

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169' on 6 April 1988, a violent clash occurred between a group of teenagers fron the Eilon-Moreh accornpanied by two arned guards, and villagers from 'ettlement, Beita' ?he incident started ntreu ttre gro-up or 16 youths who lrere craver.ring in che area were surrounded by stone-Ehrowing Arabs. otre of the guards, Roman Ardubi, fired at the attackers, killrng Musa ialeh Baui-shamsa, zo and Hatem Faiz Alrmed, 19, and seriousty injuring a third virlager, Many vr).ragers lhen atcactred the group, A settler girl, Tiraa porat, 15, was kill.ed. ffre guard seriously injured when he was hit in the head by heavl, stones, Atttubi ras Some of the village women then tooh several settler girl6 to thelr hornes atd shel.tered then there until the incident was over' others c;rled Red atnbura[ces the dead and injured were evacuated, The crescent.lrad not beenfrom Nablus, by which journey co-ordinateal $ith the IDF and the nilitary authorities learald about it onLy afEer states ter'evision crews arrived on the scene. on r.o April lggg, three Unlted it that rirza Porat from Eilon-Moreh was killed by a bulret fired from was reported the rifle of the guard Ardubi. During the rreekend the rDF ienorished 13 houaes iD Beita. Military sources saiat the homes belonged to person' suspec.ed of ,,physicalry participaring in the attack on the children,'or who red Troops shot ard killed Issan Bani Shansa, 14, Irho fled aud ineitea the atEacr,,. frorn them during near che vir'lage' Huudreds of villagers ,"ere detaioed i"i q";";r."iif,= searches .r,a, ."".pt for 50, wre later released. (lla,arJtz,
JerusaLem post., Z Jna 10

Aprit

t98S)

17O. On 11 April 1988. troops opeled fire at protesters in the vilLage of Ra,i. near Jenin, kilJ.ing three and injuring others. The dead were named as Jalal Raja Abu-Hajir, zr, urlrrurn .a Abi e1_Kader yahya, zO, ard ""rr"r.-l ruad Azia Muhannad Saleh, 22, (!ta,arets, 12 April lggg)

171. on 13 April t9BB, aa rDF spoke6man military authorities were investigating the death circumslances oesaitt theMalunud Kahua, 21, gassii from shati camp and of wakfa Abd Latif, i0, who died after iDhaliug tear gas. .A,ccording to Arab sources an eLderly rroman, suad Alnred yussuf, 95, died trro day6 earrier after being beaten by soldiers. The rDF flat'y tteniea the arlegation. viorent demonstrations were held in Jabaliya canp, Khan yunis, Rafah and caza. Troops raided several West Bauk villages, Doze[s of vi1.],agers r.ere arrested, (Ha,aretz, JerusaLem post, 14 April
tg8B)

172' on 14 Apri] 1988, vior.ent disturbances occurred ia Nablus. at youths who were hurling brocks at them from roof-tops. wahif Troops opened fire raha Nazan, 24. was kit]ed. His death triggered off a rnass fuaeraf demonstration, in vrhich at least two persons were injuietl. Ir aDother 22, uas shot and kirJ.ed by troop.. His funeral turned into Nafer Falmi al-Liatawi, "..u or the torrna viorent denonstration, which troops tri-d to disperse. Seven more persons rdere injured from gunshots. In other incidents u yo,.it fron the Tulkarem refugee camp was shot and wounded after a border-guard patrol uas attacked with stones. The canp iras placed under curfew and troops sealed several entrances. Near the aekon sett.lenent an 8-year-old settler boy tras injured in the head frorn stone-throning. violent disturbances were also reported i! the GaEa Strip. According to Arab sources nany PeoPle were injured fron tear-gas poisoning and manlf arreats rf,ere made. (Ha,aretz, Jerusalem post, 1S April 1988)

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173. On 16 April 1988, at least 1l Arabs - and according to Arab sources L5 persors - were kilteal in clashes trith troops in a nave of violent Protests aual demonstrations in the territories fol.lowing the murder in lunis of Khalil e1-wazir (Abu-Jihatl), the top PLo official. There were dozens of, injuretl, itrcluding some seriously, and dozons were hospitalized with rubber-bullet and tear-gas injuries. The wave of, alemonstrations arxd clashes rras described as the worst siDce the beginlilg of the uprising in December 1987. The follottitrg details were rePorted They were conceruing the casualties: in the Gaza Strip sevetr Arabs were killetl. named as ,Jamal Hassin Sharada, 18, from Bureij, Ranan Anar Rabu ,Anar, 22' ftom Khan Yuaisi Wahab Abat Atwa, 17, fron Rafaht Dissar aL-BughL, L7, f,rom Rafahi .Iatnal aL-,Janal, 25, frorn Rafaht Shukri Ibrahin al-Durna, 22, from Abassani and Mahmud Abu-Zigar frorn Rafah. Sone 8o injured persons were hospitalizetl in the A11 the injuries in that area wre Gaza Strip, including 10 with serious iajuries. reportedly caused by IDF shooting. I! the t{est Bank the follo$ing casua}ties were reported: in Jenin, thre loca1 residents were killed fron IDF shootings: Eilmi Ibrahim Abttallah, 23t Saada Abalallah Kir'awi, a 4o-year-old wonani ard 25. In Ha.bta, near RaLkiLiya, Hala Awad Arnira, 20, vas kil]ed, Bassam al-Hariri, probably by a settler, Her boily was selt to the forensic institute for examination. In the aame itrcident a g-year-olal boy, Yusuf Awad Shabval, uas seriously rdourded i! the head. fu Kabatiya, Muhyi lkneil, 20, was shot antl killetl by troops. Arother 15 vitlagers were iajured. According to Arab sources Maher Hatabi, 17, flas killed in a clash at Silwad. other Persons were injured at Mazraa Sharkiya, Tekna aDd Nablus, (Ha'aretz, Jerusalem Post, 17 April 1988) 174. On 1? April L988, a relative calm was restored ia the territories due to a very heavl. preseDce of, troops, curfews and the begiunirg of the month of RamadaD. The news rnedia were banDed from entering most of the vfest Batk areas. Five of the persons injureal the previous day dieat in hospital. They inclualed ziyail Taefik Amarna, 14, frorn Yabed, nar Jenini the other four were residents of the Golan whose names were not reported. There were several rePorts of clashes with troops and use of live bullets, (Ha'aretz, .terusalem Post, l8 APril 1988) 175. On 18 ApriL 1988, the general strike continued in the territories ilr Protest over the killing of Abu-ilihad, and a population of over 400,000 was uqder curfert, for the secoad day running. The news rnealia ban continued in the West Bank. In Tel el-SuLtan neighbourhood in Rafah, Ahned Musa A'iah, 20, vas kiLld by an IDF officer, reportedly after resisting arrest. Aida Totah, a 26-year-o1d moEher of six from the zeituu neighbourhood in Gaza, tras killed ia unknowa circurnstances. Dostors at the Ahli HospitaL said she died as a result of a gunshot injury in her nec}. (Jerusalen Post, 19 April 1988) 1?6. on 19 April 1988, Nizar Masad, 23, who l|as seriously iajuretl in the head the previous day fron IDF shooting in the vil.Iage of Fakn'a, near ,Jerin, tlietl of his wounds. In the sane incideat a six-year-old girl, Farial al-Jaloudi, was injuretl in the 1eg and hospitalized. In the Gaza StriP there were denonstrations lear the mourners' tent for Abu-Jihaal, in the Daraj neighbourhood in Gaza. TrooPs used tear gas and fired in the air to disperse protestrs. Similar demonstratiotrs yrere reported iu the Shati canp, where A1lah ed-Dit Abu-Hasara, 19, was injured and hospitalized. The general strike, curfews and uews nedia baD continued. Ir Jalazun the IDF authorized three UNRWA trucks to bring i! food suPPLies. (ga'aretz, 20 April 1988)

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177' on 21 April 1989, serious disturbances were reported in various Strip. At Nuseirat refugee canp hundreds of protesters defied areas of the a curfew and held a nock funeral. for Abu-.Iihad. iroop" fired tear gas and rubber butlets, and later opened fire. Mohannad Hassan Nasslr, 20, was kille. and 12 others lrere injured by gunfire, incruding one seriously. T?o others o,ere hospitalized in Gaza with brolcen linbs' Mock funerals and crasies with troops ytere afso reported in Ramallah, Beit-Sahur and fsawiya, in East Jerusalen. (Ha,aretz, Jerusa.Letn post, 22 April t9B8)
Gaza

178' on 22 April r98g' serious disturbances occurred in the caza strip and on in .terusalen. Faraj rsnait russuf, 26, from rdna, near Hebron, the was killed after a].legedly attacking a border-guard policenan, 25' from Baui-suheiteh. in tbe Gaza strip. was shot dead. Mahmud Faiz Abu_Ari, rn Jabariya canp troops opened fire at stone-throlring crowds. fielve .nrabs !.rere injured, incl.udirg two seriously' They were hospitatized in rsrae.r. Anong nine-year-old children. In the rioting on the Ternpletho6e injurett there were three prayers, poJ.icemen used clubs and rubber bullets to Mount.. follorring the Friday disperse protesteis. Sorne 30 rere arrested. on 23 Apri] I9gg, Hanad ttustafa Abu_Zeid, AO. l.ras shot dead in T-lb?tiya after allegedly tryiDg to attack a borde!_guard poLicenan with an axe. (Ha'aretz, Jerusalen post, 24 April 1988)
Ternple Mount
_

179. On 24 April 19eg, it was learnt that. Ahmed Salem Amer, 22, from Beit Harush had been shot dead on 22 April 198g afber throwing a petrol bomb on troops. According to Arab sources a 6o-year-or.d vronan frorn Beit unmar died on 23 April lggg after inhaling tear-gas funes oi a grenade throirn into her hone. fDF sources denied that any incident had occurred in that area, (IIa,aretz. 25 Aprir tg8g) 180. on 27 April 1988. a l4-year_old qir], Arij safman Daoud, fron A_Dik, near Tulkarern, tlied of injuries sustained fle pre.,riirrs day during a violent clash between troops and villagers,-who tried tl prevent the soldiers from entering the nosque to remove palestinian ttags ani roua speakers. According to Arab '0ca1 sources sone 30 vilLagers were injured in the clashes. (Ha,aretz, Jerusal,em post, 28 Apri] 1998 )

181' on 28 April 1988, two serious incidents occurred in the west Bank villages of Ma'alek and salen when troops entered the viJ.rages to c.rear road-brocks and rernove Palestinian ffags. In both villages ctasfres ,ere reportea. In Ma,alek, in the Ramallah district, sari Hilal, 35, was shot dead when troops fired at a person who threw a petrol bonb at then, According back. Several viLLagers were injured. to araf "ources Hilal was shot in the In Salem, in Nablus clistrict, two women and two men were injured in crashes betvreen troops and villagers. other incidents were reported in Hebron. Nablus. Beit Sahur and Abwin. near Rana.llah. (Ha,aretz, Jerusalen post, Z9 Aprit 1988) 182' on 30 April 1988, a clash rras reported in and settlers fron Kiryat-Arba. on 1 iay 19gg, Hebron between Arab stone-throwers several serious incidents were rePorted in the West Bank. lrhere a totai business strike aras observed. In the village of Faku'a, near elenin, Naim yussuf Abu Farha, en.ered the village to clear road-b10cks and remove 20, r,ras kitled when rroops ilags. soldiers and they fired bak. A prelininary investigat.ion vilr.agers stoned the into the incident found

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that lhe firing was unjustified, and the deputy conPany cornnander resPonsible for the soldiers involved in the shooting wa6 suspended from his Post for the duratio! of the investigation. (I{a'aretz. .terusalern Post. 2 May 1988)
183. On 2 May J.988, Nidal Abu-shomar, 7'1 , from Beit vlazzarr, near Nablus, died after being etectrocuted on a high-voltage power line he hacl clirnbetl to hang a Palestinian flag. Sources in Nablus said a 80-year-old man, Muhanrnad Hussein al-Muhi. frorn Ein Beit Alma camp. died of gunshot wounds suffered the previous day, but this could no! be confirned by the IDF. Arab sources also reported that ossama ltusli Abu-Rub, from Kabatiya, was seriously injured. An arny spokesma! said this wouLil be investigated. (Ha'aretz, Jerusalem Post, 3 May 1988)

184, on 3 May 1988, violent disturbances were rePolted in many areas, resultsing in the death of three youths: olnar Muhanmad Ali Maaa6ra, 18, and Nidal Salem Balut. 19, from the village of Bani Naim, near Hebron, and Khaled Arira. 23, from Balata camp. some 20 others were injured from shots or tear gas. Raid Mustabah, 18. fron Sajai'ya, in the Gaua Strip, was shot and lrounded after being invofved in rioting. A lo-year-old boy from Khan Yunis, Ossana Abu Mustafa. rrho had been shot aud wounded several days earlier, was said !o be paralysed in both legs as a result of Lhe wounding. (Ha'arehz. Jelusalem Post, 4 May 1988) 185. On 4 May 1988' two youths were shot dead in the Jabaliya camp in bhe Rizik Hussein sabbah, 17, and Janal Malunud el-Mad'oun, 20i seven Gaza striP: others were injuretl, An IDF spokesman reported that the troops oPened f ir:e at protesters after failing to disperse them and when it aPpeared that the soldiers were in danger. According to Arab sources a third Gaza resident, Hassan al-Naiah, 52, died as a resuLt of tear-gas injury. IDF sources said he could have died of a heart attack, and that the case was being investigated. (Ita'aretz, Jerusalem Post, 5 May 1988 ) 186. On 9 May 1988, there were widespread demonstrations and disturbances. as nell The most as a genelaf strike, to mark five months of uPrising in the territories. Dheisheh camP, arhere residents bLocked the serious incident occurreal in Jerus aLem-Ilebron highway and stoned cars, including rnilitary aad seLtler vehicles' Settlers, members of the "Connittee for Safe Roads" ( kDovtn to be identified $it'h the Kach novement ) opened fire aE protesters' Later troops arrived and cLashed vrith protestels. Troops opened fire to disperse the protesters and two bullets hit ttre house of Ibrahirn Ahtned Hussein, 35. The nan was fatallY wounded in the head and later died in hospital, (Ha'aretz, Jerusafem Post, 10 May 1988)
187. On 12 May 1988, five persons were shot and wounded in Nablus when tlooPs opened fire to disPerse demonstlators. It was also rePorted that a vilfager f,rom Ibadiya, Abd ef-Karirn Atiyah, 22, diecl in Ramallah Hospital of wounds suffered in clash with troops on 30 March 1988. (IIa'areLz, Jerusalem Post, 13 May 1988) 188. On 16 May 1988, the first day of the Ial al-Fitr holitlay, violent incidents were reporteal in rnany areas. In Azmut, near Nablus, trooPs opened fire at protesEers, killing Ala eL-Din Salah, 15. Three other villagers vrere injured in the clashes. In Jaba.liya carnp, in Gaza. a miliEary cor nander opened fire at a glouP of youths who stoned the soldiers. A youth, Jihad Nassam al-Abassi, 15' was

a

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killeil, and two others were injured, other violent demonstrations r,rere Kalkiliya. Tufkarem and El-Bireh. In ldna, near Hebron, three villagers hefd in were injured frorn border-guard policemen shooting. rn Nabrus and Ein neii l,trna carnp residents defied curfews and demonstrated. According to Arab sources seven Gaza residents, including a woman, were injured fron beating. (Ha,aretz, Jerusalem Post, 17 May 1988)
189. On 18 May 1988, a serious clash took place between troops and viLlagels in Abwein, north of R.nallah, Troops backed iy helicopters and bulldozers entered the village, and the nearby villag" of Aa!,t. - ioth setf-clecfared ,,Liberateal to conduct house-to-house searches. They.were attacked by hundreds of areas,, stone-throwing youths' The troops used iear gas and youth continued t.o attack, the force comrandei openedrubber burrets and, when the fire, killing Majdi Yussuf Hi1la1, 16. antt critically wounding a 27_year_old vonan, Fatman Yussuf Kassem- several others iere taken to Ramallah Hospitar grith injuri.es caused by beating' Three Nabru' residents were injured from rDF others were injured fron rubber burlet.s. Near the rsraeli l.calityshooting, and ten of Beit Meir, west of Jerusalem, the bocly of Hustri Muhamnad Mahsiri, 40, frorn Dheisheh, vras found. The man's funeraL, in BethLehem. developed into a denonstration. which was dispersed with tear gas and ru-bber bulrets. severar persons were injured, and a curfew was imposed in the area. (Ha'aretz, .lerusal.en post, 19 May 19gg)

190' on the weekend of 20-22 May 1988, violent disturbances and incidents involving the throwing of petrol bombs weie reported, nainly in the ,,Samaria,, district, resultinq in the death of three parestinians and the r+ounding of severar rsraer.is and Palest.inians. On 20 May 1ggg, a Z4_year_old wornan from the Tul.karem refugee canp, Kawthar Khaled Mare'i, r,ras shot in the chest by protesters, She died of her wounds the next day. On troops who were dispersiug 21 May 1988, Muhammad Ka'adan, 38, and his rnother, Shaseh el_Ka,adan, 65, fron Deir G'ussun, were burned to death when a petror bonb r.as thrown at their car at shweika, near Tulkarem. Fierce cLash( rroops used rear sas, ;ff"::';"ii:::'::."1i;:"iffi"1:;::":.t;r:;::3:T,:#"1::::" (Ila'aretz, Jerusalen post, 23 May 19gB)
Gaza
Muhantnad Saidi al_Ludi, 45, from the Bureij camp in the strip' died in unc.r.ear circumsbances forlowing a cr.ash between lroops trying to enforce a curfew on the camp and local residents. IDF officers lrere reportealLy investigating the case. (tta,aietu, Jerusalem post. z5 May 1988)

191. On 24 May 1988,

192' on 25 May 1988, many disturbances and crashes were reported, as the popufation of the West Bank and Gaz clavs since the murder of Abu-Jihad. (Ha,arerz, .rerusar.ern posl,?TTti;#)40

193' On-27 May 1988, Ayad Ibrahirn zeid, L6,.lrho wa6 injured on 7 February L988, died and was buried in (alkitiya. Anin Rajeb Abu_Radaha, who was injured on 25 May 1988, died and was buried in .lalazun. rn zeitun neighbourhood in three-year-old girr, Dunya Minir wassiri, died, allegedry after inhaling caza. a tear-gas fwres' fDF sources said no tear-gas canisters were fired in the area on that date. (Ha'aretz, Jerusalem post. 29 May 19BB)

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194. On 29 May 1988. In'am Ghanam, 25, from the village of 'taba' north of Nablus' was shot in the heart antl killed when troops oPened fire at a crowd of villagers attacking thetn with stones. The wonan had allegedly tried to assault the soldiers after one of her relatives was ltounded. (Ha'aretz, Jelusalem Post' 30 May 1988) 195. on 30 May 1988, a nine-rnonth-otd girl, Huda Mas'outl' losl an eye and suffered a fractured arm when trooPs oPened fire wilh rubber butLeLs at Protesters in Jabaliya canp. The childis rnother, Najah Mas'o\d, 29, was stightly injured' violent disturbances were also reported in Rafah and Shati canPs' Seventeen In persons were hospitalized lrith beatings. tear-gas and rubber-bu1let. injuries. and youths' Nablus, two persons were shot and vtounded in clashes between troops (Jerusalem Post, 31 MaY 1988) 196. On 1 June 1988, rioting was rePorted in Tulkarern followinq the death of a 12-year-oldboy,MajdiAbu-Safaka.FierceclasheswithsofdierseruPtedduringthe boyi s funeraf. Other disturbances were reported in the Al-tunary refuqee camp and in oLher camps in the RamalLah region. (Ha'aretz, Jerusafem Post' 2 June 1988)

197' on 3 June 1988, in a clash with IDF forces in the vilfage of safa' near Rarnallah. Muhanmad rssa Ghanem, 26, was killed when an officer oPened fire at stone-throwers' violent disturbances were rePorLed during the ltee*end in several other West Bank localities and in the Gaza StriP. (Ha'aretz, Ma'ariv' 5 'Iune 1988) I98. on 5 June t988, a general stlike was observed in the territories lo Protest against the visit of Uniteil States Secretary of SLate George Shuftz' Arab Dernonstrations were reported in several west Bank an'l Gaza localities' A-sawiya' near Nablus' had soulces rePorted bhat Hassan Khader frorn the village of been nurdered on 4 .tune 1988. There was no confirmation of that information by Israeli sources. The Southern Region conunander. Yitzhak Mordekhai' instructed the civil aclrnini st ration in Gaza to grant "financial and rnoraf assistance" Lo the fanily of the nine-month-old baby girt, Huda Mas'oud, who had lost an eye as a result of a rubber-bul}et shooting. (Ha'aretz, 6 .Iune 1988)
199. on 6 June 1988, another g-rnonth-oLd baby girl flon Jabaliya c arnP lost an eye as a resulb of rubber-bullet shooting. She was narned as Saida Samir Al-sharafi' Three other persons were injured in the incidenc and were hospitalized' The incident occurred when youths threw stones at troops when the curfe" in the camp was lifted for two hours to aflow residents to buy food' Troops fired rubber trullets to di6perse ttre s tone- thro$re rs . (Ha'aretz, Jerusalern P.q6!. 7 June 1988)
200. on 7 June 1988, an unidentified assail-anb stabbed the appoinied Mayor of E1-Bireh, Hassan A-Tawi'1, seriously injuring him' A-Tawil vras hospitalized in Ramallah and was oPerated on. (tla'aretz, Jerusalem Post, I June 1988)
\

2Ol, On I June 1988. a clash between soldiers and yillagers was rePorted in Beit Fure.ik, near Nablus' The clash occurred fotlowing a night raid on the village, during which it was placed under curfer" and 19 cards \'rere confiscated from residents who owed taxes. According to Arab sources Abdallah Khaled Khalaf' 25' who was injured three rnonths earfier near Abu Dis when a Lear-gas grenade hit him directfy, died in Moqased HosPitral in Jerusalern, rePortedfy from conPlications of

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spinal injuries. It was also reported that gassin Jana, Jabaliya refugee camp, died the previous night on his wayAbu_Jalaleh. ZO, from to his fanily he had been caught by troops on suspicion of to hospitar. According stone-throwing and was severely beaten in alt parts of his bocty, including the head. The to the forensic institute and the fDF w-as reportealLy investigatilg body was talen the case. (Ha'aretz. q June 1988 )
202' ou g June 1988, there were sidespread demonstrations and disturbances to nark si:r rnonths since the beginning of the uprising in the territories, soldier opened fire at Imad Hassan Hawa-ri , Lll wno was reportedLy rn sebastia a about to throw a heavy stone at him' Most of the viotent demonstrations started i,' the west Bank schooLs' rn Nabrus demonstrations were described as ,,the serious in six weeks"' sotdiers used r.ive ainnunition and at reastnost youths a'd violent two wefe injured' violent denonstrations and petrof-bomb attacks were ar.so reported in the caza Strip. (Ha'aretu. Jerusatern posl, 10 June t98B) 203. On 10 and 11 June 19gg, there were severaL cars, but there lrere no reports of casualties. petrol,_bomb attacks on Israeli It security services had succeeded in iaentifying and was a].so reported that the arresting the assailant who tried to murder the Mayo-r oi gf_Sireh. He the man believed to be was named as qamis Jawda Faraj, 26, fron JaLaaun. ffri s,rsf""t,s house in Ja.Iazun was dernolished. (Ha,aretz, Jerusalem post, 12 Ju;e 19S8) 204' on 12 June tgSB' violent clashes were reported in severar rocalities in the territories' Two youths r,rere kirled and two;thers, as wer.r as an rsrae.li settrer, were injured' At Dheisheh canp soldiers shot and wounded three peopre, one of them seriously' during crashes with mourners at the funeral of a 13-year-old boy found dead in a well. (& aretz, Jerusal.em post, 13 June tggg) 205, On 13 June 1988, Deib Mahmud Ilussein El_Ali, was kil'ed in unclarified circumstances forlo!.ing 43, from Abwej.n, near RanaLtah, a mass village. His body, with gunshot injuries, was discoveredarrest operation in the after the operation. The ID!' was invesbigating. Serious clalhes were reported in Balata camp. rn many _ localities women and children held denonstrations and narches. (Ha,arerz, 14 June 19BB)

206' on 15 June 1988, several petrof-bonb attacks and other rePorted' A general strike was observed in the territories violent incldents lrere and closed in the West Bank, by order of the civil administration. alr schoors were (Ha,aretz, JerusaLem post, 16 .Iune 19gB)
207. On 17 and 18 June 198g, nany serions clashes were reported. resulting in tlro deaths and rnany injured. On 17 June 198g. at daqn. a viofent clash occurred in Beit Furik when troops arrived in oldei to demorish the house of Ahned Hanani, who was servinqr a life sentence for the murder of Nabrus Mayor zafer Et-Masri. A crowd of villagers threw petrol bombs and b.l.cks at the sordiers and the commanaler, considering that there was danger to the sofdiers, fives. ordered thern to open fire. Taysir al-Meleitat, 25, was shot dead othexs were including five seriously. The troops finally and severa.lin irnposing injured, succeeded a curfew and proceeded to denolish the house, Serious disturbances were also reported in

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Page 45 Khan Yunis camP trooPs several Gaza StriP tocal'ities and in East Jerusalem' In and rocks at Lhen' bornbs opened fire aE a crowd of, youths r'rho threyt Petrol A l4-year-old boy' rd Mahmud af-Ashali' tzl was killed' Ra'id Khaled Haj Yusuf, violent incidents were was injured in the J.eg froln shots' On 18 June 1988' persons were rrpoaa"a in Brukin, south-west of Nabtus' and in Balata' Several and EI-Bireh' (Ha'aretz' injured. PuPils' Protests were also rePorte'l in RanaL]ah Jerusalem Post, 19 .tune 1988) was seriously injured 208. on 19 June 1988, a vill-ager from SaLem' in Nablus area' disturbances were reported in the neck when trooPs op.n.i fitt at tioters' Other (tta'aretz' Jerusalen Post' in Ranallah, Nablus, lsrai camp aud the Gaza Strip'

20 June

1988

)

stabbed to death in 209. On 20 .Iune 1988, an Israeli civilian' Eli Cohen' 33' ltas Hebron-Kiryat Gat road' The the Moshav Shekef, located close to the Green Line' on Arabs nere sorne on 8 west Bank vill'ages in the reqion' and$hen a20 IDF irnposed curfews Pecrol bonb detained for questioning. In Gaza, two sol'diers were injured Gaza Strip was placed The entire was thrown at a patrol in the town's rnain street' were rePorted in under curfew aad susPects were detained' other disturbances 21 June 1988) Khan Yunis and the AmaL neighbourhood' (tla'aretz' with lrooPs' 210' on 21 June 1988, several Arab youths were injured in clashes arrest searches an'l Several west Bank villages were sea-ted off in others' un'ler curfew' operations were carried out, and several localities were stil1 (ia'aretz, .terusalern Post. 22 June 1988) Rafah and in several" 2I1. On 22 .tune 1988, violent disturbances were rePorted in stone-thf,owers' west Bank towns. rn Rafah trooPs oPened fire at were injured' A soldier was Taled Raziz zakut, 16, was t<itl-ed, and several others injured in the heatl. (IIa'aretz' Jerusalem PosJ' 23 June 1988) schools in 2!2. oa 26 June L988, violent disturbances vtere reported in high lo disperse rioEers' injuring Nablus. TrooPs fired tear gas and rubber bullets several of then. (Ha'aretz, 27 June 1988) from Taiba' near 213. on 29 June 1988' a 15-year-o1d boy' Ibrahim Ghassan Anrukh' denonstration The Ramaflah, was killed lthen trooPs oPened fire at Protesters' r"hich destroyed an olive grove' followed a fire, all-egedty staltea ly setLlers' (Ila'areLz, ,te!usalem Post' 30 June 1988) in Ramatlah HospitaL 214. on 30 June 1988, Arafat Hanani' 17' fron Beit Furik' died violent disturbances ltere reported in Nablus' frorn injuries sustained earlier' (Ila'aretz' Ma'ariv' 1 July 19BB) Ramallah. Jenin and many villages' Beit Furik' ' 20' from 215. on I July 1988' it t^'as rePorted that Arafat Aitad Hanani die'l at hhe Ramallah who bad been shot duri.ng a demonstration tlro weeks earlier' and East Jerusalern Ilospital on 30 June rs88. Sevelal Arabs were injureil in Nablus Several Persons ntere when trooPs and Police fired tear gas at demonstrators' Jerusalem' arresLed. severaL student demonstrations r'rere reported in East (Jerusafem Post, l- JulY 1988)

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216' on 3 July 1988, hundreds of Musrins rioted and stoned policenen in the old city of Jerusarern forlowing digging by the Religious Affairs Ministry in the via Dororosa' in the Mustin Quarter. ""rri.J'o.,t the Temple Mount calr'ed on- Muslin worshippersThe rioting started after a muezzin on wexe trying to penetrate the Ternple t,touni-by to defend che mosgues from .rews irho <rigging a tunnel. police anar border police used tear gas and rubber bullets, seileo the Loudspeakers used by the muezzins' violent orr the Ternpr.e Mount and cu. off rsraeli traffic later spread.from the oltt city incidents and stone-throrring ac to other areas in East Jerusalern. Seven Arabs were arrested. (Ha,aretz, Jerusa'lem post, 4 Jury lggg) 217-. On 8 and q July 19gg, nany violent Bank. In Tubas, north of nablus, troopsdisturbances were reported in the West opened fire at demonstrators. --bdor.o Abd el-Kader Dagharma, zz, was rrit in itre Another villager was shot in the thigh, nn ion and rater ttie' in hospital. under way into the incident. In the Jabaliya spot."rnan said an investigation was refugee camp in Gaza, Fal.ek Salim Radnan Hussein, 25, was killed lnal two other residents vrere shot and injured' The circwnstances of the incident rdere not cfear. An rDF spokesman said an investigation was under way. (rf.,.r"i". .Ielusare, post, l0 July 1988) 218' on 10 Jury 1988, viorent clashes generaL business and transport strile continued in rnany west Bank locafities. A was curfew. In a violent c.lash in Aslrar camp observed and seven l.carities were under youths, hitLinq zuhadi Mansour at zureiki, t.oop" op"oaa fire at stone_throwing hospital. rn Nablus, Amjad Hawaja, 17, wasri.':.r, ttre thighs. He later died in after he was aflegedly seen trying to thro" shot in the chest and seriously injured a the Old City. His shooting spartea off a $ravebrick at rDE troops from a rooftop in Other clashes were reported in fdna, yatta and of serious rioting in ehe town. Dhahiriya, near Hebron, and in Jenin. (Ha,aretz, ,Jerusalem post, 1l JuIl. 19;8) 219' on 11 Juty 198g, serious rioting and c.lashes continueal in Nablus for the running. Faras ::::19:""tances . At least Anabrawi, 17, was shor dead by troops in unclear c r rc.tms nine others (16, according t.o Alab soi,rces; were iniurea from gunshots, rn Anabta troops opened fire enPty bottres at them' Hassan ahrned Adas, at protesters who threrd stones and 16, was viotent demonstrations were reported in Dheisheh, shot ttead by the troops. other caza. (Ha'aregE. Jerusalern poit. 12 Jury t9B8j Tulkaren and the nearby camp and 220. on 13 Jury 1988, two youths died in Nabtus of wounds sustained earrier: AJrijad Hawaja, 17, and sarnir A-Sayeh, 16, The news of the youths, death sparked off renewed rioting in the tor,rn, in spite of rioters. seriousty injuring Kharea Jabar,the curfew. Troops opened fire ar 25. other cfashes were reported in the lYal":.^: 19BB nearby camp and Nur_shans camp. (Eej_aretu, ,terusalern post. 14 July
)

.1r.t: O" 15 and 16 July 1988. violent c.lashes Nablus' Faias A-Nimmirn, 25' frorn snati carnp.wele reported in Tutkarern and in Ji.a in shifa lrospital in caza after being severely beaten four months earlier. His funera. sparked off serious rioting "t.i-.. .An lDF spokesrnan denied that rhe death was the result of rhe l:^-al: beating, (Ha'aretz,, Jerqs=e]em pas!, 17 July 1988)

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Anabta and Tulkaren' rn 222. On 17 July 1988, iacidents were rePorted in Kabatiya' in the head and Khan Yunis, a lA-year-oLd boy, Asanah Saleh Nasser' was injured ordered to climb and rernove abdomen when be fefl frorn th-e local mosque aft.er being

aPalesEinianflag.viotentdernonstlationswererePortedinshaticanpfo}lo!,ging thedeaEh,thepreviousttay,ofFarasA-Ninnim'lnPetan-Tikva'Israel'asoldier' the Arab youth Yossi Hadassi, shot Ma'aau-z Abde I' Rahman yarni\' 22' to death af,Eer The atEacker' a villager hatt allege(lly attacked him and trietl to grab his rifle' being oPerated on in hospital' from Jit, near Nablus, tlietl of his wounds after (Ila'aretz, Jerusalem Post, 18 July 1988) sahur after the 223. orr 18 July 1988, widesPread demonstrations took place in Beit deatbofEdmondEliasGhanem,lT'Theyouthwaskilleditheuabigbrickdropped that fron a buildinq useal as a look-out Post by troop6' Local residents alleged tbe soldiers dropped the brick cleliberaiely, but IDF senior officers investigatetl on the towu' death and saitt it was a "tragic accident"' Troops imposed a curfew asd took to the streets' The troops but thousands of residents violaeect the curfet{ Nablus' after did not intervene' Riots also broke out in Ein Beit ALma camp nearin the head by after beinq injured it beca$e known that JanaL al -Kadurni ' 29' died (Ha'aretz' Jerusalem Post' IDF shooting near Far'a cafitP the previous week'
19 Jul"y
198 8 )

of 224, On 19 July 1988, Nitlal Fuad Rabadi, 16' from the Christian ouarter stoned near after an Israeli' bus was Jerusafem's Old City, was shot tleatl by troops first Arab lhe Dahiat af-Barid neighbourhood, noittt cf Jerusalen' Rabadi was the the beginning of the uPrising' shots dead since resident of .terusalem ,rio ltas During his funeral rioting """ rePorted altd trooPs fired in the air to-disperse in injured protesters. Two policernei were injured, inctucling one who was seriously

thehead.TwentyArabswerearrested'(Ha'aretz'JerusalemPost'20Ju1y1988) were injured 225. On 20 July 1988, three lfest Bank youths were shot dead and seven inseveralseriouscfashes.Inshuyukh'nearl{ebron,trooPsrtereassaultedbya youth who TrooPs 6hoE aL loca1 youths as they wre about to carry out arrests' jeep' The youth' an IDf was alleged1y trying to Lhrow a Petrol bonb at zakiMahnudal-ltalaika'23,tliedinhospital.Threeotheryouthswereinjured.In two Jenin dozbns of youths rioted on the nain road' Troops opened fire' kilLing Urabi' Bassan youths: Hishan ziaat, 22, from the nearby Kufeirat viittge' and Fuadone' from gunfire' including 16, fron a.rabeh. Three others were injured Hamani Mahawish' Abd el-Farah Alian, 25, very seriously in the head' antl another' and clashes afso occurred in 26, in the arm and the head. Violent disorders Post' Ramallah, Bani-Nain and the Hebron and Nablus area6' (Ha'aretz' Jerusalen 2r- July 1988 ) rioting was 226. O^ 21 July 1988, the last day of studies in the west Bank' serious Tvo Persons uere reported in the Casbah area of Nablus and in olher localities' killed in the city when trooPs opened fire at hundreds of studenbs demonstrating Abd et-Aziz' and throwing sLones in bhe Casbah. Mahex Abu-Gha "u:rsl\' 24' and Hussan 23, lrere both shot in the chest. Their funerals sparked off even fierceronrioLing the and troops fired tear gas and rubber bullets and Later irnposed a curfew Sif' 17' entire ciLy and on nearby camPs. rn Danaba, near Tulkarem' Muhamed Taker other incidents involving students an rsraeli Arab, was srrol dead during riots'

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were reported in Ranallah, Hebron, Kabatiya, Dheisheh, Bethfehem, Kalkiliya and Beit sahur' where a curfew \ras ,.irpo""J.- -vior.nt incidents were arso reportear throughout the Gaza strip, r.{here 10'persons iJre injurea from rubber buflets. rn East Jerusalern viofence was desclibed a6 the uprising. (Ha'aretz, Jerusalen posr, ii J"iy norst since the beginnning of ctre ,eael
227 ' on 24 'Iuly 198g, two west Bank serious clashes' rn Kabatiya troop"residents were kilred frorn rDF shooting during op.oai-ii." blocking the main road and Lrrroorin! ol-ie"es ai .a hundreds of protesters who were soralers. yasser Hanan sabana, 25, was ki]l.ed and three others were io5".eO. -orr-ro" officer r.ras also injured.

According bo Arab sour, were shot in rhe head fire at a crowd of stone_throwers, hitting .fi.i" yrr""rlf Kunkar, 40, in the abdornen' rle rater cliecr in ho.pital. vioi.rrt-u -z ai turbance s were ar.so reported in the GaEa strip. According to irab " s -day-old frotn Jabaliya' died frorn gas inhar.ation. "o,r."." rDF sources baby, sair Adnun Baaler, said the baby died ,,frorn natural causes", but the natter !.as under investigation. (Ha,aretE, Jerusalem Post, 25 JuIy 1988 )

:::;::""i"':lrillli"l;"]iiil,l'.?it;.i:,":il :*:;: *:":;r.

228. On 26 July 1988, a 13-year_old girl, Suhei.r Fuad Afana, from Shatr carnp, lras killed when troops opened fire at yo"art" ' rrroo," re throwing rocks and bricks at thern. cfashes were reported in .leiin, and Katkiliya. (Ha,aretz, Jerusa.Lem post, 27 .Iu1; rgBg) ""ffir",

229' On 27 Jury 1988, it was reported thac to patror roads in the Jerusarem area wherethe Kach novement was operating 11 teams ii.""rr cars and buses had recently been attacked' Each teafi consisted of four to five persons armed either arith firearms or $ith cfubs and- iron bars. that tlro Kach menbers had been detainedaroi-q"."ai."in' for the Jerusarem potice said "poka"",orur after police discovered loaded guns, clubs and iron bars i" an.i.-".i] (Ha,aretz, 27 lru1y 19g8) 230. On 28 .Iuly 1988, Hani AdeL a_Turuk, being shot by troops one month earr.ier. 37, from Gaza, died in hospita.l after (lla'aretz, Jelusalern post, 2g .tuly rggg) 231' on 1 August 1988, day one of a two-day general strike in the territ.ories declared by the leadersl .isi,t Arabs ro so".,, Gaza Strip. ""ru,,",,;Tl"i:":n:r::;::t;:.:",:;::::: (Ha'aretz, Jerusatem post, ,-iug""l anrul 232. On 2 August 1988, violent clashes continued, for the second day. in prot.est over the recent expulsions. In Nab.lus, troops opened fire at demonstrators, killing Ala A-Din at-Aghbar. te, and ,""iii"i-air.e others. Another yourh, aged 23' was injured in the-abdone" al-Aghbar's funeraf. The-IDF tried ",n." i.oJp" later crashed $ith participants in grenades thrown from a helicopEer. to ai"p"ri. the participants with tear_gas fn o".'a,-"""ah of Hebron, by trooPs. reportedly after rhey rried ro prevent two youths lrere shot lll ]t]"t:9 r.ocal rrorkers frorn gorng to their jobs in Israef. violent deminstratrons were also reported in Kalandiya camp and in the Shati and Bureij ,ulnf" in Cu".. (Ila,aretz, 3 august 1988)

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233. on 3 August 19g8, viotent riots continued in Nablus' In Bethlehen trooPs canP' rn the opened fire it ,ioE..", seriously injuring a youth frorn the Aida curfews were lifted to enable Gaza Strip clashes and tlisturbances eruPted when the gas cle poputition to buy food. rn shati dozens were injured from beating and in eye from a rubber bullet inhalation. A l5-year-o1d boy was injured in the Bureij, (Ea'aretz. 4 August 1988)
234. On 5 August 198E, troops opeued fire at two youths who were seen throwing the of petrol bornbs at an rsraeli car, without hitting it' On 6 August 1988' oneof his setllement' died |outtrs, Ikab Jarnil Abu-Yacub, 15. from Haris, uear Ariel wounds. The other, Nidal Abtl el-Karirn Buzia, 16' was still hosPitalized' A burnt badly Ramallah youth, JafaL rsmail Abu-hadija, diecl in hosPital after being vehicle' In Shati' when trying to throw a Petrof bonb aL a military Khafaf Salan Abu-Karesh, 18, rtas shot in the abdornen and hospitalized 'luring violent alisturbances in the ca$p. other violent clashes were reporbed in Dheisheh' and injured Hebron, Tulkarem and Al-funary "-"ap ,taut Ranalfah' Tvto youths were shot inDheisheh,oueseriously.Disturbanceswerereportedinrefugeeca'nPsinGaza' (Ha'aretz,7 August 1988 ) 235. On 7 August 1988, the Mukhtar of Bialya, near Tulkarem' his Mustafa salin Abu-Baker, was shot in the abdomen by unitlentified Persons near rePortedly accused Abu-Bake! of hone. He r,tas hosPitalized. villagers at Bidya had (Ha'aretz, B Auqust 1988) nediating land sales to Israelis.
was 236. On 9 August 198g, a generaf strike was held and a wave of disturbancesthe the ninth mo('th since to mark bhe beginning of reported in ihe territorils of the uPri6ing. The worst clashes were rePorted in Kalkiliya' -where troops st-art 15' Four opened fire at a crowd of youths, killing Hussein Abd el-Rahim Sawa' curfew' It was reported that oiher youths were injured. The town was Placed under youths aE the second youth injured on 5 august 1988, when trooPs oPened fire on two of his Lounds who were seen throwing Petrof bonbs near Haris' died 7 August 1988. (IIa'aretz, Jerusalen Post, 10 August 1988)

by 237. Oa 10 August 1988, the occuPants of a miliEary vehicte that was attacked killinq Ahmed Daqharna' stone-throwers near the town of iubas opened fire on them' !7. violerr! demonstrations etere reporLed in Tulkalem' Hebron' Jenin and the (Ha'aretz, lL August 1988) Gaza Strip.
and 238, on 12 anat 13 August 1988, violent clashes were rePorted in the Gaza strip camp in Gaza trooPs opene'l in Jenin. Three Arabs were kifled. In Mughazi refugee In fire at rioters. killing Riad Sliman Abu-Madet, 23' and injurinq two others' lyad Abu-Razek' 52' and Rafah, troops opened fiie at rioters. killing Muhanmad injuring three others, one seriously' Dozens of Gaza residents were reportedly camP' injurecl from gas-inhaling and from beating' In r:iots in Jenin refugeedied in sol'liers and later Yusuf Muhannatl Danaj. r8, was shot in the chesL by hospital. Other violent clashes were rePorted in the Tufkarern refugee camP' (Ha'aretz. 14 AugusE 1988 )

239. On 14 August 1988, violent clashes continued throughout the Gaza Strip' which Thirty five residents of Jabaliya camP were severely bealen' as a result of

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one.died' rt lras reported that two Arabs who had been injured ealrier cliea of thei.r wounds. They were Hisham (or Maher) Mekkad, 20, antt Muhannad Hanad Abu Razek, 20, both from Rafah. rn the west Bank, rePorted in Balata, Nabfus, Jalazun and Tulkarem. Severa.L persons clashes were were wounded, (Jerusalern post, 15 August 198g)
240. On 15 August 1988, a clash was reported in canp between violating the curfew and security forcls. otherJabaliya claihes were youths viorent reported in the TuLkaren refugee canp, where an lg_year_o1d youth, aamed JanaL Muhanmad Mussa Odeh, was killed. Other in East Jerusalen. (Ha'aretz, \terusalem post, clashes were reported in NabLus and L6 August 19gg) 241. On 1? August 1988, clashes rrere reported in Jenin. Troops opened fire, killing a g-year-old girl who was reporledfy in her hone during the incident. was naned as Rasha Mazen Arkawi. (Ha,aretz, Jerusalen post, 1g August rggg)
she

242' on 18 August 1988, riots were reported in severar locar.ities in the west Bank following the announcement that 15 peisons were to be expelte,al fron the area. Three Arabs were injured. rn the Glza strip four re'idents injured Nusseirat and Bureij canps, including two b-oys agea 14 and were(Ha,areru,in shati. 17. Jerusafem post, 19 August I98B)
243. On 20 August 1988, Sautt llasan Mustafa from yanun, he had sustained the previous night, when troops raidednear Jenin, died of injuries the arrests. Other viofent clashes were reported in Beit_nnan, village to carry ouE near Ramallah, where a youth was shot and injurett, .Ienin, Artas and Al_Anary camp. Several persons were shot and injured' A curferr lras imposed on Turkarem camp. (Ha,aretz. Jerusarern Post, 21 August 1988 )

244' or\ 21 august r9g'. viorent riots were reported throughout Lhe terricories, in resPonse to a car'r' by fundarnentar. i st groups uno ttr" lea.ership of the upri.iag. rn Tubas, Raja Muhammad Ilandan Fawaft.. iZ, iu" kilted when troops opened fire. fn Bureij, Nail Malunud Maslah ltanad, 1g, rf,as killett. ID Dheisheh, Muharnnad Abu_Akar, 17:.t"" critically injure. after being sho! a fortnight earlier. fn Bal ,a, near Tulkaren, a r.4-year-old boy was injurJa in the head and another one was vrounded by a rubber bul.let'. (Ita'aretz, Jerusalem post, 22 August 19gB)
245. On 22 August 1988, violent,clashes were reported. rnainl.y in refugee camps, as total-general strike pararysed the territorie;rn Askar c arnp five youths were shot and injured, and one of then later died of his wounds. He was named as Abnad Shaghrubi, 22. The IDF irnposed a ,,preventive curfel,r,, on Nablus and the nearby-camps. According to Arab and foreign observers, the injured frorn shooting of li.ve bullets haa Jharpty increased nwnber of persons in recent weeks. A curfew was still in force in Bureij canp. (Haiaretz, Jerusalern post, 23 August 1989 )
a,

246. On 24 August 1988. violent clashes were reported in and around Nablus. Over 15 persons were shot and injured, and some roa..'in a serious condition, including a 17-year-old girl, According to Arab sources, died after being severely beaten by troops theHani el._Shami, 43, f rorn Jabal iya, previous day. Serious cfashes were

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reported in Shati. Nuseirat and Rirnal carnps. (Ha'aretz. Jerusalem Post,
25 August
1988
)

247. On 25 August 1988, Saadi Hazaza, 34, frorn the village of Yatta, south of Hebron, was murdered by unidentified persons, report.edly after he was knor.{n as a collaborator. Near the village of Zawiya, close to ELkana settlernent, the body of Matunud Ghaleb Shukeir, 31, was discovered. He was one of the prisonef,s released in . the pr i sone r -exchange operation with Aimed Jibril's organizabion, Following (Ha'aretz. Jeruaalem discovery of the body, a clash broke out in the village. Post. 26 August 1988 )

2, Other general policy developments written infornation
248, O^ 1,3 Septenber 1987 it was reported that the West Bank Data Base Project, headed by Dr. Meron Benvenist.i, had issued its yearly study reviewing demoqraphic, econonic, Legal, social aud political developmenLs in the West Bank in 1986 and early 1987, According to the study services and the infraseructule in the West Bank vrere becoming increasingly divided along ethnic tines, ntith separate facilities for Jews and Arabs, According to the study a cornputerized data bank of the territories had been set up by the Defence Ministry, at a cost of $8.5 million, and was nade operational in A.ugust 1987. The cornpute ri zation could Provide the authorities with extensive informat.ion on property, fanily ties and pofitical-

attitudes of Palestinians in the territo!ies, thus enabling civif adrninistration officials to prepare "b1ack ]ists", which might be consulted whiLe grantinq pernits, Licences and travel docunents, According to Dr. Benvenisti there was no law banning linkage of data banks in the territories. With regard to violent incidents and their consequences, the study noted, during the period April 1986-May 1987. 3,150 incidents of violent demonstrations, 65 incidents involving firearms, explosives and st.abbings and 150 petrol-bomb aEtacksi 22 PalesLinians were killed during that period and 67 were injuredi 2 Israelis were kitl.ed and 62 were injured. Some 9 Palestinians vrere deported, 99 put in adninistrative detention, 102 put on town arrest and 70 homes were demolished or sealed. The rise in Palestinian casualties should be attributed, according to the report, principally to the IDF's "procedure for stopping suspects"' which allowed sol"diers to open fixe at suspects fleeing a demonstration. During the period under consideration Jewish settlenents continued to be increasingly brought under the jurisdiction of Israeli law, through a series of nilitary regulations copying Israeli municipal lavs. Annexes to these regulations reportedly appJ.ied 28 Israeli laws and adininistrative systems to Jewish eucfaves in the territories, thus coneinuing the de facbo annexation of Jewish enclaves tlo Israel. Public sPending in the Palestinian sector by the civil administration and local authorities reportedly rose sharp.ly. with budgets doubled for schools and quadrupfed for healLh services. The budget for improving the services could cone from an "occupation tax", which residents of the territories paid to the Israeli authorities, according to the study. By adding up the tares paid by Palestinians and subtractinq pennanent 6ubsidies given Lo Israeli products sold in the territories. the study found that S50 million a year, or $800 rnillion since 1967. had been contributed by

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Palestiniaus to tbe Israeli treasury. (Ha,aretz, 13 Septernber 1987i ,rerusalen Post, 13 anat 15 September 1987)
249. On 6 Novenber 198?, the findings of a ner report rr6re public. According to. th report, writter by a team ofon the Gaza Stripin the maale Israeli experts fields of planning, architecture, econonics and sociotogy, the pofulation of the Gaza strip, which at presetrt stood at 630,000, in an arii ot loi -square kirometres, could reach 1,053,000 by the year 2000, includiag 550,000 refugees. The Jewish settler population in tbe area would grow fron 25,OOO to :O,O0O. of the total area of Ehe Gaza strip, alar half of the vacaat state About I per cent raad rrave been given to the Gaza coast Regional courcil for settlene'E. As regards the liviag conditions of the A,rab populatiol, siace the area already suffered from housilg shortage ard since aew construction ragged far behind the growthan acute of new farnilies' there were crowded slums in the cities wher hearth conditions were poor, The report forecasts that, in three or four years, tbese conditions could result in serious social deviations, includiag incrlaseit juveuile delinquency, more illegal construction aad rising lationalist tensions. As to the ar6a,s the report saitt that, owing to the saliration of water sources caused byresources, years of over-Punping, by the year 2OOO there would be a shortage of 37 nillion cubic netres of, drinking rrater. water availabre for agriculture wourd also drop, resulting in a reductioD of agricultural lalat fron t75,g00 dusams to 14g,oo0 dutrams. (Jerusar.en
November 199? )

Post, 6
head

250. On 27 November L987, it l'aa reported that Col. Aryeh Ramot was to be appointed of the Gaza Strip civil adninistratioa. He would replace Brig.-cea. Yeshayahu Erez. (Ma.ariv, 2Z [ovenber 19g?)

251' on 28 ilaauary 1988, Def,enc Minister Rabin instructed the civil admiaistration to increase the aumber of auttrorizatioas for family reunification given co residelts of the territories. rhe move was erprained as an atternpi. at soothi.sg tenpers in the territories. rt xas reportea that over the past tr.o years some 1,200 requests for famil.y reunification bad beea granted yearly. Oa 7 February L988' it was reported that the tast viilage teague -stirr active i," the west Baak, that of the Eebro! area, tras disnantled. rts head, Jamir ar-Anla, aaid he was resigning after rearizing the.Leag'.e courd Do roager function in the light of recent developmeuts in Lhe territoriei. ou g February 19gg, it was r.ported that the southern Region Cornrnander had granted several dozetr family perrnits to Gaza strip resicents in an aitenpt to restore calrn in thereunificatiou region. or 13 tpril 1988, it was reported tbat the civit adrniaistration had issueal eight authorizations for fanily reunification for resideDts of the Bethrerrem 3 August 1988, the coveraor of Ramallah, Lt.-Col. yosef yehuda, grantedarea. on enhry permits to 59 Jordatlian citizens, i! what was described as the lirgest fanily reunificatio! operation since the begilling of the uprising. sources in the civil administratioD said that pertnits rvere given for humatitarian reasons. Ic t as reporled that over 100 Jordauial ciEizens had recently bea authorizear joi! their families in the west Bank. (tta.aretz, 29 .Ia'uary, Z February, 13to l,pril anit 4 August 1988t Ha'aretz, Jerusaletn post, 9 Bebruary lggg)

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252, On 7 February 1988, the High Court of Justice recomnended that the Defence Ministry 6et up a courb of appeals for reviewing rulings of the rnifitary tribuna.ls in the territories. In his ruling. .Iustice Shamgar said that the establislunent of, a court of appeals in the territories would enhance the uniformitlr of sentences and strenglhen the perception of the justice meted out by the system of military tribunaLs, He rejected the argument of the Defence MinisLer that establishing such a court would make the process of military justice more cumbersome and would thus tranper the fight against berrorism. On 11 February 1988, it vras reported that Defence Minister Rabin decided to act according to the High Court reconmendabion. (Eal_aref", 8-11 February 1988)
E

Administration of justice. includi.ng the right to fair trial

Oral evidence
253. A nu.nber of witnesses described their personal experience with regard to the adninistration of justice in the occupied territories. In this connectioa reference was made to the lack of adequate judiciat remedies and the fact that nost triafs were a pret.ence of justice rather than fair trials. Mr. WaLid Mahnoual, a former detainee, stated in this connection:
"The way the courts operate there. it is usually in the form of a cLosed hearing, and that lras the case with me. I was not alfowed to contact a lawyeri they provided a lalryer. f rdas not alLowed to see what the charges were, I was not told what the chalges were in detaif. The lawyer had everything and they just carried on the process, "The CHAIRMAN: In what language did they carry on those proceedings?
"The WITNESS ( int.erpretation from Arabic): In Hebrew.

"The CHAIRMAN: Did you understand what was happening in court? "The WI$|ESS (interpretation from Arabic)! It happened so quickly. They were moving us in and ou! of court in one row. They r,rere reading the sentences aloud, and sorne people didn't understand because it was read out in Hebrew. I didn't undefstand what my sentence was. Then I l^'as taken oueside the room and eventuaLly someone explained to me.
"T-C_gfAIBMAU ! So lrould it be correct to say. then. that you had absolutely no opportunity even to present a defence?

"The wIn{ESS (interpletation

from Arabic) | Not once

"Tbe CHAIRMAN: Nor was the charge lead out to you?
"The WITI.IESS ( incerpretation from Arabic): No one gave me anything to see and no one read anything to me. I jusl knelr that. the charge was

'resistanqe to the occupation',"

(Mr.

walid

Mahrnoud, A/AC.145/RT.487 )

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254' Asked uhether he uour'd describe the eristiag penar ta'" as affording protectiol, as required by interaatio";i i.t' a[d practice, another minimum ,L.egal witness, Mr. Bashir Ahmeat El-Khairi, who is a J.awyer, stated!

.It is very difficult to speak of protectioa when we look at. the facts, and f.am going to give you sone of thenl Sa per celt occupied territories, itr the t{est Bank and io G.ra, of the land in the has bee[ seized iltegally, through falsifying of-papers, uprooting of trees, setting up of barbed wire rourd. territory, the destructiou of honies. this is a State run fy Fascist gangs, by a nafia3 there is no rule of lard there.
',Orr the books, the laws are still there. are larrs regarding trade, commercial reLations,There is a penal code, there civil relaiions: aI1 this is bhere, o! the books, but it is not applied.,, (A/AC.I45,/RT.4BB)

255' Accouuts of the aitrniai stration of justice in the occupied territories may be f,ound ia docunents A/AC.145/RT.4g? (Mr. Walial Mahnoual), A./AC.145/R?.4gg (Mr. Bashir Ahmed El-Khairi); and ^l,reC. fESznf .egZ 1"o .oooylnous rfitness).

1. Palestiuian populatio4
(a) Consequences of the uprising

Written information
256. On 15 Decetiber 1982, it l'as reported that ia view of continued in the caza strip for the fifth consecutive aay the wave of unrest that the the regiol to Dut detaitred suspects on speedy military army aotrrorities in trial 'recided nilitary court' rn re-ceat days rnany youths, aged 14-1g, rere put on at the caza such triar on charges of disturbing th order aad sione-throiing. r,' most of the cases the youths pleaded guirty and rdere sentenced to prison terms of They were also fined NIS SO0-1,OOO (f330_660j, (Ha.aretu, tr.o to four monghs. 15 December l98Z) 257. On 20 December 19g?, it was reported that being detained, 22 were arreseed on 1g December60 East Jerusaletn residents wre g 19 Decenber 1987. fn the caza Strip there wer6 l9B7 aDd another on reports of massive arrests. 1""?:9i1S to Arab tawyers some 3OO persous were being detained iu the A.usar z faci.lities. (Ha,aretz, ,Jerusalem post, 2l December 1987) 258. On 21 Decenber 198g, 2OO local residents were reported arre.ted i[ following violent disturbances in the torm. (Attalia, 24 December IggZ) Rafah ?59. 0n 22 Decenber 1987, it was reported that owing to in Fara rnilj'tary court in NabLus decided to postpone atl penaingovercrowdilg order the hearings ii to exanniae cases of 295 palestinians deiained in the priso! on charges connected with the recent disturbalces i,' the territories. (Attalia, 24 Decetnber 19gZ)

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260. on 24 Decenber 1987, it was rePorted that the security forces had embarked on a large-scale operation of arrests in the West Bank and the Gaza StriP' As exisLing deEention facilities in the west Bank were full to caPacity the IDr opened a new facility near Dhahiriya, south of Hebron, where many susPects were already beiDg detained. Accoraling to Alab sources sone 150 Persons had been delained in the past 48 hours. Most of the detainees }|ere frorn the northern Part of the west Bank. Some of then were sent to nilitary detention facifities inside Israef. The mass arrests were reportedly part of a new touqh Policy aimed at quelling the unrest. (Ha'aretz, Jerusafem Post, 24 Decenber 1987) 261. On 24 December 1987. it was reported that lawyers from Ehe Gaza StriP had been on strike for the third consecutive day in Protest over alleged heavy sentences inposed on persons convicted of disturbing the order by the Gaza nilitary court. According to one lawyer heavy sentences were inPosed even when there $as no evidence that the accusedl participated in stone-throwing. (Ha'aretz,
24 Decenber 198?
)

262. On 25 Decetnber 198?, it was reported that the r,tave of nass arrests had been reslrmed over the past 24 hours, bringing the nunber of Persons arrested so far on suspicion of alisturbing public order to 1,000. The Ansar 2 deteation camp in Gaza was reportedly expanded to absorb the influx of detaiuees, while obhers were being held in prisons in NabLus and Hebron. It was reporteal that demonstrators tried in previous days had been sentenced to up to a year in gaol' According to an army source miLitary investigators were using video taPes of IDF and foreign netltork television ne$rs fifm Laken over the two weeks of rioting in order to identify and collect evidence against denonstrators. (Ha'aretz, Jerusalem Post, 25 December 1987 )

263. On 24 and 25 Decernber 1987 there were rePorts of 308 Persons being detained in (Attalia, 31 December 1987) Nabfus and neighbouring villages.
264. On 28 December 1987, it was reported that 1,038 Palestinians vlere being det.ained i.n the West Bank, 600 of thern having been arrested during the Past ldeek. Another 350 were being helil in Gaza. Military soulces also confirned that the detainees were being held in the Far'a detention canP near Nablus' in the nevr detention facility in Dhahisiya, in Prison No. 6 near Atlit, in Israel, and in Tulkarem. Three neer military court6 were reported opened in llebron, Tulkaren and Ramallah in order to handle ttre overwhelning case-load of security detainees. A nilitary source reporteal that most of the detainees were aged I'l Eo 27. There were several children aged 12 to 14, held for suspected serious offences, "but only with Gaza lawyers saicl the speciat approval of the legal adviser in the territories"press conference that they would continue their strike to protest against new in a courtrooin procedures allegedly used in Lhe security Lrials. They conPlained that unusually stiff fines were being imposed on detainees who had been given susPended sentences and lhat this constiLuted a collecLive punishrnent, affectinq entire farnilies. It was reported Lhat the trials of suspected demonstralors in the Gaza Strip had begun. On 27 Decenber 1987 alone, 23 youths were tried. The nilitary prosecution reportedly intended to file charge sheets against afl those detained in the Ansar 2 camp (some 340), and speedy trials would be held for them short.ly. (Ha'aretz, Jerusalem Post, 28 December 1987)

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Atuned ,tibri|s organizatio!, were arrested. According arrested were "prorninent figures in the parestiaian aationirto Arab aources those struggle in the territories", and it was feareal that they were to be deported. fn another develoPmer't it wae rePorteil tbat l',IK Matti Pled of the progressive List for peace had sent a cable to Def.nce Mi[ister Rabi!, carring o,' him to stop the suurary tiials iD the territories. He said the courts ia the territories had ceased to be i[stitutions of justice anar nere iasteaat ',automatic machines to produce judgements iD asaembly-line fashion". He chargear that the judges refused ti record claims by prisoaers that they had beea beatel or tortured. enter into the (Ila.arecz, ilerusalen po6t, 29 Decenber 19g?)

with

265. On 29 Decefibr L982, several dozel palestitians, most of wbom rere former administrative detailees and former prisoners released in Ehe prisoner e:change

266. On 30 Decenber 1992, it was reported tbat 1atryers defenditg west Bank Ara-bs arrested during the riots iD the terrltories haat decittett to boycott the justice" heariDgs at nilitary courts. They ilescribed the procieitings as ',quick "huni,.iatiug and irregal"' Arab raxyers cornplained that tiey had see their clieuts before they were brought befor; the mrlitary j-uage, ni chanceirtonany ana that iastarces they atitl trot evea tnov where their clients had been dtaitred. rt was reported that, on 29 Decenber 1987, ?O defendants appeared tribuuals in Gaza. The najority pleaated guilty to charges before military of throwing stones and disturbing the peace and ."ere sentenced to pri-soa terms of up to six months and to !_i1es._ -Four youths, aged 15 to 18, rrbo coaieesed to having ihrown petrol bonbs at rDF vehic1e6, were seutenced to two to two ard a half years' imprisonrnent at the Gaza military court. Over 30 defendants appeared in mititary court in Nablus. Most of them were se''terced to prison terrni of one to eight nouths. At the lexr.y set military court in Hebron 1? defendants appared before Che jualge, they pt'adeat not guilty atrd tbeir triats cont,iaued. l niiitary source said that, despite the eDorrnoua case-load and the need for quick progress, ,.aLl legal procedings adhered to to the letter,,. A[ IDF spokesnaa ianounced that the deteltion are and questioning of huudreds of suspects ov6r the past fortaight red to the uncoveri'g of organized groups of youEhs in Hebrot, Tul}irem, Eizariya, EI_Bireh and East 'terusalem whose members trere suspected of various terroriat acts in recent ftoaths, (Ha'aretz, Jerusalem post, 30 Decenber 19gZ) 267. On 30 December 1987, speedy trials continusd in Nabtus and caza nilitary Gaza some 20 defendants were tried aad senteDced to prisoD terms several months. Dozens more denonstrators were reportedly arrested over theof past 48 hours. r! Nablua 47 defendalts appeared before the juatge. Thirty-eight of thern Pleaded trot guilty and xere retnatrded oa custody. The nine vho gaoled for periods of one to four ard a half months and fiaed. confessed were Tno chir.arren aged 14 aDd 15 charged lrith disorderly corduct were released on bail, (Ha,aretz, Jerusalem post, 31 Decernber 19gZ)

court, In

268. 0n 31 Decetnber 1gg7, it was reported that sone 1,000 persons rrere detained the Gaza Strip alone since the beginning of the disturbances. Five huDdred were in held in Arsar 2, but the place of detention of tbe other 500 was not. knorrD, There were reports that deEainees from Bureij (1OO), Rafah (I0O), Khan Yunis (L50) and Nuseirat (150) were held ia police stations and at nilitary cor nand headguarters.

(A]-Ittihad,

31 December

1982 )

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269. On 7 January 1988, it t|as rePorted that sirco 23 Decenbr 1988 600 palestiniass were trlett anil taking part ir the receut demonstrations that took place in the occupietl territories. sono 2oo were sentenced to priaon terms betreen one to six moatbs, antt flned uP to NIS 1,500. (Attalia, 7 ltanuary 1988)
270. Oa 7 Jaauary 1988, it nas rePorEdl that Dfence Millster Rabia hatl told the Ktresset that sitrce 9 Deceniber 1987 (the begianiag of tho wave of ulrst in the territories), 1,9?8 arrests hatt been nailei of the tletainees, 908 haal been freed. sone 300 people had alreadly been tried, ei: had b6en acquitteil. (Jerusalem Post, 7 January 1988 ) 11 January 1988, it nas rePorted that since 6 ataluary 1988 29 residents of the occupieal territories had been placeil i! admiaistrative deteation for six months. They were named as Luey Abato, Ghazi Al Shayshetri, Adlnan Al-Hisdi' Naim Al-saadi, ziaat Ibrahin Aner, Hassa! sh6rin, Mohanned Rohi Howeysha, Anr Nazal, Faek Marei, Aallali A1-Assi, Jamal Diab, Sami Ali Hassan, Jamal Issa Hanida!, sabri Ali Hussein, rssa Abtlel Saned, Kefah Nazmi, Aiatl Ali At-sareh, Essam Mustafa sarama, Assaait Abtlel Rehin Awda, Kefah Ba'lran' Majid Ar-Labtti' Mosaad Mohammed Arunar, Ahned Al-Balbul, Jawatl Abtl Baboh, llohanneal Ata Al-Issa, AlIa Abdel Kerim Jabr, Ahmed Ragheb A1 saatti, Ibrahim Abtt Amer, wasim Al-Kurali. (Attalia, L4 itanuary 1988 )

27L.

Or,

272. O^ 14 January 1988, 35 Patestiaians {ere brought before the military court in Nablus to face various charges connected t,ith their ParticiPatioa in the disturbances. The detainees saidt Arab and democratic Jerish attorlies rrere otr strike to protst ,.suflmary trials". fherefore, there rtere uo laTyers to defend their case. (A1-Itt.ihait, 15 Jaluary 1988)

2?3. Ou 21 Jauuary 1988, it was rePorted that, sl'lce the begittling of the unrest in the territories on 9 December 198?, 1,440 PersoDs had beer detailetl in the Gaza stripi over 4oo of then had alreaaly beeD released antl 440 haal already been PUE oa triali of those \tho rrere convicted, 3?0 were irnprisoned in rnilitary gaol No' 6 itr Israel. The avrage selterces wer terms of one to ttto months aad fines of several hundreds new thekels. In eacePtiolal cases sedtelces of one to two years were given. At present 534 Gaza StriP resitle[ts were being atetailed. (IIa'aretz' 21 January 1988 )
was rePorted that over the Past svetr weeks administrativ detention orders had been issued against 90 residents of the territories, 74 from the l,lest Baak and 16 frorn the Gaza StriP. At Present 1I4 West Bank fesidents and 18 Gaza Strip residents rtere under adninistrative deteltion. (Ha'aretz, 29 January 1988 )

274. O^ 29 Jaauary 1988.

it

275. On 14 February 1988, children betr.een 9 anal lL were arrasted allegetuy for throwilg stotres at Israeli soldiers. (Attalia, 18 February L988)
18 February 1988, the IDF carried massive arrests in naly towns ald in the territories, itrcluding Balata and Shu'fat camPs, Barka and Eyzereya' (Attalia, 25 February 1988 )

276.

Otr

camPs

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277. on 24 February 1988, following an incident where focal residents kiLted a nan naned as Muharuned Ayed a-Zakharta, 40, and known as a colLaborator with Israel, ver 100 residents (,ere arrested, (Ha,aretz, Jerusalem post, 25 and
26 February 1988) 278. On 4 March 1989, scores of persons were arrested in the Jalazun carnp (50), Araba vilLage (9) and A-Dik viltage (5). (Ha,aretz, 6 March 1988
)

279. On 9 March 1988, two men fron Isawiya, Mussa Muharnmad Darwish, 32, and brother Ali, 26, were charged in the military court in Lod with operating a hi6 Printing house in which leafLets numbers Z, 1, S and 6 of the leadership of the uprising in the territories were printed. The two were lemanded in custody untif the end of, their trial. Four other persons. including Nasser lruaba, 2g. fron E]-Bireh, and Rahim Baghdaali, 32. frJrn Anata, were charged with assistance in printing and distribution of the r.eafrets. lrhich were described material. In another deveLopment, a lawyer for FaisaL Husseini.as inciting plo an activist in the territories who is serving a six_month adlinistrative alleged bop detention, said that his cLient's detention had bee! extended for an addibionaf three months. (lla'aretz. Jerusalen post, 10 March 1988)

280' on 10 March 1988, seven adninistrative detention orders were issued pubLic figures fron East Jerusalen. They inctuded journar.ists, a mernber against of the East Jerusalen Electric Cornpany rmptoyeei' corunittee and trro ex_prisoners, over 230 persons were at preseDt held in administrative detention: sotne 100 fron the West Bank, 30 from the Gaza Strip and 10 fron East Jerusalen. It was aLso reported Lhat the IDF was currently holding sone 2,600 paLestiniaD demonstrators in its miLitary prisons. These incl.uded both those awaiting t!ial and those aLready sentenced. (Ha,aretz, Jerusa.lern post, 11 March tgge) 281' on 20 March 1988' it was reported that the chief of version of the order on adninistrative detentions in the s.aff had apploved a new territories, According the new version, which was reportedly a return to an old version prevailing until to 1979' military commanders were authorized to issue adniDistrative detention orders for up to six months, with a possible extension. The detentions lrould subjected to judicial review, and the only body befole which a detaineenot. be be woutd able to appeal the order would be a military appeal board. The provisions of the lrew order would also aPply to aff the administrative detention orders issueal under the forme! order, According to a report it was intended to increase considerably the use of adfiinistrative detentions in the territories in order to leadership of the uprising and detain hundreds of persons suspected weaken the of political activity. (Ha'aretz, 2O March 1988)
282' on 20 March 1988' it lras reported that anong the residents of the territories arrested in recent ,aves of arrests were one of the youths buriecl by sotcliers at Kaf Saf irn, Mustafa Abdel Harnid Hamdan, and a popular natioaalist singer, known Walid Abdel Sa.1am, brother of the deported eaitor of the Al_Sha,ab newspaper. as Akrarn Haniyeh. Also arlested were several journalists, including a repirter for the Palestine Press Service in Tulkarem, Adnan Darniri, and two other j-urnalists who ltorked for the communist newspaper Af-Taliah. rt was arso reported that the

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vice-chairman of the Gaza strip Bar association, Adv. Muhannad llashm Abu-shaaban, 34, was placed under a sir-nonib adninistrative dettrtion, rePortedly on suspicion of hostlie aud subverslve activity. (Ha'aretz, ,Jerusalen Post, 20 March 1988)

283. on 22 March 1988, sone 3,ooo Persoas were ulder deteutioni some 1'000 others had been arrested and later released. (Ha'aretz, Jerusalen Post' 23 March 1988) 284. on 23 March 1988, it flas rePorted that following the entry into force of the nelr procedure regartting atlninistrative detltion oralers, the office of the ,tualge Advocate-Geueral iltsnded to issue six-tnonth administrative detenlion ordlers against sone 300 of the 600 Persons arrested in the territories over the past week. The orders $ould be issued agaitst those susPecteal of incitement, who were iilentified as locaf leaders or took active Part in the uDrest, and whom the IDr had It was rePortetl tbat the nunber of persons ao interest ia putting on trial. begianing of the uPrising i! Decembr 1987 was 4,000' About arrested sirce the 1,00o uer already releaseal. undler the ne\r Procedure concerDing admitristrative detentiol a rnilitary conmander $as authorized to issue orders for uP to six tnooths ' at his discretiotr, against alryoue susPected of activity against Ehe region's security or the Pubtic securiay. Unlike utrder the past Procedure, adninistrative detairees would not be brought before a judge withla 96 hours follottiag thei.r detention, atrd the rnilitary prosecution a[d the security authorities would not have to explai! the reasotrs for the aletsltion. Alother recent develoPneDt was the impriionmeat of the huDdreds of new detaitrees, inclutling those .under administrative delentioa, in special IDF-ruD deteltiotr faciLieies, and no longer in prisons administered by the Prisotrs service. The reason given for that neit develoPment was that the prisons r.here security prisoners were held nere ful1 to caPacity'

(Ha'aretz, 23 March L988 )

2g5. O! 25 March 1988, it was rported that a six-nonch a&ninistrative detention order had, for the first tine, been issued against a woman, Maryam Ismail Mussa' 27, ftom Khadsr, south of Bethlehen. sbe uas arrested on 20 February 1988 on suspicion of alistributing teafLetss. (Ha'aretz, Jerusalem Post, 25 March 1988) 286. On 28 March 1988, it was estimated tbat 6ome 3,500 Persotrs were at Preselt beitg detained iu various detention centres and prisons, inclutling 600 who were under six-month administrative deteDtion orders' (Ha'aretz' 29 and 30 March 1988) 287. On 3l March 1988 the Soutbern Regioa Comnanaler, Maj'-Gen' Yitzhak Mordekhai' disclosed that over 300 Gaza strip residerts had bBen Placed under adniristrative dete!1tion in recent ireeka. The arrests were baseil on clear-cut evidence gathered by lega1 authorities, he said. "No one, regardless of Position, tsitte' age' social against conaiiion, is erenpt frorn arrest if he has showu that he intends to actbefore he our such a Person an hour forces. In our view, it is preferable to arrest acts to prevent the situation from deterioratiDg." (Jerusafem Post, 1 APriI 1988)
288. O! 1 April 1988, Arab sources rePorted that a second toman had been Placed under adrnimini strative detention for six months. she was named as Nahida Nazal' frorn KaLkiliya, a journalist, menber of the editorial board of the East Jerusafem Al-Awdah newspaper. (Ha'aretz, 1 APril 1988)

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289' o! 11 April 1998, it nas reported tbat the security forces in ttre caza had recently arrested 10 of the ieaders of the uprisiog to tte regioa and strip those respoasible for leaflets nos. 3, 4, 5 atd 6. The lo t'ere heLd i!! the so_caltal Ansar 3 detention facillty ir Ketziot. (Fa,aretz, 11 Aprtf 19gg)
290. 0a 14 Aprit 1988, accordlng to a report quoting from a letter by Zuckef to Defence Minister natia, f,ZOO aalrninistrative ttetailees held in IDF prisons: 9OO from the t{est Ban} alal 300 frotn the Gaza Strip. rrere being MK zucker aatdeil that sone 4,800 detaiDees rrere at preseat beitg iu various prisons and detention facirities, alr of them rere detain.d ovlrbeldl past the 4 morths' A large nurnber of tbes6 d.tainees ( "thousards,,) rere being-rera in tle detentioa facitity in Ketziot. (Ea,aretz, 14 .[,pril f9e8)
MK Deati

291. On 22 April 1988, tr{o brothers, ageal 15 a,'il 1g, fTom th6 Supreme Court over the severity of the seDte[ces t]rey Shu,fat canp, appeated to received for stone-throwing' ahe order brother rras sentenced to one year ia prison and fined Nrs 5,000 (approximately $3,300) a,.d the younger was given a ni!6 month gaor tern antl fiaed Nrs 4,ooo (approxinatoly $z,?ooj, tJr six sione-throwing attac*s at a bus goiag to Neve-Yaacov. one passenger $ae sligbtly injured in the ittacts. (Ea'aretz, .terusalen post, 24 A,pril 19gg) 292. On 24 April 1988, the military court iu the caza Strip sentenced Atouri Issa Aid, 15, from Zitur, io 20 months, imprisoameit, four years, susptrded term attal a fine of Nrs 2,soo (approlinately Sl,?oot, for stoue_thro;ing at rDF troops. Fifteeu youtha charge. sith breaking tbe pace pleadecl g"ilty-a;; ;.;. given prisorr seatrxces rauging from one to f6ur morths. (Ha,aretz, 25 April 19g8) 293' O! 4 May 1988, it nas reported that Raji a-suraui, one of the Associatiolr officiars recetrtry placed ia sii rnonths, adniaistrativ. three caza Bar detention, aPpealeal agailst the rneasur' bef,ore a! rDF southern conunand advisory board. The apPal was the first case of ore of the estimated 1,700 administ.rative detaiDees the territories appealiag against their seateace. (aleruqaletn post, 4 May 1988) in

294' ou 8 May 1988, it was reported that over th past week dozens of 8-12 were arrested iD the caza stsrip after ttrrowiai stooes ai-soiJi"."]'cbirdren aged to. chiLdreu ner6 rereased aftr their larents signed in uDdertating that their children arould uo loager participat- ia such ictivity. ft was iluo ."jort"d th"t during the five nonths of uprising some 3,ooo pe."oo", rDctuttitrg 20 rniiors, were trieal in Gaza for breakiDg the peace. Only ZO uere acquitteal. The rest were sente[ced to prisoD terms atd fites. Ihe severest sentence uas years. irnprisoament for throwing a petrol bonb. Most of the defeadantsfour were not represented by laryrs. (Ha,aretz, S May Lggg) 295' 0n 19 May 1988, it ras reported that MK Detti zucker had prepared which he affirrned that there were at present 1,900 iahabitalts hetd in a report

ir

administrative detentioD. They coastituted 0,5 per cent of all the mea over L8. Ttro thirils $ere frorn the West Bank atrd the rest fron the Gaza Strip. 75 per cent of the attininistrative detainees were held in the Ket'iot Some detention centre. Among thos detained nere 2g journal.ists and press agency employees, 9 research officers of palestinian nurnin rights associatious and ? women. The

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o1de6t admiuistrative detaltee ras aged 75. According to the rePort the authority to Lssue adnilistrative aleteltioD orders of uP to sir moltbs was in tbe haaals of a fe$ officers of th ralk of colotet. They r{|ere authoriaed to erteld the oralers by six more months. A&ninistrative aleteDtioaa rrere beilg carried out without any jutticial procedure or review. Appals coulil olly be made before aa aalvi.sory board, autborized oaly to recornnnd and not to issu a biailing decislou. There rras no tist ir which itre atetail.s and whereabouts of all the detainees coulil be fouad atrd lot even tbe Beal Cross hatt tletailedl infornatloa, Sorne of the detainees ditl not ktow whethr they rrere atlmilistrative or regular dtaiuees, and i! sone cases ttre decisiol on the tyP6 Of ttetentlon was made only after they arrived i! tbe detention ptace. About one quarter of tbe aatninidtrative detairees had atreatty serveal Prison ierns in tbe past. Sorne 56 Per cent hadl bee! subjectat to restrictions such as detentioas aDd tora re6trlctiols. Alnost al1 th6 detai[ees whose deteltion orders expired in recent months were re-arrested ulalet renewed orders. (Ita'af,etz, 19 May 1988 )

296. on 20 May 1988, it was rePorteil that the IDF had arrested, a fortlight earlier, some 10 chiltlre! from Balata canP, undr the age of 14, o! suspicion of nanufacturilg arns. At a rneeting rritb the l{est Ba!} rnilitary conunemder, the regioa,s legal ailvieer and the presiileDt of nilitary courta in tbe region, Ktresset members of the CDtral Movement also heard that susPects of breaking the Peace would henceforward be Settt to the llar'a or Dhahiriya prisons, dtainees remanded until the enal of the legal groceedings aiaiast them Yould b bel'l iE Mogitto Prison ill Israel, andl those caught as etrgagilg in hostile terrorist activity would be aent to the Geura1 Security Service ilstallatloas i! tbe Tultarern prlson and in the central west Baak prisor (in Jneid, near Nablus). It was also rePorted tbat the

certral Region ConEllanal baal irstalld computerizd registratiotr systerns in all its gaofs, ia ortter to administer the large priBon populatiol (of mary thousands). (Ita'aretz, Jerusaletn Post, 20 May 1988)

Zg7. Ot 24 Mat 1988, it nas rePorted tbat the IDP haal alecitleil not to charge Munira SaLah Daoud from Eeita witb causing tbe tlath of settler girl Tirza Porat of Eilon-Moreh. After coasultaEion at the offlce of the IDP iludge Advocate-General, it r{as dcidett to charge the wonan with stone-throning aad aggravatd adsault on Romatn Atdubi, the armeal escort of th grouP of settler youttls who r|as seriously ttouuded in the lncittetrt. On 24 March 1988, Murira Daoud was charged at the Nablus rnilitary court. otr 29 May 1988, the woman was renanded Ln custody untit the end of legal procedings against ber. Ou 1 JuIy 1988, it rfas rePorted that attorney f.eiicia Langer had submittedl a petltio! to the Nablus nilitary court asklng for the imnettiate release on bail of Munira Salah Daoutl, 22, y,lto was on trial o! charges of stole-throwitrg, asaul.t and causing grievous bodily harn during the Beita i!.cideat. Adv. Langer explaineat that her clieat's heatth vas dterioratirg, ald that she was Pregnant and had three childrel at home, iuclutting a sevel-nonth-old baby. O! I-1 August 1988, Munira Salah Daoual flas sentelced to I nonths' irnpiisonrneat and a 16-north auspended gern. ahe President of the military court in Nabl.us, Lt.-Col. Yeboshua Levy, said that the iudges hatt tatea into consideration the fact that the alefeldalt's brother had bee! kitletl as a result of thooting by Alilubi, her husbard uas injured and her house ras later denolisheal by the aecurity authorities. Daoud was convicted of throwilg a heavy rock at Aldubi's heafl' seriously itjuring hin. (ilerusatem Post, 24 ad 25 May alal 1 ituly 1988, Ma'ariv' 30 l.{ay L988, ga'aretz, 12 August 1988)

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298. otr 16.tu!e 1988, the nititary court i[ Lod imposett priso! senlences of 8-10 years oD four youths convictear of thror.ing petror. bonbs. Mahnuar Abu sabitan, 28, from A-Tur, was senteuced to eight years rn gaol for throwilg petro]. bomb at a military jeep in A-Tur, o! 26 Febiuary 19gg, no o'e was hurt in a attack. Farid Hana farhud, 25, from Shu,fat, Ib;ahim Salane, 23, atrd Mueinthe at_Sheikh, Musa 21' both from Anata, vere ach sentenced to 10 years for throwing petrol bombs at civiliau traffic on 3l .Ianuary 1988, ia the pisgat_zeev road i[ East Jerusa1em. The president of the court, Col. Aharon Alpern, tolal the defetdants that he taken into corsideration the fact that thet ha. pleaded guirty altt that had hatt they pleaded aot guilty their sentence nould have been trtce is freiv1.. (Ha,aretz,
17 June 1988)

299' on 17 Jule 1988, three chirdren agear z alat 8, frorn tbe virrage Tulkarem, were arrested on suspicion oi iuvolverneat in settirg fiie of shweika near to an or.ive grove with 365 trees. The three childrn were questioued aftJr beilg recoguized by a guard !.ho saw tbern ruatrirg away after the fire broke out. (ga,areiz, 19 Jure 1988 )
300. On 19 June 1988, the Gaza military court ordered the release (of NIS 5,000-S3,200) of Aisha el-Kttur<t, from Rafah, t|bo was arrested on bail several months earlier on suspicion of, rnembership of a bostile orgarization and carrying expr.osive charges that were plarted in Deir el-Balah and in Rishoa _Le_zion,. I,then arrasteal the suspect was pregnaat and oa 19 JutG 19g8 sh gave birth to a cbird at. the Neve-Tirza wornen's gaol. The bail request was made utder the auspices Associatio! for civir Rights in rsraei. rn a[other deveropme't, it wasof the reported that atr administrative detaibee, naned Faitr Aruar, berieved to be suffering from schizophrenia, had beeu rereased frorn the Alsar 3 prison in the Negev, for.l.wiug the filing of an affidavit by caua physiciaa Abd eL_Aziz naaEizi, who was atso uader adrniuistrative detention. (Jlrusalern post, zO June 19gg)
30!-. On 22 June 1988, the Supreme Court rjected an appeal by trro palestinian rninors against their sentences of one year and sir monlns, rlspectively, plus fines, for stone-throring. The court ruled that arr those who- disruptld la'and order could expect society to respond with th full porer of the lawl (Jerusalem post, 23 June 1988)

302' on 23,June 1988, the High court of {tustice ordered the inmediate retease fron Prison of Palestinian jourlalist Haten Abdur-Kader. According to the report, was_the first ruling against state administrative deteltion piactices since this the beginuing of the uprising. .4, Justice Miristry spolesma! saiat that the decision, made after a review of classified Defence vilistry documents, sas based oD "technical reasons" that Pertaiaetl to the specific circumstarces of Abdut-Kader,s arrest and did not negate the generar principte of a&nitristrative detention for reasons

of state security. (Jerusalen post,

24 aluue 19gg)

303. 0n 27 June 1988, it was reported that the ceneral Security Service and the Jerusalen police had recently uncovered and arrested several cel.1s lrith z5 menbers, alr suspected of carrying out terrorist acts ir the Jerusalem area. one ceLl, with 11 mefibers, incruding an lg-year-ofd woman, was affiliated nith Nayef Hawatneh,s Popular Denocratic Front. Most of the mernbers rrere from the wadi .roz and
Ras el-Amud

areas. (Ma,ariv,

27 .tune 198g)

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304, On 29 itutre 1988, it was reportedl that tb6 Gaza nilitary court had receltly senterced Yussuf Hatur, 22, from the Sabra neighbourhootl Ln Gaza, to 15 years' imprisonnent for throwing Petrol bornbs antt Plalting inprovizeit charges in Israeli cars. (Ha'aretz, 29 ilune 1988) 305. Olr 1 iluly 1988, it was rportett that the nilitary court in Nablus hait tlecided to suspetal the trial of 19 resialents of Beita pertting provlsioa by the Prosecution of more detailetl informatio[ on the charges against then. The villagers were chargd trith offences ranging from stone-throriag to assauLt, arising fron their alfegett ilvo1vmeat in an iucident in April 1988 in $hich a grouP of youDg settlers from Eilon-Moreh [ere attacked aear Beita. One of the settlers' a girl, a[d tt{o palestinians wre killett in the incident. The couat rejected the defelce attorney's request that the charqe sheet be ilismisseal as "defective", but it aske'l the prosecutor to prepare a supplemest providing all the aletails asked for by the defence. (Jerusalen Post, 1 July 1988) 306. On 5 July 1988, Muharrunatt Abu-Sha'aban, dePuty itirector of the Gaza Bar Associatio[, was released fron gaol after servilg f,our out of six mouths of aalmilistrative deteution. It l{as also roPorted that an amnesty coimiteee headeal by s/A (Lt.-co1. ) David Eakharn, advisor on Arab affairs ia the civil adninistration, reconnended the release of 25 security prisoners held in Gaza gaol and a reduction of sentelce to nine othera. (Ha'areta, 6 July 1988) 307. On 6 July 1988, it was reported that the Higb court of Justice r*ould consider a petition by four adnilistrative detaiuees against the nes' procedure introduced by th; IDF cornnander in the territories regarding the Possibllity to aPPeal against aalmilistrative deteation orders. The High Court would sit i! a three-juatice paael. The four Petitioners were naned as Ahmed Abu-Srur, Salim Abu-Ziad' Araf Musa Abu-Iassia and Kha1ed Matar. The Petition was filed through .adv. Lea Tsernel. (Ha'aretz, 6 Jufy 1988) 308. On ? JuLy 1988, the IDF released 92 detainees frotn th Gata striP held in gaol and in the deteEtion facility in Ketziot. A sPokesman for the civil adnitristration in Gaza saitt that 53 of the prisoners had beeu sentenced for security offences a:rd the other 39 were administrative detainees held uithout trial.. Ttre release was descrl'bed as a "goodwiLl gesture" on tho eve of the Iat a1-Attha hotittay. (Ha'aretz, ilerusalen Post, 8 July 1988)
Gaaa

309, O! 11 iluly 1988, eight residents of Beit-sahur, menbers of the local "PoPuIar uprising cotnrnittee,,, were arresteal antl placeal utrder adnitristrative detertioa for six months. they inclualetl Dr. Jad Isaac, a Bethlehem University Professor rtho st up a garden shop to setl seettlings for kitchen gardeDs, but tas forced to close the sttop uDder pressure from the authorities who considereal it as atr attenpt to organize an alternative horne econony. (,Jerusafem Post, 12 July 1988) 310. On 20 July 1988, Defence Minister Rabin atrnouncett that the IDF would s6t uP a court of apPeal to review sentences Prolounced by nilitary courts in the territories, as ats 1 Jaauary 1989, f;flowing a recorunendation to that effect by the gigh Court of Justice. Mr' Rabi! was sPeakirg at the Kaesset, in rePly to a quostioa by MK Deali zucker. (!Ia'aretz, 22 Jufy 1988)

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3I1. On 22 ,July 1988, it was reported that a three-month adrninistrative detention order had been issued against Dr, Amin el_Hatib, a weLl_known East Jerusalem Physician. He was said to be invorved in raising funds for hostile elernents, through his activity in charity associations. (Ha,aretz, ZZ July 1988)
312' on 24 \tuty 1988. the rDF cenErar Command unveired a and information centre, said to ensure up-to-date mouitoring computerized comnandstatus or irre ]ocation anat of every person held in army prisons in the west Ba!k. An officer in charge of the centre said that infornation on any prisoner could be obtained on reguest within 48 hours, Under the new orders the civil adrninistratio! rras responsilta foa notifying' without deray, the detainees' farnilies anat ].awyers of, the arrest. The cornmander of the detention centre haar to noti.fy the detainee of his right to nane the relative and the lawyer who shourd be notiiiea of his arrest. Nevertlleress, judges were authorized to deray such notifications by 96 hours. rt that, as at 24 July 1998 there were 4,0g1 detainees in IDF detentionwas reporteat the centres west Bank and in the Ketziot detention centre in the Negev. of these, 1,gg4 in were a&rinistrative detainees. (Ha,aretz, 26 JuLy 1988, Jerusalem post, 25 July 1988)
313. On 1 August 1988, it was reported that Faisal Abdul Kader Husseini, Chairman of the Arab Research Instibute in East .terusalem, was pLaced undler administrative detention for sir nonths, allegetny for his activity in the plo. His rnstitute was c.losed for one year. The Chairman of the East Jerusalem Merchants, Mustafa Abu Zahara, was al.so placed under adrnini strat.ive detention. Association, 25 August 1988, Faisal Husseini petitioned the High court of Justice On to order nisi against the vice-president of the Jerusar.em District court, is6ue an Judge Eliahu Noan, ordering him t.o show cause why he should refrain frorn revealing to Husseiui'6 attorneys the evidence, opinions and reconunendations Lhat the Defence Minister had before him and on the basis of which he had decided to praee Husseini in adninistrative detention for six montbs. Husseini also asked ttai trre rigr, Court order the judge to authorize his farnity and journalists to at.tend the hearing' He argued that this was his fourth adnini.strative deteDtion in the past 18 rnonths and that he had not seen one piece of evidence that wourd justify such a measure.' (Ha'aretz, 1 and 26 A,ugust 19gg)

314. On 1 August 1988, .tihad Ahrned Mustafa Abeidr, 21, of RamaLlah. was sentenced by the military court in Lod to A5 years' inprisonrnent. He !,ras convicted of atternptinq to nurder shafom and Eli Ohayor oi Jerusalern on 12 January 1987, by stabbing them i.n the neck. (.Ierusatem post, 2 August 1988)
315. On 7 August 1988. it was reported that the rnilitary court in acquitted two residents of Jabariya camp who had been chargecl with Gaza had to erase hostile slogans that *ere painted on th; walls of t-heir house; this fairinq fir6t was the charge sheet fited by the civil. administration unater a rule issued two months earlier' The court determined that the defendants fived sorne 150 netres fron the Pface where the IDF declared that all slogans shoutd be erased, and that the Prosecution had failed to prove that the cwo had heard the sarne court acquitted a youth fron Shati carnp from athe decfarations. Earlier, charge of throwing petrol bonbs at rDF patrols. rn four hearings helar by the court, no rDF soldiers appeared as vritnesses for the prosecution. (Ha,aretz, t Auqust 198g)

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10 AugusE 1988, it was rePorted that three youths age't 17 from Jabaliya woman' carnp in Gaza trad been alrested on suspicion of murdering an Israeli Rachel lleiss, 69, fron Moshav Shafir. (Ha'aretz, 10 August 1988)

316.

On

(b) Other developments

(i)

Ar re s t

s and

admi ni

s

t r ative

dele4li-a-D--slilci

Written information
317. During the Period Preceding the uPrising, the special committee had received several repotts from various ,tet"pap"t" providing infornation on arrests and the issuing of administrative detenEion orders concerning Palestinians in the occupied This information iacluded, in most cases. reLevant details such as territoriea. the date. the subject(s), the place, the duration (in the case of adninistrative detention) and the motive invoked.
(

ii ) Sentences

Written infornation
318. During the sane period up to early Decetnber 1987, the Special Conmittee received information on sentences Passed against Palestinians in the occupied Information was aLso provided on sentences Passeal since the beqinning territories. of the uPrising but concerning e*'ents Prior to or not related to the uprising' This information included relevant detaifs such as the date, subject(s). place, duration and moti.ve of the sentence.

2'

Israeli settlers, undelground activists and others

Writcen iuformaEion
319. During the period under consideracion, it was rePorted that a few Israelis charged with murder or mist.reatment of Palestinian civilians had been Put on trial or sentenced to various terms, as iltustraEed below'

32o.on14June1988,theJudgeAdvocate-Generaltoldmilitarycorrespondentsthat since the beginning of the up;ising over 350 invesligation files had been opened by the military police against. IDF soltliers, sone 110 fifes concerned death cases of In 100 cases the inquiry was Over and Charge Arab residenbs of Lhe territorieE. sheets were filed with mitiEary courts against 12 solcliers. Fifteen other soldiers (Ha'aretz' were put on disciplinarY trial following the investigation'
15 June 1988)

321. On 2 August 1988, it was reportecl that the Attorney-Gene ral ' Yosef Harish' had decided that Pinhas wallerstein. head of the Binyamin Reqional council' should be put on trial on a charge of manslaughter. WallersLein wouLd be charged i'ith the killing on 11 January 1988 of Rabah Mahnud Hussein Hamad, l-?, and the lrounding of ziad Hamad, during a demonstration in Beitin. near Ramallah' on 11 August 1988'

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wallerstein r'as charged at the Jerusalem District court with manslaughter !1":i"S injury in aggravateal ci rcr.uns tances . (Ha,aretz, JerusaJ.en post, z 12 August 1988
)

and and

322, O\ 4 August 1989, it was reported that Dina Ben_Har, charged at the Jerusarern Districi court with stoning an 48, from Kiryat._Arba, was Arab case of a charge sheet being fired against a Jewish settler car. rt was the first for an offence of stone-throwing. (Ha,arets. 4 August lggB)
323. However. in general, in contrast to harsh sentences pafestinian civilians, the sentences pasaed on those rsraelis denotedpassed on the the authorieies' A few cases are cited below as an ilrustrationrerative reniency of of this situation. 324' on 29 February 19gg, four soldiers and an arrested the screening of a cBs filn in which they were officer who nere youths fortowing seen beating two in Nablus. r'rere released from detention and returned to their units fJllowiirg a consultation between central Region conmander Amram Mitzna and the Judge Advocate-Generar. The four soldiers were named as yehuda Anger], Aryeh Mualem. Ronen Sasson and sagui Harpaz. on 16 March 19gg, it oru" ."po.i"o that Ronen sasson had been sentenced to 21 days' detention and Aryeh Mual.ern to 10 days, detention, following a discipLinary hearing before a brigadie-r-general . A Military potice investigation found. the two had played a minor lart. in the beating. It w-as also reported that the other two soldiers and their cornmander, Seren (Capt, yosef Haddad, lrou]d be ) put on trial. On 18 March 1998, it was reported that the three had rejected charges of assau].t. Attorleys for the two sordiers said that their cr.ientss had kicked and beaten the t'o Arabs' but that they had been forl.wing orders given to them regarding stone-throwers. The captain's counser. saitt that the officer was not involved in the beating. (Ha'aretu, .Iirusal.ern post, 1, 16 and 1g March rg8B) 325. On 17 May 1988. the_rnilitary court of appeals accepted the appeals of Privates Yair Nessini and Dror Segen_Cohen ai"irr"t their sentence. Nessimi, who had been sentenced to five months, irnprisonrnent for his part in the incidenc in salem in which four viflagers were buried by a bulldozer, had to two and a ha.lf months. Segen-Cohen,s sentence was reduced his sentence reduced from four co two rnonths imprisorunent. rn its verdict the military court of appeals said the district court was wrong in not taking into place where the soldiers were operating, andaccount the c.ircunstances of time and events and extrene s.ituations in which they had to restore orderthe exceptionalwave in the recent of unresc. (Ha'aretz, 18 May 1988 )

326' on 23 May 1988, it was reported that state president chaim Eerzog reduced the Prison terms of three convicted mernbers of the Jer.rish terrorist organizatiol ]rho had originally been sentenced to rife imprisonment and later hal their sentence reduced to 24 yeals. The president now further reduced it to 15 l.ears. The prisoners concerned were Menahem Livni. Shauf Nir and Shaul convicted of murder in the case of the attack on the IsLanicSharabah, They were College in Hebron, in 1984, in which three were killed and over 30 r,rere injured. They were also planting bombs in Arab buses and of threatening to blow up the Temple -convicted of Mount mosques, (Ha,aretz.
23 May 1988)

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327. On 21 .tune 1988, the Central Region Judge-Advocate -General decided to end the investigation without filing charges against a soldier who shot ancl killed a 2s-year-old '!.tonan in A-Ran, nolth of Jerusalem, on 3 January 1988. A mifitary police investigation found that "the soldier's life was in danger when he found himself isolated inside the village, surrounded by a cror'td, and he fired into the air to protect his 1ife", (Ha'aretz, JerusaLen Post. 22 June 1986) 328. On I July 1988, it was reported that the Suprene Court had increased the senLence of Nissan Ishigoyev, a settler frorn Hinanit who had been convicted of manslaughter in the death of an Arab boy frorn Balata camP near Nabfus. In October 1982, when his truck was stoned by youths in tbe canP' the settler oPened fire at them, kilting ltashern Lutfi rb-Maslen, 13. A Tel Aviv district court had sentenced him to six nonths' cornmunity service. The State Attorney apPealed to the Suprerne Court against the teniency of the sentence, and the SuPreme Court accepted the appeal and iucreased the sentence to three years' imprisonment and two years' suspended terrn. (Ha'aretz, Jerusafen Pos!, 1 .ru1y 1988) 329. On 7 July 1988, it was reported that the High Court of Justice had rejected a petition by farnily members of Jodeh Abdallah Awad, from Turmus Aya, who asked Lhat Israel ze'ev, the Shilo seEtler suspected of kilting Awad, be charged with nurder and not merely with nanslaughter. the High Court justices ruled that there was no ground for intervening in the Attorney-Gener al 's discretion, when he determiued that the evidence held by the prosecution did not contain the element of inEention to kill necessary for a murder charge. ( Ealarge-a, 7 JuIy 1988) 330. on 31 ,lu1y 1988. it was reported that the police had recently recommended Lhat Israeli civilians be prosecuted in 3 out of 13 killings in the territories, {hich, according to the IDf, were not caused by soldiers. Police Minister Haim Barfev gave further details concerning these cases when he reptied to a Parliamentary question by MK Deali Zucker: the three cases ltere the following! the shooting of Nasser Chanem Hanad, 17. of Beitin. on 11 January 1988. allegedly by settler leader Pinhas Wallerstein, head of the Binyanin Regional Councili the shooting of Abdel Baset .tun'a, 27, of Kaddum, on 7 February 1980, alleqedly by a settler frorn Nadumimi and the shooting of Abtlatlah Awad, 28, of Turmus Aya' on 4 May 1988. Regarding the death of Rawda Najib Hassan, 13, of Baka esh-Sharkiya, on 27 February 1988, the fintlings of the investigation had been forwarded to the IDF Judge Advocate -Gene ral for a decision' (According to eyewitness accounts the girl was shot at by Israeli civilians after they drove uP to her house accompanied by a military jeep. ) In three other cases the police hacl turned over results of its investigations to the Atto rney-Gene r al 's office with reconnendations that there should be no prosecution for lack of evidence. These cases concerned the kitl-ings of Raed Barghouti, 17, ard Ahinad Barqhouti, lz, at Abud, near Ramalfah, on 27 February 1988, and of Hanad Muhammad Hamitla, 42, from l,lazraa esh-Sharkiya. on 7 March 1988. Police l^'ere still investigating Lhe deaths of tlro Beita villagers allegedfy kilted on 6 April 1988 by settler Romam Aldubi fron Eilon-Moreh. The investigations of three other deaths had been transferred to the military police because of alleged IDF involvenent. These were the cases of Kamal Darwish' 23. from Dei! Amrnar, killed on 21 February 1988; Tukan Misbah, 32, from Sijaiya, killed on 10 January 1988, and Hassan Hizaj, 18, from Turmus Aya, killed on I March 1988. Regarding t-he death of Talaat Hawihi. 17, fron Beit Hanun, killed on

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15 february 1988, the police had no information concerning that death. Jexusalem Post, 3l July l98g)

(

Ha '

aretz ,

331' on 17 August 1988, it lras reported that the chief-of-staff had atecideal a brigade conmauder with the grade of coloner, who was in charge of rDF forcesthat the in Hebron region, would be suspended from his post ard would face a disciplinary trial" This f,ollowed a shooting incident on a aprif 19Bg in which Abd el-Mahdi Ziadat, 19, was shot fron a helicopier in the course of a demonstration in Bani-Naimi he later died of his wounds. According to wituesses there were !o grounds for opening fire at the demoastrators, since the soldiers, Lives were not in danger. The IDF forces reportedly failed to give nedicat treatnent to the injurett youth, or to evacuate him with the helicopter that was avairable. The reason for putting the officer on disciplinary trial before the DePuty chief-of-staff rather thau trying bim by court. martial was reportedr.y his "Past career as a conbatant,,, and the fact thal fre waa already fro.o duty. On 23 August 1988, the discipLinary hearing of the col;net began before ",r"perrd.d Deputy Chief-of-Staff Ehud Barak. He was being charged r,.ith iltegal use of a weaPon' on 25 Augusc 1998' the colonel was severery reprimanded after being f,ound guilty' According to the finttings of the disciprinary hearing, the shots fired ac the demonstrators were fired fron the ground in the midst of a pursuit, and not fron a helicopter as had been alleged. (Ha,aretz, Jerusalem post, L7,24 arrd
26 August
1988 )

332' on 17 Augu.t 1988, it rras reported that a sergeant in the rDF was seutenceal the Northern District military court to two montha' suspended prison term for trro by years, after he shot and wounded a resident of Tubas during riots in the village. Ile was also demoted to tt.e rank of corporal. The prosecution was reportedly appealing against the leniency of the sentence. (ia,aretz, tl lugusi tSOOl
c.

1. General developments (a) Earassment and physical mistreatrnent Oral evidence
333' Numerous accounts were rnade of the plight of the civilians and the constant threats to physical integrity and security it.t tt.y were enduring in t.heir day-to-day lives as a result of the uprising. References were rnade to the atmosphere of violence anar insecurity and to the heavy torl of casualties among the civi.lians:
"The soldiers carne into our house to arrest ny brother. we of course refused to tet them arrest my brother aDd there rrere cl.ashes. They started breaking and smashing Lhe doors and the Iight. bultrs. My rnother received three bullets in a gunfire incident. in her arrn. and my brother had a rib broken. Then they rarked into the kitchen and they staried rnixing a1L the foodstuffs, throv.ing the oil on the f,Iour and the sugar. Theo with a knife they just. tore the fridge to pieces.', (Anonymous witness, A,/AC.f45lRT.491/Add.l)

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"They have stormed the houses and arrest'ed the inhabitants' sorne of Lhe people were beaten aud tlied latert one was a c j.tizen calLett Ibrahim and he was 34 years oldi he had five children. I,lhen his house was storrned his brother was in the house. After Ibxahim was beaten uP and his bones broken' a seven-man force attacked his brother. l'lhen Ibrahim's wife saw that the soldiers were beating ber brother -in-l ait. she ran to bring a rnedical certificate to prove that that young man was i1l- and had undergone surgery' that he had 40 stitches in his chest and abdomen, But when she brought ttle nedical certificate to show to the soldiers, they took no notice and carried on beating the brother of Ibrahim until his wounds were reopened and he had to (Anon!.mous rritness. A/AC'145/RT'480) be Caken into hospital"'

,'I can say t'hat I have seen a t5_year-old in a Gaza hosPital who had been mutilatetl in a horrible and gratuitous manner by the soldiers' They had broken his jaw, his arrns and his legs, and the narks of their army boots could be seen on his thorax." (Dr. Nago Huirbert, A/AC.145/RT.491)
334. The stotming of hosPitals was also rnentioned as a usual Practice:
,'we have been subjected in the last six nonths to attacks by the nilitary forces on 6ome of Ehe hosPitats. one incident occurred in Hebron when soldiers entered the hospital and fired a coupJ.e of tear-gas bornbs, claiming that there were some volunteers there, ltho are not allowed to ltork in the

hospitals helping the ttounded. In APril the military forces in Ranallah occupied Ramallah Governnent HosPital for two weeks and three ot four tirnes I don't remember - they kept on attacking the hosPital with tear-gas bombs and rubber bullets, terrifying all the enPloyees. Finally they occupie't the hospital for a couple of weeksi they asswned control in Lhe hosPitaL, they mounted round-the-clock Patrols around Lhe hosPital, on the roof, and inside' checking ident.ities, terrifying the empfoyees." (Anonl'mous witDess,
A/AC.145/RT.482
)

335. Many wittresses referred to the used of gas and its barmfuf effects on Lhe Dr. Nago Humbert. a Swiss medical Psychologist $ho had heaLth of the civilians. recencly visiLed the occupied territories, stated in this reqard: gas in the open air' and the effect is horrible' Not onLy do one's eyes run' but I had the inPression of needfes in my lungsi so you can imagine the effect on a small infant in a confined space, It coufd r*ell die frorn the effects, that is plain, and the same would aPPfy to anyone suffering fron asthma or lung conplaintst if they breathed that' they too nould alie"' ( Dr, Nago llutnbert, A/Ac.145/RT.491) 336. Mr' Faris Glubb. a vtriter on idternational law' also referred to this question:
,,A lot of information has been received frorn various sources in occupied Palestine to lhe effect that on numerous occasions Ehe Israeli occuPation forces have irnposed curfews on villages, areas in tqltns and refugee camps' and frequently Israeli Patrols have circulated in these places, throwing canisters

"Onthequestionofqas,IamnotasPecialist,butlhavebreathedbhat

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of CS tear gas into people's houses. to which they are confined by the curfew. There have been many instances of pregnait nomen having niscarriages after being subjected to this sort of treatment, and also small infants - that is, l"ess than one year old _ and of etderly of very of naybe people 60 to 70 years or more, dying as a resutt of exposure to this gas,,, (Mr. Faris clubb, A/AC. t4SlRT.4B4lAtttt. t)
337. Reference was also made to the harassmene suffered by the result of administrative neasures, such as the establishnent of civilians as a new with different colours in the caza strip, apparently neant to imposeidentity cards a tighter control on the palestinians:

"If the card is green, that means that the bearer is youth or considered by the occupation authorities as being a dangerati state a citizen security. The bearers of those cards are those considered to be the leaders of the uprising in the Gaza Strip. Ihe individuats bearing the green cards allovred to enter Haifa, Jaffa, Lid or any other places in the lorth are not under rsraeli adninistration- etue idenlity cards mean that those that are citizens have nor paid the taxes they ovre to the tnilitary adninistraiion, Red identity cards mean that the bearer of the card is in the most dangerous category civilian; the bealer of such a card is considered a real leader who lriff of become a threat to the security of Israel. in the future.,, (Anon}.nous witness, A/AC. 14 s,/RT.4
80 )

witnesses

338. Testinonies relating to various aspects of the harassnent and nistreatnent of civir.ians may be found in documents A/Ac.145/RT.4g0physical (an vtitness)i A./AC.14s./RT.481 (an anonymous witness); A/AC.14S,/RT.4gZ (two anonyrnous ananymous witnesses); A/AC,145,/RT.484 (an an-nyrnous r,ritness)i A,/Ac.145/RT.484,/Aald.l (Mr. Faris clubb) and A,/AC,t45lRT.4AZ 1Ur. Walid Malnoud); A/AC,145,/RT.49t (Dr. Nago Hr]Jnbert and Miss Kirsten Ruud)i and A./AC.14s,/RT.4gllAdd.l (five anonl,mous
).

Writt6n information
339. During the period covered by the present report. the Special Conmittee received a n'mber of communications rrom various sources concerning the misuse of tear gas against civifians in the occupied territories. In one of these communications. transnitted by Annesty rnternatio'al and dated 1 stated that tear gas had often been uied in high concentration in June r98g, it !ra6 residential areas, and that tear-gas containers had been d;liberately thrown or fired Israeli soldiers into peop.Ie,s hones, health c.liDics, schooLs ancl mosques.by even though they were rneant only to be used outdoors. The report also stated that according, to rocar. medical personnel teal: gas appearecl to have been the cause of o! a contributory factor in the deaths of rnore tfrair aO palestinians in the occupied territories. The report further described two types of gas allegedly being used by the Israeli army in the occupied territories.

340' on 29 october 1987, Advocates Lea Tsenef and Andr6 Rosenthar filed with the district court a civil c'airn for damages for their cfient, Ahmed Abu-Marhif of Gaza, who became invalid after being beaten by IDF soldiers. The incident giving
Gaza

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rise Lo the cfaim occurred in February 1986. The civil claim was filed against IDF after one of the soldiers involved in the incident had been charged in a (Ha'aretz. nilitary court wibh beating the compfainanL and was found guilty.
30 October
1987 )

Lhe

341. On 10 Novenber 1987, it. was repofted that the central Region conmander, Maj.-Gen. Anratn Mitzna, had ordered that a thorough investigation be held into the behaviour of IDF soldiers at road-blocks at the entrances to Nab1us on 2 Novernber 1987. On that date, the anniversary of Lhe Balfour Declaration' Maj.-Gen, Mitzna told rePorters in the norning that no curfew would be imposed on Nablus, but the soldiers manning the road-bfocks blocked alL Ehe entrances to the town and told people who wanted to enter that it ',tas under curfew' (Ha'aretu '
10 November 1987
)

342. on 13 Decenber 1987, according to Arab sources, trooPs penetrated into shifa Hospit.al. used tear gas and arrested Persons suspected of disturbing the order' (Ha'aretz, .lerusalem Post, 14 Decenber lq87)
343. on 13 December 1987, several rePorters ltho toured the Balata refugee canp following the previous day's clashes betlteen focaf residents and border guards reportedly saw traces of vandalism in nany homes in the camP. Local residents allegeal that border guards, while looking for suspects, had forced their way into homes and beaten nen and women inside. Elderly PeoPle were also allegedly harassed and brutalized. The trooPs threlt tear-gas grenades inco hornes and cursed inhabitants. A senior rnilitary source described the atlegations as serious an'l said they were under investigation. On L6 December L987, a group of 12 Balata residents petitioned the High Court of Justice for an order requiring the Defence Minister and Ehe IDF Conmander in the West Bank Lo show cause why they should not stop the alleged brutality, insults and shooting by border guards, and Prosecute those who took part in such actions. The Petitioners said, in affidavits attached to their Petition, that border guards had shot aL then without provocatiou' one petitioner tost a kidney and was paralysed in one 1e9 after being shot at. Rubber bullets were fired at children aged 4 and 9' and sone of Lhe Petitioners vere still' in hospital with wounds incurred during the clashes. A. toP military source deelared that conclusions had been drawn and changes rnade as a result of, a! investigation into the incidents at Bafata. on 17 Decenber !987, a border-guard source defended the conducL of the force in BaLaba, and oPposed any Punitive stePs against its officers. The border-guard source argued that it was the residents' attacks, yrith iron bars. catapults and bicycle chains, that had caused the troubte. The source insisted that the commanders of the unit operating in Balata ,Droufd not be punished for their mens' conduct, and t-hat trrere would be no Personnel (Ha'a!etz. [e-4!s3fen Pas!, 17 and changes in the command of the unit. 22 Decenber 1987i Jerusalen Post. 18 December 1987) 344. on 16 December 1987, doctors at the Shifa Hospitat in Gaza said that' in contrast to the gunshot wounds of the Past seven days, most of the injuries suffered by demonstrators were caused by beatin96, apParently ntith clubs' (Ha'aretz, .terusaLen Po6t, t7 Decenber 1987)

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345. O! ?I Decenber 1987, serious incidents were reported in Issawiya, north .]erusalem, where police and border guards clashed with Local youths. After of the clash troops charged the vil.Lage and atlegedly bloke into houses and beat. men and women insi,cle. A locaf woman, Nana Hassun Mahmou d., 24, vas hospitalized, from a kidney injury and fractured ribs. Two Arabs were also injured. assuffering welf as several policenen. (Ila'arets, Jerusalem Fost, ZZ December I9g7) 346. on 21 Decenber 1987, eight Gaza Strip residents petitionett the High court Justice for an order against the Defence lainister and the rDF conmander in the of region, asking them to show cause why they shoutal not refrain from instructing, guiding and encouraging the IDF troops in the region to ill-treat the petitioners and others, shoot at then. injure them and hurniliate them constantly. In affidavits attached to the pet.itioD chere are descriptions of beating, kickrng and injuries allegedly caused by fDF soldiers. (Ha,aretz. Z2 December 1987) 347. On 28 December 1987, it was reported that tension was high in the Jabatiya and shati refugee camps in caza following five days of curfew and alreged ir.l-treatment of civilians by rDF tloops. rt was also repoited on 28 Decernber 1987 that an officer who had opened fire in an unspecifieO locality in ,,Samaria,,, wounding army two Arabs, when there wa6 no irnnediate ri6k to his or any other soldier,s rife, was relieved of his comnand peniting iavestigations by Mifitary police. (Ha,aretz, Jerusalen Post, A8 December 19g7)

348. On 11 January 198e, it was reported that IDf troops used tear gas and ammunilion in large quantit.ies, and resorted to severe beatings to disperse live denonstrators. In the caza Serip al.one, 30 residents were hospitalized, Z witfr serious injuries. (Attalia, 14 January 1988) 349, On 15 January 1988, it tras reported that 15 pregnant women had recently been hospitalized in Gaza with tear-gas injuries. It was aLso reported that Azazma Mahmoud, 36, from Rafah, nas hospitalized in Ashkel.n injuries in the head. (Ha,aretz, Jerusalern post. 17 January with severe beating 1988)

350' on 20 January 1988, doctors and other medical staff in two caza hospitals decLared a sit-in strike to protest IDF practices, after troops allegedly beat patients and staff and prevented anbu.lances fron entering or ieaving retugee camps' Dr' rbrahim a.l-Ilour of the uNRWA clinic in the Bureij camp beaten up after he went out to treat sick children in bhe camp. ias alr.egedly lHa,"r.t", Jerusalem post, Z1 January 1988)
351. On 2I January 1988, there $ere reports that IDF troops raided houses in Arab localities and beat residents either inside their home or took then, handcuffed and blindfolded, to isolated areas where they were severely beaten. More than 87 .Iabafiya residents were admitted to hospital with club_beating injuries. A l7-year-otd boy, Yehia Zakaria Abu Kalub, was severely beaten bI Israeli soldiers in Shu'fat and had to undergo brain surgery. Another youth was aLso injured in the same incident. (Atta]ia, 2B January 1988, Al_Ittihad. 2Z January 1988)

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352. On 22 January 1988, it was reported that some 2OO Gaza StriP residents had receiveal treatment in hosPital over the Past couPle of days for beating injuries' Similar reports came from the Rafiallah area, where shoPkeepers and others who did noh take parc in the disEurbances were severefy beaten by troops in order to deter In Jalazun catnP trooPs' including others frorn taking Part in violent activity. officers, forcibLy took out residents from their hones and beat them in front of other residents, for deterrence PurPoses. (Hararetz, 22 January 1988) 353. on 25 January L988, a 26-year-old woman who was eight months Pregnant from the Jabaliya canp, !(as allegedly beaten by troops and was hospitalized in Gaza' she was named as sabah al-Aman'. she altegeal that soldiers had burst into her horne and started clubbing her husbald. lrhose arm was broken, soldiers also beat chil'dren and the wonan's father, aged 70' when she protested, she was beaten a1l over her boaly. including her abdornen. A doctor in the shifa Hospital in Gaza said that ?7 pregnant wonen had been hospiealized in recent weeks with injuries from beating and tear gas. Badariya Yussuf Sarnur, 42' was nine months Pregnant when she was involved in a violent disturbance. Troops threw tear-gas canisters inside her home, causing her injuries, as a result of which she lost her babY' Muaghar Lahidi, 80, frorn .Iabatiya, was injured vthen 30 or 40 sofdiers entered his horne and beat him all over fris loay. Dozens of others vrere rePor[edly hospitalized with injuries caused by beating. Dozens of children, aged frorn 3 months t'o (Ha'aretz, Jerusalem Post' 10 years, lrere hospitaLized with tear-gas injuries. 26 January 1988 ) 354. On 26 .tanuary 1988, a renewed outbreak of violent disturbances were rePorted Several Persons were iajuretl' Three men from silwad were in various localities. being treated in the Ramaltah ltospital for massive bruises in various parLs of their bodies. In Jalazun troops fired tear gas at women gathere'l at the loca1 Four women and a boy were UNRWA office where flour was being distributed. (Ha'aretz, Jerusalem Post' hospitalized ith rubber-bullet and beating injuries, 27 January 1988 ) 355. On 28 ,January 1988, there were reports that over the Past week IDF trooPs continued the policy of "breaking the bones,' of Palestitrian youths in Ehe occupied Two hundred Persons from .labaliya camP were beaten during the territories. curfew. one hundred persotrs were rePorted to have been hospitalized in Nablus' Ia another develoPment' IDE Ramallah and Jenin sufferiug f,rorn beacing injuries. soldiers forced over 1,000 persons in Nuseirat to scand at dawn in the cold for several hours. The Israeli military spokesman exPlainsd that the measure was ained at forcing parents to prevent their sons fron Prolesting' (Atta]ia, 28 January 1988)

356, On 8 February 1988, the parents of a 16-year-old youth, Ayed Muhannad Agal' from Bureij camp, said their son had been beaten to death by trooPs and his body was found in a nearby orchard. The report t{as not confirmed by military sources' (Ha'aretz, Jerusalen Post, 9 February 1988) 357. on 11 February 1988. a fact-finding beam of United slates physicians who visited hospitals in the territories said in a press conference that they had found mealical evidence of "an uncontrolled epidemic of vioLence by the army and the

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rtounded

Porice ln tha west Banh aad Gaza". one t6am nenber said that ,'the sheer nunber of that have estimateal l[tticates that th rate and scope of beatiag anil "'e oth6r forms of vLoLerce cannot be cotrsidered deviatlons or aberrations, and they come closer to being the norrn", The tean was red by Dr. Jack Geigr from the city university of New Yorh. oth6r tnemberE were Dr. Leotr shapiro, Dr. Jennifer r,ealing atrd Dr. Be r6t Simo!, all Ebree from Harvard Medical School. Dr. LeaniDg said the injuries seen by the team iadicated "a systematic patterr of rinb iujury, guidd by ttre i[tent to accomplish a fracture which will lot result in mortariiy.,. According to estimates by Palestinia! and Israeli laryers ard doctors monitorinl the casualties, there were bet,eer 630 and 266 injuries in the west Bark ;nd 4so to 1,320 i! the Gaza strip. some s to 10 per celt of the irjuries uere persons 10 years old or yourgeri 20 per cetrt were yomen. (Ha,areiz, Jerusaleir post,
12 February
1988 )

358. On 14 February 1988, two soldiers were arrested in coanection with an iacidelE the previous week in the vi.Llage of Salen, near Nablus, in whicb an army bulldozer rePortetlly buried alive four parestiaiaa youths after a protest. The youths hatt previously beea severely beate!, After bei[g buriecl the youtbs lost consciousness. Ttley rere rescued by other villagers and were taken to hospitar, According to nilitary sources tbe youths had been partially covered sith sand. rt aLso reported that four sordirs 9e[t[ced to 21 to 2g ttays in gaor for '.as ',ere "ulreasonabre use of force" against Gaza residents. (Ha,aretz, Je-rusarern post,
15 February 1988)

359. o[ 25 February 1988, it reported that a! rDF officer nas reftroved from his '"as duty in the Gaza strip folrowiug an i'cident i! uhich suheir Bader Fahm Kahir, 1g, fron the Shati carnp, was hospitalizeat with serious injuries ia the heail.

(lta'aretz,

26 February t9B8

)

360. Otr 29 February 1988, i! Gaza, Faisal olnar al_Ashi, described as a 2t_year_old retarded Arab, was s6verely beaten by troops. He hospitalized with a fractured ",as skurr ard other iajuries. Mir.itary sources coafirmed ttrai the case .,"as being investigated. (Ha.aretz, Jerusalem post, 1 March 19gg)
He was

investigating the case. (Ha'aretz, ,Jerusalem post, Ma.ariv, 22 March 1988) 362. on 10 ApriL 1988, it iras reported that erteDsive danage had village of Bit Um ar, lorth of Hebron, after fDF bulldozers had been caused in the cleared road blocks at the viLlage folrorrilg disEurbances. A reporter who visited the virr.age 6aw sone 70 damagett atructures, shop shutters that haat been trrerched off and bert, stotle staircases, tra1ls a|td fences that haal beeD ktrocked down, and many windows smashed, iuclutllng those itr the locar nosgue and in severar cars. l giass frout of, a booLcase inside the mosgue yas broken and some of the books torn. Senior officers were to iuvestigate the ircidetrt. (Ha,aretz, Jerusalem post. 10 Aprtr 1988 )

361. o! 21 March 1988, the botty of a youth was discovered in an isolated orchard. identifid as onar Abu Marabil, 27, He hatt nultiple skulr. fractures. T\do days earlier viLlagers reported that he had been seen being leal array by IDF soldiers. An IDF spokesrnan denied the allgations and said police wer-

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363, On 13 Aprir 1988, the IDF refuted a claim by the medical director of ttNwRA that soldiers had been using new and highly toxic gases in quelling demonstrations According to the UNRWA medicaf director, John HiddlesEone, at in the territories. least two youths had died after being sprayed. and in tato camPs 60 women had allegeal]y had miscarriages after being affecLed by gas. He asserted that one Lind of gas being recently used by the IDF caused severe abdominal Pain and another irnmobilized its victins by weakening the muscles Lhen inhaled. IDF sources stressed that the arrny was using only gases that were Pelmitted by international conventions. (Jerusalem Post, 14 APril 1988) 364. on 14 April 1988, a physician fron the Shifa HosPital, Dr. Kamal Abdul llay Abu, alleged that during the unrest in the Shati canP, he taken out of his home and beaten bv troops. (Ha'aretz, .terusalen Post, 15 'Dril 1988)
was

365. On 24 April 1988, it was reported that, according to a survey conducEed by the civif adrninistration in the Gaza Strip, lhere was a lo-per-cent increase in the number of miscarriages anong Gaza wornen in the nonths of December 1987 to March 1988 - the first four nonths of the uprising - in comparison with the sane perioat in the previous yeals. It was rePorted that during that period 240 miscarriages were registereal. In 166 cases wOmen said they had niscarried as a resutt of tear gas they inhaletl during the disturbances. (Ha'areta, 24 Apri] 1988) 366. On 26 April 1988. it was reported that the IDF and the civil. administration in the Gaza Sbrip haat been confiscating ittentiby cards of many adult males in the camps of Shat, Deir el-Balah and Jabaliya. PersoDs vhose identity cards were confiscated were given papers restrictinq them to the Gaza StriP until they fulfilletl certain requirements, including pal'nent of income tax, customs and value added tax. a police stanp certifying that lhey had no outstanding traffic or other viofations, palment of water and electricity bi]ls, etc. The tneasures were described as aimed at "taking the initiative" in the area. Many residents r.hose cards had been confiscated and lfho wele suspected of having played active ro}es in the uprising reportedly received orders Prohittiting then frorn leaving the Gaza Strip and forcing thern to regisEer at the central police station twice daily. It was further reported that troops had broken into the offices of tbe Gaza Bar Association, the Red crescent society and the Pa]"estinian wornen's union, and chat Accordinq to the files were confiscated for exan.ination by incone lax officials. president of the Ear Association. Fayez Abu Rahne, the soldiers also co{rfiscated records, including affidavits signed by hunclreds of Gaza residents alleqing irregufarities by security forces. (Jerusalen Post. 26 Aprit I988)

367. On 26 April 1988, it was rePorted that- the IDF hacl recelrtly introduced. for tlro ne$. sorts of truncheons. described as "rnore comfortable use in the territories' for the users. nore efficient and unbreakable". unlike the old wood truncheons, rrhich often got broken while being used, the new ones were unbreakable. (Ha'aretz, 26 April 1988 )
368. On 28 April 1988, a new order was published in the territories rnaking parenls responsible for their children's acts- The oraler concerned parents of children aged up to 12. In case such children were caughL throwing stones. burning cars or

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blocking roads. their parent.s would be required to guaratrtee their good behaviour. ff these guarantees were viotated the parents would be nade to pay fines, and, in serious cases, face criminal charges. under bhe milicary lato applicable in the territories children over 12 were criminarly liable, (Ha,aretz, z9 Aprir tggg)
369. on 10 May 1988, the civil administration in the caza strip began an extensive operation of replacing che ident.ity cards of alt Gaza strip residents over the age of 16. sone 350,000 people would have to change their cardsi if they faired to aro so they would have Eo go underground or leave the region. According to Gaza residents they were awakene,al at 5 a.n. by soldiers who entered their bome and took away their identity cards, Celting then they had to go and replace their cards. (Ha'aretz, 11 May 1988 )
370. on 16 May 1988, it was reported that, according to reservists who finishe,l doing their service in the territories, acts of vandalism, i1l-treatment and degladation of Arab civil.ians by some of the soldiers have become a norn that no one \das t.rying to combat. Such acts ranged from forcing persons to take off their clothes during searches to beating and acts of vandar.ism inside hornes, after the arrest of their occupants, (Ha,aretz, t6 May 19Bg) 371. On I June 1988, a report prepared by a team of sir fsraeli doctors concerningr hospitals in Lhe caza strip rras submitted to the Health and Defeuce Minj.sters and to the Atco rney-Gene ral . The tean had full co-operation from the rDF. a'noDg the tean's findings were the fotlouing: the use of tear gas in closed areas had aLmost certainly caused sorne 30 miscarriages. The rDF dial not reveaf informat.ion about the types of tear gas employed, although this rroul.d help in mdica1 treatment. Exposure to cs antl cN gas carried with it the risk of tori.c effect, and that risk rose when used in a closed area. rnfants, chilclren and those suffering from heart or respiratory ailments may die if exposed to more Lhan 10 ninutes of CS gas, Both cs and cN cou.ld be dangerous even to hearthy persons when the gas vras not used in the open. The team checked the cases of a Z4-year-old wonan, who was hospitalized in the intensive care unit h'ith a cardiac infarct after a tear-gas grenade was thronn into her hone, and a 54-year-old woman, known to have high blood pressure and diabetes, who was hospitalized with paralysis of the right side of her body and a stroke after inhaling gas. Fifteen babies aged one year reportedly died after exPosure Lo tear gas. Two boys aged 14 and 15 died after inha]ing gas. The report criticized the use of certain rubbe! bullets that could penetrate the body and cause serious injuries. It also criticized the !ran6fer by the IDF of vrounded persons to rsraeli hospitals for interrogation. (Jerusalem post. 9 June 19gg) 3?2. On 10 anit 11 June 1988, sources in Nablus said that troops took about ?O men out of their hone6 in the town and beat thern on the head and olher parts of their bodies, following stone-throwing in the area. The troopE also a.Lr.egedfy cursed and threatened lhe men. Some of the nen allegedly needed medical treatnent. but could not be adrnitted to hospita] for Lack of roorn. A mititary source denied the allegation but said that troops shot and $ounded several rioters in the legs when they resisted arrest after clashes in the old town of Nablus. Locar sources said that two girls, aged 10 and 11, were shot in the shoulder and that others were i.njured by rubber butfeis and beating. (Ha'aretz. Jerusalen post, t2 June 1988)

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3?3. On 20 iture 1988, Central Regioa Conmander Anram MLtzna ordered the closure for two years of a welfare socity in Et-Bireh, the "I!'ash al-Usra", heatled by Sarniha Rhalil, 65. Tho reason for the cloaure was the atistributiol of arti-Semilic material aDd hostile activity. Alother part of the irstitute, colsi8tilg of a d.ay-care ceatre anal a home for 132 orpba! girls agett 5-15, woultl remain oPen.

(Ha'aretz, alerusalm Post, 21 'tuae 1988) 374. on 22 .tu!e 1988, a eenlor military source said, in resPonse to the Publicatioa of au Annesty Internatioual rePort accusilg IAraeI of contributirg to the tleath Of 40 Arabs from the territories by usilg tear gas, that the IDF ititl lot klow of any cases of death caused by tear gas. rhe official insisted that the IDF used tear gas only to break uP d;onstrations antl not as a mealg of, Pulishnent' Ee sai'l ifrat, in any event, the chargea would be checleil. He adtloit that the tear gas usd by the IDF was tbe saJne as that useit by Police forces i! other western countries' tnat it had been used out of doors andl lot insitle buitdiags, "rrith the Possible "oa exceptio! of a very few cases". (Jerusalem Post, 23 Ju[e 1988)
375. on 23 Jun 1988, resialents of the Al-Anary ref,ugee camP nar Ramallah allegedl that atr IDF ParatrooP utrit hatt run amok tl e previous night, knocking down doors' breaking Lnto houses, smast-ltg furliture antl beatilg residelts, including chilttren, sone re8idents wer! reportedly take! to hosPital flith beatiag injuries. Tbe IDF was investigating the allegatioa. (Jerusalen Post, 24 ,Iune 1988) 376. Ou 26 June 1988, it was reportetl that resldents of Al-Anary cafllP hail alleged that troops hatt bee! ilt-treatilg residelts, by adninistering hypoderrnic 24, injectioas, or threateqiag to do so, At last four Persols, Nadir Mahmud, Muhanrnatt Mini, 25, As.ad ahaf i, 1?, antt Mialhat Jaber, affirmetl haviag received such injectioas. A doctor's report from the East ;terusalem Mukassed llosPital said that Nadir Mabmud r{as sufferiag from "chemical poisoniug". Residents also alleged that troops haal been threateaing then with hatchetss. A ParatrooP unit had been -out searches in the canp for 10 tlays ald tbere rre aumerous altegations carryiug of alanage caused to furniture, wildows, etc., as rrell as aLl.egatio[s of beatings. on 26 Jutre 1988, th6 IDF reportetlLy opea6tt an irvestigatl.o! iEto the allogations of use of hypodrmic neeatles t; itrtirnialate residerts. On 26 June 1988, the IDF dnietl ttre allegatiots. Ar IDr investigation rporteally found that !o xcesaes had been cornmitted by trooPs at the canP' (Ha'aretz, iterusalem Post, 26' 27 aad
28 June 1988)

g77, oA 8 JuIy 1988, it gas rePorlett that the IDF comnander i[ the Gaza striP, Brig.-Gen Yaacov Or, had suspended an entire unit of reserve soldiers from currelt opeiative activity in the region for ole $eek after it was established that the ooit t"*bat" vere involved in the severe beati[g of an Arab youth' Th case occurred on 10 May 1988. The youth lras captureal after he Chrert stoaes, hitting a Assar soldier in the chin. He tras badly beaten by tbe soldiers aDd a Physician I'l serlous to do so glve! hls 2 canp who was asked to accept nim for tr6atmeat refused co[dition. Ee ordered them to tratrsfer him to shifa HosPital, but evea at that stage the soldiers continued to beat !rim, one of tbe soldl.ers was rePortdly Put on iriat for his role in the beating. (Ila'aretu, I atuly 1988)

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378. on 13 July 1988, it was reported that reserve sofcriers serving in Rafah had knocked local residents to the ground, broken thei! bones and then dunped them inlo thorn bushes' on t3 July 1988. the rDF said it woulcl investigate the irlegations. (Ha'aretz, 13 July 1988i Jerusalem post. 14 Jufv 1988) 379. on 1t August 1988, the Association for civit Rights in Israel accused the rnifitary goverrunent in the Gaza strip of acting iffegarry in refusing to issue new identity cards to residents who could Dot prove they had paid arl thei.r taxes. The head of the civil adninistration in Gaza said he had no auLhority to discuss the matter wilh the media. (JerusaLem post. 12 A.ugust 1988) 380. On 16 August 1988, riots were reported in several Localities iD the Gaza Strip. A6sar Mahnud llawaj i. 60, from Shati canp, died after inhaling gas used by trooPs. It was reported from hospitals in the region that over tfre past two alays, during which the region had been under curfew, some g0 persons were hospitalized with injuries caused by severe beating or gas inhalation. (Ha.aretz,
17 August
1988
)

381. On 22 August 1988, in serious riot.s in the Shati and Jabaliya eamps in Gaza, several persons including children were injured. Twerve persons were injured fron beating and others fron inhafing gas. (Ha'aletz, Jerusalen post, 23 August tggg) 382. On 23 Augusl 1988, ALla Abu Foul, 12, flom Shati, died frorn gas inhaLatio!. KhaLiL Balowsha, 42. of JabaLiya, died folfor.ring the use of tea! gas by the IDF. Five People were shot and rdounded in Jabaliya when clashes broke out after i.t was reported that Balowsha had died when heficopters dropped tear gas and troops delayed him on his vray to hospital. Nineteen persons required treatnent for beatinqs. A curfelr was imposed on JabaLiya. Sheikh Radwan and Bureij canps, (Ha'aretz, JerusaLem post, 24 August 198g)

(b) ColLective punislunent
OraL evidence

383. Various accounts were given of the repression suffered Ly a group of, people whole community, or even sornetirnes by the -ntire Arab popuLation in Ehe occupied or territories, as a forrn of cor.lective punishment by way of demotishing or searing houses or rooms, or imposing curfews or econonic sanctions.

measures:

384. In this regard, reference vras nade to the various difficufties resulting the irnposition of prolonged curfews and various other restrictive col lec tives fron
"I,ae lrent inside a refugee camp. lrhere we net a woman vrhose husband lras in adninistracion detention. That refuqee camp had been uncler siege fo! 43 days, which was the Longest period so far in the West gank. vre learned. We lreard of the difficulties they had had during this tong siege. the lack of foocl and milk; the etectricity had been cut off and teiepnone lines had also been cur. They had not been cut al.I the tirne, but for .r".iorl" perlods, sorne days. I[

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was the cutting of the telephone Liues which made them very scared because they could not comrnunicate with the world oubsiile to tell if sonebody came to hurt them." (Miss Kirsten Ruuil, A/AC.145lRT.491) have eye-witnesses who say that the occupa!ion authorities attacked a truck vrhich was carrying foodstuffs and they destroyed the food in the truck. Another truck which lras carlying bread to Nablus during Lhe blockade of Lhat city was stopPeal and the bread was confiscated." (Anonfrnous witness' A/AC.145/RT.480)
,'We

"rn Dheisheh camP near Bethlehern, with 14,ooo inhabitancs' troops fired on the water t.anks at night and dePrivecl the PoPulation of drinking water' They afso dest.royed the water pwnp serving the Bethlehem area. It was very tlifficult to get anyone to repair that water station for fear of being attacked by the fsraeli authorities. They were withoub water for 20 days, while rsrael also imposed a curfew and operated a blockade on the camP.'' ( Anoulmous vritness, A/AC, 145/RT,482 ) "at the entrance to any of the cities or villages, in Jerusalem and in the West Bank, the security forces have erected barricades, and from 9 December 1987 until the end of March 1988 those barricades tr'ere manned only by military personnel. But nolt those barricacles are manned by civil Pol"ice as nell as by the occuPation forces. The Police have a list of the names of ttrose citizens who owe taxes, and the soldiers have a list of the nanes of those cilizens wanted by the coverrunent." (Anonymous witness, A/AC.145/RT.480)
385. Such accounts nay be found in documents A,/AC'145/RT.480 (an aDon]'mous witness ) r A,/AC. 145/RT. 482 ( two anonlrynous r,titnesses ) i A/AC. 145/RT. 487 (Mr. Walid Mahnoud), A/AC.145/RT.491 (Dr. Nago Ilumbert a d Miss Kirsten Ruud) and A/AC,145/RT.49l/Aitd.1 (an anonymous ltitness).

written information (i)
Demolition of houses
386. During the period under consideration, the Speciaf con$ilEee received rePorts frorn various newspaPers Providing information on various forms of collecLive punislment imposed on Ehe civitian population in contradiction with lhe provisions of the Fourth Geneva convention. This period witnessed a noticeabfe increase in cases of house demolition used as a form of such Punishment' tunong those cases' reference should be made in particulal to that of the 13 houses clernoLished on 10 April 1988 in the vil-fage of Beita, following the viofent clash that occurred between a grouP of teenagers from the Eilon-Moreh settfemenf and villagers from Beita, and in thich a young settler girl was ki]]ecl. It was rePorted that one of the houses demolished in Beita belonged to a viflager who had helped and saved several menbers of the settlers' group. Mention can also be nade of the statenent by MK Dedi Zucker, in a letter sent to the Israet Baf Association, the head of the Law Faculties and the Civil Rights Associatio , that since February 1988 65 houses 13 sealed and 19 Partiatly destroyed' and had been demolished in the territories, that 4 houses had been denolished in East Jerusa.lem.

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(ii)

Imposition of curfews

Written infornation
387. According to information received by the Special Comrittee, since the beginning of the uprising in December I9g7, the Israeli authorit.ies have systematicalLy resorted to hhe practice of establishing curfews, sealing off refugee camps or declaring certain areas closed militaiy areas. Owing io the extreme frequency of such neasures collectivety rest.ricting freedorn of movement in the occupied territories, which if listed indi;idually would have taken up considerabte space. only a few exarnples are cited below in order to illustrate the

situation in that reqard -

388. On 12 January 19g9, all the refugee camps in the Gaza Strip and camps in the West Bank were under curfew, (Ha'aletz, Jerusalem pos t,
13 January
19BB )

six refugee

389' on 7 February 1988, close to 2oo,ooo PaLestinians were under curfelr. including the inhabitants of Nablus, Tulkarem and Kalkiliya. (Ha,aretz, Jerusalen post,
B February 1988)

390' on 27 March 1988. a report described the siLuation in che vilrage of Kabatiya after 33 days of complete closure and other satxctions, forlowing the lynching th-re of Muhannad al-Awad, a suspected collaborator. There was no water, no electricity and gas, and no access to medical facirities. The virlaqe received food .uppries fron neighbouring vilLages using tractors and camoufraged sacks of chernical. fertifizers to conceal food and other basic conrnodiLies. (Ha,aretz, 27 March 19gg) 391' on 28 March 1988, the rDF decrared the territories closed miritary areas for 72 hours. The move coincided with the commenoration of Land Day on 30 March 19gg. rn connection with the three-day cl0sure of the territ.ories, Arab residents not be al"lowed to enter IsraeL or to cross the Jordan bridges. and entry to would the territories would be forbidden to non-residencs, inc.ruding journatists, except for a srnall nurnber organized in pools and acconpanied by an escort from the IDF spokesman's office. In addition, a curfelr was imposed on the Gaza St.rip for the entire closure period. rn the wesb Bank, local residencs lrou1d no. be ir.lowed to leave the irnrnediate vicinity of their vilrages or toirns, but wourd be allowed travel freery nea! their homes, Jewish setcr.ers would be alr.owed to travel to to work and "other normaL activities,,, but not to gather for any other purposes. Hr{nanitarian organizations such as the Red cross and UNRWA would be allowed to perform their tasks. The neasures inposed on the teiritories were seen by rePorters as unprecedented in their scope since the 1967 war. According to security sources lhey were intended to thwart plans by the organizer" oi th. uprising to turn Land Day into a particularly significant day ,,h,hich would not be forgotten for a long tine". The ban on movernent into and out from the territories was principalLy intended in order to prevent contact between the Arab6 in the territories and the Israeli Arabs. (Ha'aretz, 29 and 30 March 19BB)

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392. on 21 April 1988, 4OO,OoO Palestinians were under curfew in 20 refugee canPs in the west Bank and the Gaza strip and in the locatities of Nablus, Anabta, Azzoun and Albassan. (Ha'aretz, JerusaLem Post, 22 APril 1988) 393. on 22 APrit 1988, the entire Gaza striP was under night curfew frorn I0 p'n' under fu11 curfer'r' (Ha'aretz' Sorne 300,000 inhabitants of refugee camPs \{ere stilI Jerusal.em Post, 24 Aprif 1988) 394. on 13 May 1988, the dntire Gaza striP and large areas of, the west Bank !te!e sealed offi Nablus and the nearby refugee camPs were under curfew' (Ha'aretz, Jerusatem Post. 15 May 1988)

395. on !.2 antl L3 August 1988. four focalities in the Gaza StriP' Khan Yunis' Bureij, shabura neighbourhood in Rafah and "IPK neighbourhood", were under curfew. The measure affected a popuLation of 15o,000. other curfews atere imposed on Dheisheh and Tulkarem camPs. (Ha'aretz. 14 August 1988)

(iii)

Economic sanctions

written,information
396. According to rePorts receiveJ by the SPeciaI Comnittee from various newspapers, the Israeli authorities rtave, since the beginning of the uprising' resorted to a number of econotnic sanctions in addition to other forms of collective punishment against the Palestinian population. 397. Such sanctions have incfuded the breaking oPen of shoPs cfosetl by strikers; the btocking of food and fuel deliveries.: the banninq of fuet delivery to most Arab-owned gas stationst the cuttinq off of water' ef,ectricity and telePhone Linesi the severing on international telephone links; the limitation of funds all'o!|ed inside the occupied territories through the Jordan bridges; the disruPtion of exports frorn the occuPied territoriesi the uProoting of trees; the obligation to prove Pal'menb of taxes before receiving permils and licences' the fining of occupants of houses on whose vralls there were hostife slogans, and of parents of stone-Lhrowing chif dren.

(c) Expulsions and deportations oral evidence
398. The practice of exPufsion and dePortation of Palestinians from the occuPied territories, which has been used repeatedly by the Israeli authorities' in particular since the beginning of 1988, in violation of article 49 of the Fourth Geneva Con.rention. vthich prohibits inclividual or rnass forcible transfers frorn occupied territory, was evoked by a nurnber of witnesses'

399. In the course of the hearings on the subject. nany ntitnesses stressed Lhe illegal nature of the deportation Procedure. and the Potitical motives behind this practice. Reference was made to tbe fact that the intended dePottees were deprived of the opportunity to see the charges brought aqainst tbern ' Mr. Gtrassan ALi Aref Al-Masri, a deported journalist. stated in that connection:

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"The Judge said that there was sonething carled a classified fi.re anar r said: 'It is rny right to knov, what the charges brought against me are,. They told ne that this was classified inf,ormation which they could not reveaJ. and r said that I wanted a Lawyer and they saidt ,Wefl-, anl.way, revealing the information in your classified dossier would jeopardize our securicy so we cannot tell you what there is in this dossier,. Therefore, f would say that it is just a fornality because veryone says that there are channels and then there are decisions taken. But then finaliy r found out that the decision of my expulsion is political and has nothing to do with security.,, (A/AC.14s/RT,495)

400. Mr. Ahnad Khatid Al_Dik. a deported student, statedr
"?here are two fiLes for every pal-estinian, there is a secret fife and public fire' Now the pubric fire is available to the accused and his rawyer a for consulting, but the confidential file cannoL be conmunicated either to the accused or to his lawyer. The publis file was read out to the courts and it containeal exactly the same charges that had been made against me during previous arrests. For exanple there was an accusation that I had been arrested in 1980, and condemned to three years in prison at that time, for .belonging to a patestinian organization. The fire also said that in 19gz r had been accused and detained r.ikelrise. But as far as the inforrnation in confidential file is concerned, and I think that the main reasons for my che expulsion were in the confidential file, those are unknown items. intelligence services receive information from their informers andthe one no knows what is in their conficlential file. Therefore r believe that. the whor.e procedure was void, the so-ca1fed. court t,as rnerely a farce, and the conclusion is that the rea.L motive is the original zionist idea to drj.ve out palestinians to expef as nany palestinians as possible from hheir homeland,,,
(A/AC,14s/RT.494)

401, A nunber of witnesses referred to the harsh physical and psychological treatment they received while they were kept in custody prior to their deportation. Mr. Jibril Mahnud Ar-Rajoub, another deported journafist, st.ated the folLowing:

"I was arrested in ny house, f was on my honel,noon. The arny storrned ny house and the forces were fed by the military commander of the region and they told ne that I was to be detained. I asked Lhe military comnander what was the reason behind rny debention. I was insult_ed. sa they took me headquarters of the nilitary cornmander and Lhere I was beaten upto the rather brutally and it was a kind of vengeance, they toLd rne that ,you lrere imprisoned before alld you shoulcl have diecl in prison, you have not released, you shoufd not have come out'. On the folfowing should was takenbeen day I to Atlit prison in the north of palestine. On 3 January 19g8, I was taken to the Jneid prison and there I was totd that f was to be deported or expelfed frorn the country because I.m a persona non grata.,, (A/AC.145/RT.496)

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4o2. Mr. Fureij

Ahrnad

Khalil" Khairi, a deported engineer. stated!

"On 24 Decenber 1987, I was at home with my children and mernbers of ny family, I was with my family, my parents, my.wife, ny tlro chj.ldren ' ' ' Forty soldiers armed to the teeth cane and broke into rny house without prior aulhorization. f was attacked by these soldiers who alragged me away from rny family and. my childreu, I was not even aflowed to kiss them' I was detained in Ansar 2 Prison, which is at. the seaside in Gaza town. It rains frequently there, it. was in winter. We ctid not have enough bLankets. the food was poor. I was ill-treated by the soldiers in charge of that prison, not by the warders of the Po1ice. AC 12 o'clock in the norning I was nade to remove ny clothes and stand up naked, then they Proceeded to inhuman practices \thich I cannot describe and in fact. all ltrose who were there testified to the fact

that I lras i]l, that I coutd not stand in the cold' naked, without any clothing whatsoever. But they lefused to listen to then and they retorted alroganefy to any such requests. We were informed of the deportation on 3 January 1988, we were expelled from our hone, snatched away from our families and our chiLdren." (A/AC.145/RT.494)

403. The difficutt. conditions of the actual expulsion process ere afso described by a number of rritnesses. Mr. Abd l-Nasser Mohamed Abdel Aziz, a dePorted student. said in che course of his testinony: "on the lrth, it was a Monday at 11.15 precisely, an iDtelLigence officer came to see me in the Jneid centrat prison antl he asked what my identity was' I tolil him ny name was Abdel Aziz and he asked me to gather uP all my Personal effects, my clothing, and I was to go to the Prison adninistration' r asked whether I was about to be released or moved to anoLher prison. He didn't reply and when f co.LLected my belonqings he inforrned me that there was a declsion and oraler to deport ne irunediately. I asked whether I could contact ny family to inform them that I uas deported so that they would have some idea where I was. He said that it was impossible for anyone to be informd of this and at 11.30 on that same Monday, tl April 1988, I was Put in a car with Jatnal Shati Hindi and Eashir Nafa, we were each in a car afone, and our hands and feet were bound. We were covered with blankets so that we could not see out of the car and aft.er 20 kilometres by car \"e were taken to a Zionist calnp. Fron ny knowledge of the counbry's geography this ltas Huwara prison near Nablus and we were placed in a heticopter - a huge helicoPter - which took us into Lebanon and when our blinclfofds ltere removed we realized that there were eight of us in a1l. five from Gaza and three fron the West Bank"'
(A/AC.145/RT.494)

404. Testinonies referriug Lo the Problern of etrPufsions and deportaLions nay be found in docurnents A/AC'145/RT.485 (Mr. zualhi Sa'id); A/AC.145,/RT'488 (Mr. Bashir Ahnetl El xhairi), A/Ac.145/RT.494 (Mr' Fureij Ahnad Khalil xhairi' Mr. Jamal Shati Al-Hindi. Mr. Abd el-Nasser Mohamed Abde] Aziz and Mr. Ahmad Khalitl Al-Dik), A/Ac.145/RT.495 (Mr. Alrd el-Bashir Mahmud Nafa Hamad and Mr, Ghassan Ali Aref Af-Masri) and A/Ac.14slRT.4q6 (Mr. Jibril Mahnud Al-Rajub).

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Written infortnation
405. On I Septenber tgg7, the Central Region Cornmander, Amram Mitsna, ordered the deportation of a forrner Al-Najah university student rdho was at present serving a Prison term for actiug on behalf of the pFLp on the campus. The man gras naned as Abh ef-Nasser Moha.ned Abdel Aziz, 31, of Jenin. (Jerusalem post, 9 September 1987) 406. On I October 1982, an IDF spokesnan reported that a West Bank resialent, Za].arya Nahas of El-Bireh, had been deported to Jordan earlier in the vreek. had served 22 months of a two-and-a-hal f-year sentence for mernber6hip of the Popular Front and providing aervices to the orgaqization. (Jerusalem post, 9 October 1987 )
Nahas

4O7. On 3 December I9B?, an expulsion order was issued against. Jamal Iunes el-Hindi, 29, an Al_Najah University sEudent. According to the security authorities he was directly responsibte for organizing disturbances in the University, and was a senior activist of the Fatah in Nablus, and in the Al_Najah University in particul.ar. ge was also suspected of incitement in his place of residence, the \tenin refugee canp. (Ha,aretz, Jerusalem post, 3 December t9g7i A1-ItEihad, 4 December tg8? )

408. On 6 December 199?, the Israeli authorities ordered the expulsion of Abdel Fattah Ziyara, 49. a Gaza residet]t. The petition fifed by his lawyer to the Israeli Suprene Court concerning the expulsion order was rejectett. (Attalia, 10 December 19Bl )

409' on 3 January 1988, nine orders of expulsions were issued against palestinian activists - five from the west Bank and four from Gaza - charged vrith hostire astivity with the Fatah and other organizations, and with extremist rslanic bodies. According to military sources sorne of the persons to be expelled rrere anong the leatting inciters and organizers in the curretrt wave of unrest in the territories and nost of them had served long prison terns for hostile activity. The nine were named as follows! .fiUrif najub. 35, frorn Dura, near Hebron; Bashir Ahred el-Khairi, 44, a lawyer from Rarnallah; Jamat Jabrat. 28, fron Kalkiliya; Adel Nafah Hanad, 28, from the (alardiya refugee carnpi Irussam Khader, 27, from Balata camp; Fureij Kharir aL-Khairi, 40, from Gaza; Mohatnmed 27, ftom Gazai Hassan Abu Shakra. 3g, from Khan yunis; Khalil Koka, 40. Abu_sanara, fron the Shati camp near Gaza. It rdas reported that the four caza Arabs facing expulsj,on decli{ed a hunger strike ,'unt.il their release or until their death,,. They r,rere being held in the Ansar 2 prison. Their attorney, Felicia tanger, ]odged an appeal with the military revieir board against their expulsion. on 7 January 19g8. it. was rePorted that 11 .lawyers representing the 5 west Bank residents facecl with exPuLsion threatened to apply bo the High court- of Justice after the nilit.ary review board barred them frorn representing Jibri] Rajub jointly. According to the fantyers the nifitary board ashed them to decide on three lawyers who could represent Rajub' and the ocher lalryers had to r-eave the roon. The 1alryers refused to comply and all of them left, leaving Rajub without an attorney. In the case the four Gaza men facing expulsion the prosecution presented its argurnent and of lawyers from Gaza and rsrael representing the four appeated for more time to stucly documents presented as evidence against lheir client. They saict the classifiecl

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Page docwnents had been unavailable to the defence before they ltere submitted to the court. on 12 January 1988, it was rePorted thaE the five west Bank residencs facing erpulsion had alecitleal to drop their appeals againEt the exPulsion orders'
85

This followed a decision by the nilitary revies board not to allow their laltyers It was later rePorted that access to classified material the board had before it. one of the five, Adel Nafah Banad, decided not to droP hi.s aPPeal' At a Press confernce heltl by the laryers, attorney Lea Tsenel expfained lhat her cfient believed that pursuing a High Court of Justice appeal would only fegitimize a process that they deerned unjust. Attorney Felicia Langer rePorted that the four They Gaza men wbom she represented were in the tenth day of huager strike' iltended to take their case to the ltigh Court of Justice, she said. On 13 January 1.988. Hussan Khader, Bashir Ahrned e]-Khairi, .tamal Jabrat and Jibril Rajub were exPe]led to Lebanon. On 17 January 1q88, the High Court of Justice issued an interim injunction against the exPufsion of the four Gaza residents. Duty Jusbice Shelono Levin ordered that the deportation orders be suspended until an aPplication to cancel them could be heard. On 26 January 1988' the fifth West Bank man who had earfier decided Dot to droP his apPeaf, AdeI Nafah from Kalandiya, afso decided to withdraw his appeal. On 28 .tanuary 1988, it was reported that defence officials were inclined to postpone the Pfanned dePortation of the five remaining men faced with expulsion, for fear of causing a further 13' 18 and outbreak of disturbances. (Ha'areEz, Jrusalem Post,4,7,12, 26 <Ianuary 1988, tta'aretE, 14 January 1988i Jerusafen Post, 28 January 1988) residents of the territories against !.hom expulsion orders were issued' anre court said ehat from a Legal Point of view there was no impediment !o carrying out the The three arere Abduf Aziz Odeh, 33, frorn Gaza, expulsion orders forth{ith. on .Iarnal shati al-ttintli, 30, and Abd el-Nasser Afu' 32, from Jenin. 11 April 1988, the thrae. together with f,ive other residents of the territories, arere expelled to South Lebanon and taken by Lebanese cabs to Syrian-held The otber five deportees were ordered expelled in .tanuary but had territory. petitioned a rniLitary review boaf,d and the ltigh Courb of .tustice. Their petitions uere also rejected. All ltere deportetl on the grounds thac they had incited unrest during the uprising. They were Fureij Ahrnad Khalil Khairi, 40, fron Gazai MuhaNnad Abu-samala, 27, trom Gaza, l(halil Koka, 40. frorn Gazai llassan Abu Shakra' 38, of Khan Yunis, and Bashir Nafa Hanatt, 28, of the Katandiya refugee canp' In addition to the espulsions the IDF issued expulsion orders against 12 others, 6 from the village of Beita, whele a settler gill was killed the previous week' and 6 others believed to be organizers of recent protests and strikes' The Beita residents were: Muhamrnad Bani Shatnra, 36, Mustafa Mahmoud Harnail. 28, Sari Hala1 lta.nail, 26. Onar Mahmoud Daoud, 32, Najah Jamil Dweikat, 25, and Ibrahin Khader Ali Jarub, 2?. Tt{o of them had served Frison terms in the Past for belonging to the Fatah. Two others were leaders of the disbancled "shabiba" movement. All sit were said to be atnong the orqaniEets and inciters of the atCack against the group of Eilon-Moreh youths, The other six r'rere Adman Dahir' 3?' fron El-Bireh, an alleged communist activisti Almed Suleiman, 35, an alteged activist of Hawatmeh's Democratic Front.i Ghassan al-Masri, 30, from Ramallah, an alleged Fatah organizer; A'htnaal A-Dik, 28, fron A-Dik' a susPected Fatah activisti Ziad Rushdi Nahalla, 35. fron Gaza. a suspected activist of the Islamic Jihad; and On 19 APril 1988' eight Janal zakut, 31, from Gaza, a suspected DrLP activist.
41O. On 13 March 1988, the High Courc of .tustice rejeqted the aPplications of thfee

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west Bank residents uere expelred to tebanon fo1lolring their announcenent that they were dropping their appeals against the expulsion orders issued to them. six of the deportees were residents of Beita. The other two deportees were Ahned Fawzi a-Dik and Ghassan al-Masri. (Ha,aretz, Jerusalern pos!, 14 March and 12 and 20 Aprit 19BB)

411' on 14 April 1988. the five members of the High court of Justice tnade public the reasons for their earlier decision Co reject the applications by three west Bank and Gaza Parestinians against their expulsion order. The three, together with five other residents of the territories. were expeJ.red on 1r April 19gg. The court, by a rnajority of four to one, ruleal thac the intention of th; Fourth ceneva Convention of 1949 was to prevent the nass expulsion of populations frorn rnilitarily occupied territories and not to bar the deportation of individuals. Justice stranagar, the pre.ident of the suprene court. described the historicar. background of the adoption of the convention and noted that there was not even hint in it of its possible application to prevent the expulsion of a terrorist a infiltrator or of an eneny agent. Justice Sha.ngar also ruled on the question of whether the convention cou.ld be considered to be a binding part of rsiaeli raw. He found that specific legislation by the Knesset would be needed for such a purpose, either to declare the convention rsraer.i ralr or' .qsspled international practice also binding on fsrael. No such legislation had been passed. (Ha,aretz, Jerusalen Post, 15 Aprit 1998)
412. o^ 7 June 1988, the High Court of Justice issued two provisional injunctions banning the deportation of two west Bank residents, Adnan Da'er, fron EJ"-Bireh, and Ahmed suLeiman, frorn Turmus Aya. Both haar orders of expulsion issued against them, and their appeals to advisory boards were rejected. rn both cases the High court instructed tbat the petitions be heard by a Lnree_justice panef. (Ma,ariv, 7 June 1988 )

413. on 7 Juty 1988, Edwan Dahar, 38. frorn El-Bireh, announced that he was xetracting his petition to the High Court of Justice against an expulsion order issued against. hirn following the Beica incident in April 1988, (tti,ariv, I July 1988 ) 414. on I July 1988. deport.ation ordets were issued against six West Bank and four StriP residents described as "activists in palestinian organizations,, who Played a najor role in organizing the uprising. They were named as foltow6: Luai Nafa' Abdo. 33, of Nablus; Fathi Ibrahim Shakahi, 35, from Rafah, Muhammad Labadi, 33, from Ef-Bireh; Sanir Sbeihat., 14, from Et_Bireh; Radwan Ziadeh. 31, from Hebroni Mursi Abu-Aire ila, 21, frorn Ka]andiya; Janal Abu-Latifa, 31, from Kalandiya; Atunad Mustafa Abu Maifak, zg. ftom cazai Muhafirnad Abdallah Jarabfi, 4S, froln Gaza; and yusrr Darvrish al_Hamas, 36, fron Rafah. The I0 had served various prisorr terms in the past for security offences. some had been placed in administrative detention, on 19 July 19gg, it was reported that Luai Nafa' Abdo had inforrned the appeal cornrnittee in the Centlal Regron Cotnmand of his wish to suspend the appeal procedure against the expuls j.on order issued agai.nst him. (Ha.aretz, JerusaLem pos!, 10 Juty 19ggi Ha,aretz, 19 July 1988 )
Gaza

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415, On 20 JuIy 1988, it was reported that au aalvisory conmittee at the southern Region corunatd had recommended to the Region cor[Barder, Yltzhak Mordekhai, to go ahead with the erpulsion of trro Gaza residnts agairst whom expulsion ordrs haal bee! issued three motrths earlier. They rere narned as ziatl Rushali Nahla, 35, aaal
Jama} Awad zakut,

28. (Ha'aretz,

20

ituly

1988)

416. On I August 1988, the IDF erpellett eight Palestinians from the territories to Lebaron. Sone of thoae exPelled haat bee! in gaoL silc the early staqes of th uprising, but were accused of coatinuiag their hostile activity ia prison. sir of the deportees were f,rom the gfast Bank. They were naned as! Lu'ai Abdo, 32' of uablus. a journalist. and translator who had been released in 1985 itr the Prisoler exchange with A}mail .tibril,6 organizatioai Atlnan Daher, 3?, a Co$alunist activist fron El'-8ireh, Ahmad suleinatr, 36, of rurmus aya, an activist of the DFLPi Janal Abu Latif,a, 23, of Ralanatiyat Mursi Abu Aweila, 21, of Kalariliyat aldl Sanir sbeihat, 34, of EI-Bireh. The three lattr dePortees were leaders of the outlawd Shabiba orgatrisation. lwo of th6 dePortees were fron Gaza! Jamal zakut' 31, a DFLP leaaler, antt Ziaat NahaLe, 35, an Islanic ilihad activist' A1l were accused of incitemett and subversive activity. (tla'aretz, Jerusalen PosC, 2 August 1988 ) 417. On 17 August 1988, the IDF expelled four Arabs to Lebanon and issued eErrulsion orders to 25 others. rhose expelled were: Mutrannatl Jarabli, 45, fron Gazai yusri a1-Amasi, 36, frorn Rafah, Fat'bl Shakaki, 35, fron Rafahi and Atmaat Abu Ma'i1et<, 29, from Gaza. Tho xPutsions brought to 33 the lunbr of PalesEinians deported sirce tbe beginning of the uPrisitrg in Dcembr 1987' Accorating to the IDF, the 25 others, 10 from Gaza atrd 15 f,rotn the west Bank, were also leaders of the uprisirg atrd had direct ties to the PoPuIar conmittees. Tbe names of the 25 melt served with erpulsiou orders were rePorted as follorrs: Muhanmadl Abd el-Jalil Matawar, 38, from E]-Birehi fayassir al-Arwl, 43, from El-Bireh, a Cormunist activist and lecturer at Bir zeit University; Majett Muhanmad Abdullah Labadi, 28, from Abu Disi Akaf wahid Abatallab, 27' ftom Anabta, Odleh Yusef Ma'ali, 30, from Niana, trear Ratnallaht Abat e1-Eami't Baba' 25' from Al.-tunary camgi Tayassir Muhamnad Salah, 27, fron Balata canpi Hari Muhantnail Hafub, 28, from Tulkarem, Bilal Shahshir, 36, from Nablusi Mas.ud othnan zaifar, 42, ftom Nablusi Jalral Ibrahitn Freij, 25, from Dheisheh carnp t othman rxreirat, 29, ftorr. Balata camPi rssan Anin Dabai, 24, from Nablus' yusuf llarb odeh, from Balata ca.mp i othtnan Mul- amr|aat Daoud, 27, from Kalkiliya, Sayed Ilussein Baraka, 32, fron Bari Suheila in the Gaza StriPi Nabil. Muhafimad Tamus, 21, from Gazat Fathi Onar gajaj, 36, from Gazai Riaal wajih A'gur, 26, from Gazai Abttallah Abu-sanhadDa, 38, from Gaza (a lecturer at caza Univeisity); Aisb Abu-Saada, 30, from ilaballya canPi Rizet< Mahmud Biari, 28, a jouraalist from Gazai Muhammatt Saatli Maalwah, 38, from Gazat Munairn Muharnrnad Abu-Ataya, 33, from Gaza; and Attab Muhannait Abu Karesh, 54, from shati camp. Most of the men had received prisol setrterces in the Past for security offences or served Perioals of admiBigtrative det6ntion. Maly were susPected of activity in the franettort{ of the Fatah or other orqanizations, and were believed to be leaders of popular comnittees in their torras. (Ha'aretz, Jerusal'ern Post' 18 August 1988)

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Advocace

418. On 19 August 1989, iE was reported that the office of the Judge -Generar had prepared rs adttitional erpulsion orders again;t terribories believed to be leaders or members it popufar connittees. Arabs fron the (Ha,aretz, 19 August 19Og)

(d) Economic and social situation
OraL evidence

419' A number of witnesses referred to the deterioration of the living conditions of the civilian population in the occupied territories, in particular since the start of the uprisiag.
420. Dr. Nago Hunbert stated in this connection!
"The social condition hacl marketny deteriorated _ and when I speak of the social situation r incr.ude t,e economic situation. The pright of the civitian poPufation, and especially in Gaza, is _ it is an extreme wold catastrophic.', (Dr. Nago Hunbert, A/AC.145/RT.49l)

421. An anonyrnous witness reached the same concl.usion in his testi.monyl
"The economic 6ituation indeed has deteriorated, A famity lrhich in past relied on the head of the fanily or one or trro members of the farniLythe no longor go on in this way. practicarry alf members of alr faniries are can unemPl.yedt most schools are cfosedi rnoney transfers to the yrest are very difficult siace no more than ,JD [Jordaniaa dinarsJ 400 can cross Banl.border the wi'th any one person - whether through the airport or traverring-bf road and therefore there is no possibility for peopre to live at the same standard as they did before the uprising. They have ,ro tr|"ur" of continuing their livelihood' Therefore the situation has indeed deteriorated and there is no source of income for the inhabitants of the occupied territories, Mo6t of these inhabitants are poor, working-crass peopr.e, and this is a fact wbich has beeD taken into consideration by the autho;ities since June 1967. authorities want to attach the occupied territories to the central The economy of Israel., inposing taxes, imposing restrictions on the citizens and Curning them into a cheap source of Labour within fsraefi power. This uprooting peop]e fron the fand because they have to go andis also a way of wolk sonewhere else, and of course the land then becomes iallow because it is not worked by the citizens. Then the authorities confiscate it.,, (Anonyrnous r,ritness,
)

A/ac.145/RT.480

422. Another ritness referred to present difficutties funds and donations to the occupied territories:

concerning the transfer of

"Al1 the time the Israelis object to any external plans, or pfans from other countries to develop our existing institutions or to build new health institutions. The only thing they w!.li permit is for the noney to given to them, and they wilr start it by themselves. That was the case with be the .Al-Hus6ein Ho.pital, where the Svreclish Goverunent was trying to participate

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the activeLy in the developnent of that hospital' The Israelis insisted that plans they would carry out the plans be made according uo tft.i. own interestsi with the svtedish funds, the sredes coultl not fund their own plans' So if you wanied to donate money to any of our institutions in the west Bank' you have bo folLow the Israeli Plans ind rnake che funds over directly to then ' There were exceptions in resf,ect of certain donations to so$e hosPitals' but in general, uP to now, they are not allowed' The Conmitbee of the Friends of the alia ttospiiaf in Hebron-was Planning to donate an a$bulance' but lhe IsraelisLo objecteat. TheY refused without giving any reason' Some other cities tried establish a volunteer service to heIP with the shortage of staff in the hosPitats,butEhelsrae].isldouldnoEallowit'.othershavebriedtodonate special beds for surgery, for Paediatrics, for new-born babies' buh che Israelis wouLal not .ilo* ," to take those donations' Most of the tifie hhey claim that that money is for the PLO and that is why it is refusd' Actually we are helpless in tlis matter. we receive many offers of donations or help but lce cannot receive it because the nilitary forces will not all'ow it' There was one excePtion recenEly vthen the 'Jordanian Gover nenE was allorted to make a donabiontothelaboratoryoftheAl.HusseinHospibalinBethlehem,anamount of $55,0o0, so we re-established the whole Laboratory' buC that is the only thing I rernember in this fieltt. They contioue to refuse such assistance' Perhaps in the fut.ure they ltill be less hard-headed"' (Anonymous t'ritne6s'
A/AC.145/RT.482),

423. Specific reference was also made to Problens faced in the agriculEural sector. An anonl4lous witness mentioned sorne of the issues that fartners were confronted with
3

"r have a citrus grove and r selL ny Produce nostly to comPanies rbich use it to Produce truii juice; Part of it I exPort to Anman' In either case the price is not very favourable. The Israeli authoritiea will not a1lo$ us to export our Produce elsewhere in the wortd, especially to the EEC countries. we are nob allowed to do that, were $e able to exPort to the EEC countries the alivialeuds woutd be rnuch higher and our circunstances woufd be vexy nuch eased. I have been sellinq my produce, like other farmers' to che merchants in the Gaza StriP. The merchants take the produce and either exPort it to tunrnau or sell it to Lhe conpanies who make juice' But for the Past tl{o months no funats have been alLowed to corne in from Arnman' so for the Pasc tt'o months I have not made any money. I have been selling, but the funds are being bfocked anal cannot corne into the Golan Heights' The rnoney is held in The merchants Amman. The noney is there, but we cannot receive it' it inbo the occuPieal themseLves cannot receive the money and bring since the beginning of the rrPrising noney has not been afLowed territories. to enter the occuPied tertitories.
That "There is one bank in the Gaza StriP called the Bank of Palestine' the fand or agricultural bank grants loans to farrners for improvement of techniques. The loan would be for a Periocl of Ll nonths' but the ProbLem is that you have Lo pay 18 per cent interest, so it isn't in any way Profitable

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to us to apply for a loaD. There are other Israeli banks operating in the caza Strip who will grant loans, but the interest. you have to pay is above
50 per cent,

"The fsraeli authorities control Lhe use of water resources, Everyone who owns a werl is responsible for the irrigation of a land. The Israeli authorities impose a guota per dunarnnumber of duna.ns of of land. There are water meiers attached to the lrells. ff you exceed the amount allocated to you in proportion to the nr.rirber of dunans you calrof water irrigate, you have to pay a fine conunensurate with the excess nater you have useal. Every month someone comes t.o rea,al the water meter.,, (Anonl,rnous witness,
A./AC.145/RT.492 )

Written infornation
424. On 1 September 1987, a second branch of the Jordanian Cairo_Arnman Bank was opened in the Wesc Bank.- The new branch was opened in Ra.nal.lah. (Ha,aretz, Jerusa.Lem post, Z September 19g7) 425. OA 26 October 1987, the Knesset passed and rnfrastructure to transfer trre rilrrt to a bil). enabling the Minister of Energy fron the East 'terusarem Electric co,npiny to supply etectric power to certain areas thl rsraet Electric conpany. The Arab comPany would be pernitted to supply electricity on 6 December 1987, the fnergy uini-ster, Moshe onry to Arab towns ana villages. Shahal, began disconnecting Jewish neighbourhoods in Jerusale, ...o"" the Green Line served by the A,rab_owned Jerusalem District Efectricity Company, linking them to the national power grid. The move foflowed Knesset legislation to i""rr.-th" Arab concession for 12 years, exclualing Jewish neighbourhoodsconpany a nei, ,educed settlenents. On 7 December 1982, clirecto." oi tfr" Arab and WesL Bank company reporteally inclicated their de facto acceptance of the new arrangement, pledging to continue supplying Power to their rernaining ?0,000 clients (out of the formex 1OO,OO0). However, workers at the film stagJa a strite ina canpaign against the move. ( Eal3reL_a. 27 Octobersaid they would wage a protest. 1987i Jerusalem post, 29 October and 7 and B Decenber 1987)

nlu: 9" 28 January 1988. it ",as reported that adninistration, yeshayahu Erez, had authorizedthe head of the west Bank civif in the past week over 400 construction projects in rural areas in the West Bank; bhis followed a year of alrnost total paralysis in that field forrowing police a inquiry into alfegation of corruption and embezzlenent. (IIa,aretz, 29 Jinuary t9B8)
427. Ot 17 February 1988, it was reported that the Empfoyrnent Servi.ce had set up a :Peciaf unit to supervise the employrnent in Israe] of workers fron the territories' over 50'000 wor*ers fiorn the cerritories were reporLedry employed in Israel without pernit6 and were not paying taxes. According to another report 40 per cent of the workers in the t..ritoii." were employed in Israel (some I1O.0O0 out of 285.000). Some 46 per cent of lhen vrere emp]oyed in construction and 18 Per cent in agriculture. (Ha,aretu, 17 February I98g)

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428. Ot 6 March 1988, the co-ordiuator of activities in the territsories, Shmuel Goren, referring to the economic repercuss!.ons of the uprising, saial the adnitristration sas seeking ways to ensure that residents Paiat their taxes. These itrclutled a requirement from residents seeking driving li.ceaces, travl documents aDd export permits to appear at the a&ninistration offices to obtain an aalditional permit, Residents who had not paid tbeir tares were not issued the ilocunents. Gorea added that the third braDch of the Cairo-Amnar Balk ilr th6 territories, after Nablus ard Rarnallah, had recentLy beea opened i! Ilebrotr. (Ha'aretz, Jerusalem Post, 7 uarch 1988) 429, Oa 1 iluue L988, a west Bank civil ailministration official told rePorters that, otring to the alrop in tax collection, many developrnetrt Projects, inclutliug fuuds for Iocat authorities, electricity grids, water wolks and Phole systems, as wefl as l{elfare assistance anit nedical care paymentss, had been frozen. (Jerusalem Post, 2 J- e 1988)

430. On 31 .Iuly 1988, it was reported that an intermiaisterial coffnittee had ttecideat to grant five citrus-grorers from Gaza, includling former Mayor Rashad A-Shawa, export licenses that rould etrab1 them to exPort directly to the European Conmunity. This nould be the first time that exPorts from the territories to Europe would not be handtett by the Israeli Citrus l.Iarketllg Board.
(.terusaLern

Post, 31 July

1988)

2.

Iufortnation on measures affecting certaiu fundamental f,reedoms

(a) oral

Freedom

of

movenent

evidence

431. New measures irnplemented iu thc occupied territories ard restrictilg the freedon of movement trere described in some testimo[ies. An anonymous witaess stated itr this connectioa:

"In Gaza, at the begin[ing, we all had the sane ide[tity card. Then tbey divittett the Gaza into regions and every region startecl baving its own caral. But then there is another thing, because the card would also bear a mark or sotne sort of sigD relateal to th identity of the Person. If the persotr i9 a dernonstrabor or is known to be an agitator or has been involvgd in Protests, there is a certain tnark on his card whish would Prevetrt hin frorn rnoving freely, frorn coning and going." (A/Ac.145/RT.49l/Attd.1) written information
432. Durirg the period untler consideration, the Special. Conniltee received reports fron various newspapers providing infofinatioa on neasures affectilg th freedom of movement of the civilian population. such information lncluded relevant details such as the date, the subject(s) of restriction, the place and tyPe of restriction Accorditrg to the appliett and, rthen available the notive of the restriction. inforrnatiOn prOvided, restrictions such as travel bans or tortn restrictions have

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been aPplied both individuarry, again.t specific persons, or cofrectivefy, the totality of residents of a given area. With regard to such colfective against restrictions, reference has already been nade in paragraphs 387-395 to and systematic neasures implernented by the rsraeli authorities since the severe of the uprising, such as the inposition of curfews, sealing off canpsthe beginning or or declaring certain areas cl.osed militaly areas, Other measures further vi.llages, restricting the freedom of rnovement in thl occupied territories have such as new administrative measures i! the Gaza strip aining at the been reportea, replacenent identity cards of aLl lesidents over the age of 16. Some 35O,OOO persins would of leportedly have to change their cards; if they fairett to do so tre| wouLa have to 90 underground or leave the region. These meisures have a]so reportedly been used by the occupying authorities to prohibit nany residents whose cards have been confiscated and who l,ere suspected of having played active ro.les in the uprising fron leaving the Gaza strip (see also parasi 1:;. soo and 369 above).

(b) Freedom of worship Written informat ion 433' on 10 october 1998. it was reported that a scuffle had taken place at the Patriach's cave in Hebron, between Jelrish and Arab worshippers, afier a Muslim funeral procession entered the area during Sabbath prafers. Jewish worshippers threw chairs at the Muslin mouruers and triea to force then out of the soldiers and border guards rushed in and separated the two camps. Somearea. IDF of the ::19i..: nere beaten bl' worshippers. (Ha,aietz, .rerusaLen post., 11 and 12 October 1987
)

434' on 11 october 1987, it was reporled that sone 2oo Mu.rims demonstrated threw stones and bottles when a group of five members of the ,,Tenple Mount and Paithful" group entered ehe area and wa]ked around it under heavy police guard. Troops used tear gas ald fired shots in the air to disperse tfre criwa. Three policemen were slight.ly injured and rz protesters irere arrested. sone z5 Arabs were treated in hospital for the effects of tear gas. (Jerusalern post,
12 October
1987
)

435. On 7 .tanuary lqBB, for the first time since the Israeli occupation, the IDF declared the area of satah Ef-Din Mosque in at_Awamid, Gaza, a closed nilitary area and barred worshippers from entering ih" rno"q,l". (Al_Ittihad, I January lgggi AttaLia, 14 January 1988) 436. On 15 January 1988, a vioLent dernonstration was heLcl on the Tenple Mount, autside the Af-Aqsa Mosque. police. after being pelted with stones, used a targe quantity of tear gas and clubbed protesters. A border quarci was captured by Muslim protesters, taken inside the Al_Aqsa Mosque and beaten on the head. He fired the.air and could escape, Scuffles were reported bel\reen Muslin protesters in and policemen' sone 30 protesters were hospitaiizear nith tear-gas and beating injuries. (Ha'aretz, Jerusalen post, lZ January 1t88)

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Page 93 cave 437. On 20 February 1988, violent incidents were rePolted in the Patriarch's Muslim ltorshiPPers who had in llebron, where troops used force to disPerse to an penetrated into a ha11 where Jewish worshiPPers were praying' according (tla'aletz' 21 February 1988) irrangemenE with the Defence Ministry.

in the 438. On 4 March 1988, it was rePorted that the security autborities prevent their in nosques so a6 to territories were confiscating loudspeakers used use for t.ransmitting inciting messaqes' (Ha'artz' 4 March 1988) ttre uprising' 43g. on 11 March 1988, in Gaza, for the first tine since the start of had come out Ehat stone-throwers the IDF closed three Ino6ques on Friday, alleging of them. Three soldiers were sLightly injured from sbones' (Ha'aretz'
13 March 1988
)

been taken by 44O. On 12 July 1988, it was rePorted that a decision had recently Musfim council on the rempte uoilntl inclucling the controf over senior reJigious officials the officiafs and the heaals of the Muslin Egg!. According to security were allegetlly the uprising and qagE officiats have been increasingly involvetl in (Ha'aretz' involved in drafcing one of the recent teaflets concerning Jerusalem' 12 July 1988 )

thesecuriLyauthoritiestostepuPthecontrolovertheactivitiesofthesuprene

(c)

Freedom

ol

e:pEeE-i.Q.A

Oral evidence by the 441. A nurnber of witnesses testifieal on the various restrictions inPosedwas made in of expression' Reference occupying authorities on the rigbt to freedom pargicular to the bLack-out thai the Israetis have been trying to imPlement in on older to prevent the news media. both international and local' from rePorting the uprising in the occupied territories:
barred "In March I98E alone' L,800 neLspaPermen and corresPondents were were attacked' The from the territories and some ot the Phoeographers representative uf NBC was in Ramallah and prior to that he was in Jerusalem when there were women demonstrating. rejecting the acts of the Israeli authorities. The occupation for"ei attacked the denonstration, they hit the photograPh women and detaineat some of them. The NBC correspondent tried to !'as hib by the occupation this, to film it, and he was cletained' he authorities' when the Police found ouq who he r"as' they released him and he the trent back to his hotef and set a telex to Lhe united States' recounti'ngevents' frorn covering these incident. Many correspondents have been PreveDt'ed ( so that the uorlcl outslde does not get to know what is happening-" Anon]'mous witness, A/AC.145/RT.480)

442. various other infrinqements on the right to freedorn of expression were nentioned in testinonies. such as the closure or expropriation of newsPaPers of news agencies, the censorshiP or banning of newspapers' or the harassment adninistrative deEention' iourrraii.ts, many of whom were helc1 under

and

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443' Te.timonies relating to restrictiol of the righc to freedom of be found in docunents A/AC.145/RT,48O (an anonymous witness)i and expression nay A/AC.I45,/RT,4g4lAdd.1 (Mr. Faris Gtubb).
WritLen iuformat.ion

444' on 8 september 1997, it was reported that the head of the Palestinian centre for the study of Non-vio.1ence, Mubarak Awad,East Jerusar.em to the Jerusalen porice for questioning, foll0wing a petition tohad been swnmoned the High by lawyer Elyakirn Haetzni of Kiryat-arba and !ight_wing act.ivisc court of j:"!i". Shelono Baum. The petition requested ."iio' o' a conpfaint subnitted by Baun in 1986. in which he clairned that Awad,s advocacy of civit disobeclience by Palestinians in the territories was ,,incitemeirc civil rebelfion,,. The questioning at the porice vras done on instructionto from the Atto rney-Gene ra.r. . Awad was the author of publications on rnethods of non-violent resi.stance to rsraeri occupation. including acts of civir disobedience, such as refusal to shor., i.entity cards to police and soJ.diers and non-pa]rment of tanes. (Ifa,aretz, 8 September 1987; Jerusalem post, A ana-S Septernber 19g7)
445, On 25 October 1.997, the Central Region closure for two years of a Nablus .r.ld" 6ffi." Cornnander, Anram Mitzna ordered the run by Muhammad Anira, 4?, a forrner correspondent of A1-ouds, who reportedly confessed to maintaining contacts with central figures of Fatah and receiving noney from the organization. (Ha,aretz, Jerusalem post, 26 October 1987)

446' on 15 Novenber 1987, it was reported that the civif administration had irnposed a ban on the 'teek-l'nq Al-Sha'ab. disLribution in the territories of two pro-plo Dewspapers, Al-Fair and On 15 November gg7, press conference was held in East Jerusalen in which rnanagers of lhe tlro papersaannounced that ' they had Pub.lication for the duration of the banl in protest against the civil ceased adrninistration decision. (Ha,aretz, 16 Noveiber I987; Jerusaten post, I5 and 16 November
1907 )

44'l ' on lL December 19g7, it was reported that the distribution of the East Jerusalern newspaper Al:jejr in the daza Strip and the l,fe6t Ba_rrk was banled for 10 days. In protest, th nanagers of the newspaper decided to stop printing it altogether' on 16 December 1987' it ros repoti.ed nelrsPaper, Af:.belaU, lras barrned for distribution that another East Jerusafem in the West Bank untif 26. Decenber, on the grounds that it had violated censorship in an editorial published earfier, which described recent shooting of Falestinian "cold-blooded nurder"- On z2 December 19g7, the head of the civil rioters as actministration yeshayahu E!ez, orderecl a one*month al" ban on the clistribution of :: East-Jerusalen l":a Bank, the daily Al-Ouds in [he west Bank the caza censorship viotations. (Ha,aretz. 11 Decernber andand December Strip for al.leged 23 Lgg7, Jerusalem Post, 16 December 1987 )

448' on 9 January 1988, Hanna si.niora. editor of the East Jerusalern daily Ar-Fa.ir, was guestioned for over trfo hours at the police headquarters in the Russlan compound in Jerusalem over his call for civit ordered by the Atto rney-Gener al . siniora was disobedi;;.;.- in"'nr""Jir"t"g "u" rereased on bail. He fater told

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reporters that. he was told that he atas suspected of sedition' ptotting to (Ha'areEz' damage to others and incitenent to refrain fron Paying taxes'
10 January
1988
)

cause

in 449. on lL January 1988, two East Jerusalern journalists were placedKhoury' 39' a named as Saman administrative deiention for six months. They were part-eine corresPondent in the t'lest Bank for agence France-Presse' and Hani Issawi' a freeLance journaList. (.Terusalem Post, 12 January 1988) for five 450. on 14 JaDuary L988, Hanna Siniora was detained and questioned which he hours' Jerusafem in just before he was to hofd a Press conference in East he intended to announce nelt measures in the framework of Lhe "civil disobedience" journalists ltere detained on Three other East Jerusalem had announced earlier' suspicion of tnembershiP of a hostile organization' They vtere namedl as editors of Mohartned zheikeh, correspondent of Al-Fair, Saleh zuheiki' one of the Arab Al--Sha'ab, and AbdeL Lat-if RiLh, a former editor of A]-fajr and rnenber of the of rbrahim Kara'in' partner Journalists' Association' The police also questioned weekly Al-AEtlEh' Rayrnonda Tawil in the Palestinian Press Agency and editor of the Workers' Association' The and Ghassan Ayub, an active member of the PalesLinian evenbs in two were about to abtend a press conference in East Jerusalem on recen! of Planning and hoLding an They r'te re questioned on "suspicion the territories' il]egal meeting", and irere later released. (Ha'aretz' 15 January 1988)
451. On 1.0 February 1988, the Jerusalem police raided a PrinEing house in Isa$tiya' According to rePorts East Jerusafem, anal confiscated machines and otlher naterial' firsb six numbers of leafLst's on the printing house served for the printing of the Territories"' behalf of the "united National conmillee for Lhe uprising in Lhe(Ita'areLz' which issued guidelines to the inhabitanbs of the territories' t1 February 1988 ) by the 452. on 16 rebruary 1988, the High Court of Justice rejected an aPPlicacionin the its distribution ban owner of the East .ferusaLem newsPaPer Al-Ouds aqainst territories for 45 days, imposed 25 days earfier by the censorship' (Ha'aretz' 17 February 1988) west Bank 453. On 6 March 1988. it was reported that the four najor tonns in theto military zones" and parts of the Gaza Strip had been declared "closed journalists. Road-blocks were Placed on access roads to Ranallah' Hebron and crews Bethlehern and cars belonging to reporters, press photoqraphers and television were also banned inside Nablus' were prohibited from Pas;in;. wewi media personnel RamalIah, Bethlehem, Hebron and poPutated areas arouncl these t-owns ' Solcliers governors nanning the road-blocks showed reporters orclers siqned by lhe military took down the registration declaring the areas cfosed rnilitaiy "on""' SoLdiers defy the numbers of reporiers' cars. so that they could be identified should they given instructioDs to confiscate ban. Contnanders in the areas concerned were journalists' calds to repollers and Photographers seen in the closed areas' the presence of news media Personnel in tense areas According to military "oa,t".", exacerbated the tensions. (Ha'aretz, 6 March 1988)

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454' On 18 and 19 March 1ggg, rnany west Bank areas were closed to news media coverage and in particular to te]evision crews, (Ha'aretz, Jerusalern post, Ma'ariv, 20 March 19gg)
455. On 24 March 1988, nearly all 21 printing plants in the caza to close down by the region's rDF commander. - ihe order specified Strip were ordered printers licensed directly by military authorities night -continue that onry those co operate. The closures were reportedly part of, a widespread campaign to curb the proiuction and distribution of .leaflets. (Ha,aretz, , 25 March 19gg)

456' on 29 March 1989, the Foreign press Association in rsraer petitionear che High court of Justice for an order nisi agaiust the c'osure for thre-e days of the entire west Bank and Gaza strip to news media. The applicants also asked issue an interim injunct.ion ordering the Gover-nment and the Defenqethe court to Minister not. to pfevent journalists and radio and television personnel from carlying out their work aad cover events in the closed areas pending I decision on trre pltiiion. on 10 March 1988, the High court of .rustice isiued an order nisi instructing the Governmeni:' the Defence Minister and the rDF comnanders in the west Bank ancl the Gaza Strip to show cause {ithin 30 days why they shou]d not refrain from Prohibiting journarists, members of the roieign press Association in rsrae], from entering the territories and carrying out their journalistic tasks. The High court refused to is.iue an interim iniun-tion that lrour.d have enabled foreign journalist6 to cover events in the territories until I April to the news media wouLd expire. lt the hearing a1ggg. whea the thre;-day closure representative of the Stat.e Attorney said that two "pools of journalists,,, with g_16 iournalists each, were Present in the territories in the past 2 days, representing the entire domestic and foreign press. Another pool !.as covering tie Gaza Stri.p. According to a rePresenLative of the rDF spokesmau. the ,'pool arrangenent was very flexible. the foreign journafists courd decide on the itinerary the target, and could modify the itinerary even in in the area, could co-orcrinate its officer on behalf of the IDF spokesman, who acconpaniedcourse. An accompanying each pool, enabled the rnembers to carry out their tasks freery. They courd interview any l.cal resident r'rithout restrictions, to the extent ttrat no ii'nediate operationar activity was under nay". However, a lawyer for the foreign journalists arranqenent, describing it as an organized jour""y that alittcriticized the pooL not befit a denocratic State. (lla'aretz, 30 and 31 March i9B8)
457. On 30 March 19g8, the Central Region Conmander. Maj._Gen. Amran Mitzna, ordered the cl'sure for six months of the par.estine press service. The order was based on the Defence (Ernergency) Regu.lations of 1945. According to security sources, the East ,terusalern news agency. owned by Ralnnonda Tawil and rbrahim Kara'in, was cfosed because it was financed by the plo. rbrahim Kara,in denied the allegation and said he lras sure that the real the desire to suppress news on r.rhat was happening in the reason for the cr.osure was territories, and !o reave journalists with one version only, that ottine tpE spokesrnan. (Ha,aretz, Jerusalen post. 31 March 198g)

458' on 17 April 1988. the Eaat Jerusalem weekly Al-Awaah the-Interior Ministry that it was considering a withdrawalreceived a warning from of the magazine,s publication ricence. A retter sent to tbrahirn Kara'in, the publisher and co-owne!,

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Iawi], of the Patesthe Press Service, rthich was closed donn for six rnoath oa 30 March 1988, saitl that matrial received by the Milistry indicated that the weekly magazine was supported anat atirected by a terrorist organization and served its goals. It ordered the Publishers to present their argunents against closure by I May 1988. Ou 2 May 1988, the Interior Miristry closed AI-Awdah. The Arab Journalists' Associatiot in the territories chargett in a statemeut that the closure rdas "designed to stifle the Palestiuia! voice and inPos a black-out on events in tb6 occupied territories". (Jerusalem Post, 18 April 1988t Ha'aretz, sith
Ralzrnotrdta

3 May

1988

)

459. On 5 May 1988, Elias zaaaniri, ole of the etlitors of At-Attlah rnaqazine, was arrested for 48 hours by the Jerusalen Police on suspicion of orgauiziag a demonstration in East ilerusalem on 7 Jaauary 1988. (.Ierusalen Post, 6 May 1988) 460. On U May 1988, three editors f,rom the Al-Fajr newsPaPer and olr from the banned AL-Awdah rnagazine r.ere arrested and Put ia admittistrative detention. They were Tafal Abu-Afifeh, Riad. Jubran, Musa itaradat asd Itassan Abett Rabo. (Ha'aretz,
Jrusalem Post, LZ May 1988)

(d)

Freedlon

of association

written inforrnation
461. on I May 1988, it was qonfirmed that Dr. zakaria el-Agha, 45, the President of the Gaza Medical Associatioa, haal been placed i! six months' adrniaistrative detentio!. (Jerusalem Post, 2 May 1988) 462. On 5 May 1988, El.ias zananiri, oae of the editor6 of Al-Awtlah magazine, $as arresteal for 48 hours by the ilerusatem poLice oa suspicion of orgalizing a demonstration in East Jerusalen on ? .Ianuary 1988. (Jerusalem Post, 6 May 1988) 463. 0D 20 May 1988r the heaat of the west Bank Trad Unions Federation, Shaber Shaab, aud a nember of the unified direction of the Red Crscent Association, Mrs. Jenan eL-Bittar, rdere arrested in Nabfus. (Ila'aretsz, 23 May 1988) 464, 0n 5 iluly 1988, Muhannad Abu-sha'aban, alePuty director of the Gaza Bar Association, iras releaseal from gaol after serving four out of six moaths of administrative detention. (Ha'aretz, 6 July 1988) 465. On 21 August 1988, it was reported that the civil aiLninistration antl the Jerusalem police on L8 August 1988 thwartedl a tneeting in East .Jerusalem of a Dett association, cal1ed the Economic DeveloPnent AssociatioD, whose aims rrere to reorganize some aSpeCtS of the West Bank economy DOt in connectioa with either Israel or Jordan. According to the report, the security authorities considered the nen associatiou to be a! ilIegal body similar to the PoPular comrnittees. (IIa'aretz, ,terusalem Post, 21 August 1988) 466. On 23 Augus t. 1988, tbe IDF ctosed the offices of three cornrnunity associahioas in Nablus, Tulkarem antl Ka1kiliya. The closure was alescribed as part of the On 26 Augnrst 1988, it was carnpaign against Popular contnittees itr the territories.

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reported that the Tulkaren-based Association of Friends medical institute that was closed for two year6 by orderof the r1l, a philanthropic .r ii.-i""ar"r. Region commander, would aPply to the ttigh Court of Justice against the closure order. The head of Che Association, Dr. Riad Shalbi, said his Association dea'! onLy with Providing rnedica.r. care to needy people in the northern west Bank and that it hatt lever-received noney frorn irlegal sources, nor had it ever been involved in activity against the public order. Security sources reported that they had evidence that the Association had been invoived in hostire subversive activity. rt was afso reported that the association closed in Nablus lras the General Federation of Trade Unions, hea.ed by Shaher Saad, who had administrative detention for four nonths. That association wasbeen held in for al.so closed trdo relaEed development, it wa6 reported that on 26 August t98g pol.ice years. In a in Jerusalem crosed down a ce[tre serving seven Palestinian proiessional East associations in Beit Hanina. the Union of Charitabie Societ.ies and the Al_Hayat press office. All three bodies were closed for one year by order of the Centrir nlgion Comnander. (Ha'aretz, 24 and 26 nugust fSe-81

(e) Freedorn of educatiou Oral evidence 467' several witnesses provided the speciar comnittee with information on problen. and restrictions affecting the right io t."uior of education in the occupied territories.
468. Mention lras nade of the deterioration of the situation course of the current academic year, which has witnessed theof education in the students' the physical mistreatnent and the breaking of boneski1ling of several or maiy others, the detention (including adrninistrative detention) of some thousand students, as vrell as a number of teachers, and the fining of stuclents, 469. Concern was expressed regarding the prolonged cfosure of alt education institutions and the tlansformation of a number of those institutions into military
cainPs !

"Eron the beginning of January 1988 a]l universities and institutions of higher education, as well as afl schoots. were c]osed by nifitary order; lrhen that nilitary order expired on g May lggg it passed one single decree which closed all the uniwersities, institutions of higher education and schoofs, including the kindergartens. No acaclemic staff or member adninistration is allowed to enter the university grounds,of the otherwise they would be brought before the courts, because the canpuses were declarecl to be ' closed mititary areas, .,, (Anonl,rnous witrress, A,/AC, 145,/RT-4gZ
)

470' several lritnesses nentioned restrictions facecl various fields. An anonlmous witness stated in this by educational institutions in connection: "Israel has tried to change the entire structure issuing orders $rhich a1low it to interfere in the veryof the universities by business and inLernaL affairs of those universities, which contravenes a_lt acadenic and democratic

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pracLice everywhere in the world. It has taken decisions which give it the right to Prevent any Professor frorn being aPPointed to a university or achieving tenure. it-has atso prevented the adninistration from accepting (Anon:mous students without the agreement of the occupation authorities.'' witness, A/AC.145/RT.482) 471. The financial constraints and taxes irnposed on educational institutions denounced in some testirnonies:
were

"Israef started imposiug taxes aud the tases have accumulated' They amounL to thousands of Jordanian dinars. enough to buy a wbole laboratory or build a whole university builtting. Israel claims to protect education but in reafity it is hinderinq education and iilposing various tneasures to curtail all In the last nonth or so, university staff mernbers educational activities. havefounditimpossibletocashthechequesissuedbytheuDiversity.what they have to do is bo travel across the bridge and corne into Arunan in order to to the staff menbers and their ca6h their cheques. That causes difficulties families." (Anonymous witness, A/AC.145/RT.484)
,,There is indeed a problem of funding frorn abroad, 'over the bridge', and If Israel discovers that a west Bank university there are other difficulties. is receiving financial assisiauce from outside, the funds would be blocked' even if it is through a EuroPean or an American bank' Thare is a danger if these circumstances continue that the universities vilI be unable to create an acadenic life vtith research, teachlng, books an'l education services for t'he Palestinians." (Anonymous witness, A/AC,145/RT'482)

472. Some testimonies aLso outlined the efforLs of the Israeli authorities to nodify the curricula in accordance with Lheir views'
may 4?3. Testimonies refating to restlictions to the right to freedom of education (two A/AC.145/RT.482 be founil in documents A/AC.145/RT.480 (an anonl.mous witness); anon)'mous witnesses), A/AC.145/RT'484 (an anonymous witness); A/AC'145/RT'484/A'ld'1 (Mr. Jihad Karashouli), A/AC.145,/RT.491-lAdal.1 (an anonl'rnous witness)i and A/AC.145/RT.494 (Mr. Jamaf Shati At-gindi).

written information
474. On 20 Septenber 1987. it was rePolted that the Central Region Conmander' Anram Mitzna, had ordered the closure for two vreeks of Lhe Islanic college in Hebron, following disturbances there on the Sabra and Shatila anniversary' (Ha'aretz, 20 September 1987 ) 475. On 16 November 1987, Lhe Council for Higher Eclucation in the territories held a press conference in East Jerusalem. in whictt it charged that the army's three-rnonLh closure of Bethlehem University foflowing a viotent demonstration constituted a coll"ective punishment and would only exacerbate student unrest' (Ha'aretz, Jerusalen Post, 17 Novenber l-987)

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UNRWA

1987' two schools in Gaza, Ehe Al-Azhar Bigh school and the vocationar rraining colrege, were ordered crosed for two weeks for.r.owing viofent denonstrations. (Jerusilen post, 23 Novenber 19g7)

476'

Orr 22 November

47'I' oa 2 Decenber 1gg7,.it was reported that graduates of west Eank universities. and in particular Bir Zeit universi.y, who'isied to work as teacters in schoor.s in East JerusaLem, were beiug turned down by the Jerusalern Mi'nistry of Education unr'ess they p.oducld a certificate municipality anal the issued by authorities attesting that they dial not have ,,nationalistic viewsi. the security According to Arab teachers in East Jerusalem, teachers were also required by the .reiusalern municipality and the Ministry of Education to report on students up in school on "critical days", such as the Balfour Declaration who ariar not show or on 29 November. parents of 6uch students were su$moned by theDay, the Land Day principafs and warned Chat any further absence of their chiLdren on such days would result in their temporary or definit.ive disrnissal from school. (Ha,aretz, Jerusalem post, 2 Decernber l98Z ) 478' on 3 December 1997, the rDF searched the premises of Bethfehem universi.ty and seized books and docrments. Tr.enty-two studenis were arrested, (Attar.ia, 3 and 10 Decenber 1987t Al-Jttihad, 4 Decernber 1987)
47g. On' 3 Decernber 19g7, it was reported thae Maj.-cen. Amram Mitzna, Central Reqion Connander, ordered the Contemporary Socia.1. coLlege in Beituniya closed for :l::._9"y" 3fotlowirxg stone-throrring in<t piotest incidenis by tocal s'tudents. (Attatia, Decenber 1987 )

480. On 20 December 198?, the Islanic ColLege in Hebron aras ordered closed for one month and alr the other schools, both eremeitary and secondary, in the west Bank rtere ordered closed for two days. Tltat measure was described by as unprecedented. (Ha'areLz, Jerusalen post, 2t Decenber 19g7) nilitary sources 481. On 20 Deqember 1987, the Israeli officer in charge of ealucation ordered alt schools of tbe West BaDk closed for tvro days, fater extended until. 27 198?. Maj.-Gen. Anram Mitzna, Central" Region Comnander, issued an -December order closing Hebron university as at 2r. December 19g7 alreging that public order was being disturbed by students. (Attal.ia, 24 Decenber 1987) 482. On 22 Decenber 1987, four colleges were ordered cfosed for one month: Abu D: i, the UNRWA training co.lleges for men and women in Rarnaflah and Shayukhi College in Beituniya. (Ha,aretz, [e_f!sife$_!_as!, z3 Decenber lg87)

483' on 1I January 1998' central Region comnander. Amran Mitzna, orderecl the Bir zeit university closed for one month. follovring reports that violent demoastrations were pLanned there, (Ila,aletz, lterusalem post, tt January lggg) 484' on 2 February 1988' schoors in the northern Bank were ordered after students rioted lrhen they opened earfier in west r,reek. Bethfehern crosed the University, the_Istamic University and the Hebron eolytechnic were also ordered closed. (Ha'aretz, Jerusalem post, 3 February 19Bg)

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485. on 4 February 1988, the Israeli authorities ordered all educational institutions in the territolies closed as at that day until further uotice. ortler affected 800 schools, including those run by UNRWA. (Attalia, 4 February 1988 ) 486. On 7 February 1988, schools were closed throughout Ehe territories' (Ha'aretz, Jerusalern Post, I February 1988) 48?. On t7 February 1988, all Arab schools in East Jerusalen rernained closed. (Ha'aretz, Jerusal"ern Post, I8 February 1988) 488. On 22 Pebruary 1988, trf,o schools were closed in Khan Yunis follorring stone-throwing incidents' (Actalia, 25 February 1988)

The

489. On 9 May 1988, it was reporteil that the civil administration had extended the orcler closing down al.l schools in the West Bank until I June 1988' Some 250'00O pupiLs !,rere affected by the closure, which would rePortedly result in a loss of the enhire acadenic year. Falestinian education sources charged that the reason for the extension of the closure order was the fact that rnany schools in the west Bank had been turned inEo army carnPs over the Past four months, but civil adninistration officials said the reason was the fear that the reopening of schools might enable "inciting factors" to turn the schools into centres of rioting and disturbances' on 17 May 1988, the civil adrninistration announced that ig would allovt a phased reopening of schools in the region, in resPonse to the decline in rioting' Universities would nevertheless rernain closed. A civil adtninistration sPokesman saitt that 203,000 pupils in 611 kindergartens and elenentary schools would 90 back to school on 23 May 1988; 69,000 PuPils in 321 junior high schools would return to c]asses on 29 May 1998, anal 36,000 pupils in 262 high schools would rturn to school the following week. The schooL year would be extended untif August' The Jerusafen nunicipality also announced that schools in the city would be reoPened after three nonths' closure. (Ha'aretz, 9-15 May 1988t Jerusaletn Post' 18 May 1988) 490. On 23 May 1988, it r*as reporteal that the Al-Khalduniya School in the centre of Nablus - one of the 30 West Bank schools that had been turned into a mititary base over the past five months - had been badly danaqed and vandalized by trooPs' ID!' sources said all the damage wouLd be repaired trefore the reoPening of the school and that the Ministry of Defence woufd bear the costs of the reparations' Each one of the schools used by the army ltould be checked by rePresentatives of the civil administration before the reopening of classes' to verify that it was in a condition fit for studies. the sources said. (Ha'aretz' 23-24 May 1988) 491. On 12 JuDe 1988, for the first time since the reopening of schools in the West Bank, the authorities ordered the closure of the Husan school in Hebron' following viofent demonstrations by pupils. (Ha'aretz, 13 June 1988) 492, On 15 June 1988, it was reported that all schools in the West Bank ltere ofdered closed for two days. The head of Lhe civil administration in the region described the move as a "Preventive closure". in view of disturbances that were forecast iu cornpliance with a call by the clandestine leadership of the uprising ( Ha ' aretz, l-5 June 1988)

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493' on 19 .tune 1988, the civil adninistration in the Gaza strip School in Bani suheila, foflorring Ai"i,_rrlurr""" by pupils, ordered ctosed che Schools were aLso ordred closed in Tubas and Ein Sultan c arnp near ,Jericho. (Jerusalern poet, Ha'aretz, 20 ,tune Iggg)
UNRWA

494' on 26 June lggg. the military authorities ordered a four-day closure of a'l secoadary schools in Nablus toltouing r.ridespread violent protests by pupils. The JerusaLem municiparirv and the Educaiion t.niiistry areciaed to cr.ose ihl nasrriaiya Municipat Hign Slhool for o1g rdeek, fotlowing a partial st.rike by the pupils, (Ha'aretz, ,Jerusalem post, 27 June lggg) 495' On 29 June 1ggg, the head of the civil administration in the west Eank said that the academic year in the region r" until the end of August to enable pupils to take the matriculation exarninations. "o,rri "*trnded (Ha,aretz, 30 June
LgBB)

496' On 12 July 198g' it was reported that some r.6,0oo university studenEs in the territories wouLd lose an entirl scrroor year oo,irrg co the extended closure of universities by the civil adninistrabionl rarr""tion institutions in the territories had been cr.osed since January rsi; .,"o 'ifrr"r recentry announced that they woutd rernaii closed the civir administration for a further month. (Ha,aretz. 12 .IuIy 1988 ) 497' on 14 Juty 1988. the civir adrninistration and Kalkiliya until lS August 19g8 _ the end closed down alt schools in Tur.karen persistent demonstrations by pupils in recentof the school year _ because of weeks. (Jerusalem post, 15 .Iuly fg8g) 498' on 7 August 19gg' it was reported that the nilitary order closing a1r the rr-igrrer eaucatiou rDF had extended by one nonth the institutions in the west Bank. The measure affected universities, colleges and teacher training col1eges, vrhich had rnilitarv order since it. t"si',',i'q or cne upiisins. (Ha,arerz, iTlJ::"ilrlv

Oral evidence 499' The special connittee heard severa.l staLement' 0n the noticeable increase of aggressiveness in settfers, behaviour tor,rards the civilian population in the occupied terri.tories. Reference was made irr-p.rar"r,r", to Lhe kiflinq and kidnapping of civilians r
"The sett.lers . .. represent authorities. They hav: free rein an invisible military ving of the occupation to adopt any aPpropriate' Even their officiar circle said measures that they deem that storage areas against the Arab citizens. nefore the rsraeri settfements are the uprising the settlers used to resolt to brutal and inhuman p.acti"es because they daily attacked the citizens without an,

krli-";;"";;";;; ;;:".iilH,i:1.:1":il.i]: l:";i::"iili";,"]i.1"":;:.:::1":.

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of Hebron, Nabfus and Bethlehem. The settfers have a rnilitia or a military group called 'The Combating vanguards'. They are very daqgerous' They train o. ricism and violence, .trd th"y are probably more fanatical thafl any Israeli circle; therefore the Israeli authoriLies want thern to be the Protectors of the settlenents' They want them to be lhe ProtecLors of security' even nore than the regular forces. Theref,ore it is enough for the authorities that the settlers carry out sone rnilitary acts. Since the uPrising - here I have some statistics - anong the Arab nartyrs now estimat'ed at 283' 23 were killed by the bullets of the settlers ilt the west Bank and in Gaza' The settlers kilL A citiaen is simply in col,d blood, as was the case of the ciLizen Al-Ma'siri' kidnapped from his Place of work, taken to a selE]ement, beaten - beaten to death in some instances - strangled or shot or they concentraee the beating on his had. There is no stoPping these settlers' Tbey stoP at nothing' and the GoverDment has no one to answer to concerning the Practices of those seLtlerg. All the sebtlers are arrned' even the children are armed and any chiLd can use the arm he is carrying. They train to face any danger that they nay have to encounter one day. An example is l'hat haPpened in Beita.'' ( Anonymous witness. A/Ac.14 s/RT.4 80 ) "The Israeli settlers also come and kidnaP the children' A week or fwo later some of the children come back, while others never return: they have been kilLeal. one of the serious Problens, in my opinion' is that the settlers have talen actual Power, actuat authority, in some villages and canps' 60 that the population is dealing with armed settlers vrho are not under military regulations but acting according to their ovtn whins' without discipline.'' (Anonl'mous witness. A/AC. 145/RT.482) Written information
500. on 19 october 1987, students of the "Shuvu Banim" yeshiva in the Muslin Quarter of JerusaLen's Old City attacked and beat Arab shoPkeePers and passersby' Three yeshiva students were arresteal and questioned by police about the incident' Following the incident Jerusafern Mayor Teddy Kollek urged Prine Minister sharnir to help remove the yeshiva fron the Muslirn Quarler, and rePlace it wittr a yeshiva "capable of behaving as a good neighbour with the residents"' on 9 Novenber 1987' it was reported that Prirne Minister Shanir had rejecEed the request by Jerusafern Mayor Teddy KoLlek' rn a letter received by Kollek it was staEed that "the Prine Minister does not deaf with removing Jews frorn the place lrhere they are settled' (Ha'arecz' eithe! in Old Jerusalen or elsewhere in the Land of Israel"' 22 october 198? and 9 November 1987; Jerusalem Post, 20 and 25 Octot'er 1987)

501. On 10 Novenber 1987. four settlers from the Gaza StriP were held for questioning foltor,ring a stone-throwing incident near Deir e1-Balah in which settlers opened fire after their cars were stoned; allegedly killing a 17-year-old pupil, Intisar eL-Atax. Settlers in Lhe Katif bfoc reacted angrify to the detention of four of their rnembers and demanded that civil guards be reintroduced to the region. They clairned stone-throwing incidents occurred daily' on 12 Novernber 1987, the Ashkelon nagistrates' court ordered that two of the susPects' Menahen Beit-Halahrni, spokesman of the Gaza District RegionaL council' and ($6'500) Avner Shinoni, secretary of the Katif council, be released on NrS 10'000

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bail. with the provision that they remained in Ashkeron and reported in that town twice daily. The other two suspects, yosef Fishheirner to the por.ice and shimor Mar-Yosef, were rer.eased on bail sithiut any conditions. security sources confirmed on 12 Novnber 19g7 that the srain girr lras found courtyard' and not near the barricades at whi;h the settrers,inside the schoo. cars.r{ere allegeany stoPped' Iter shooting was a c.rear vioration of standing orders, clear who lra6 responsible. on 4 December 1987, it was ieported but it was not that the tlistrict police was holding a settler fron the Neve_Dekalirn sett'enent, caza on suspicion of having kirlett rnbisar er-Atar. on 6 December 1982 it was reported that che settrer shirnon yifrah, 30, haat at'nitted to having fired the killed et-Atar. On 7 December 1982, it vas reported that the police shot. that had transmitted the file of the four to tie southern Region At.torney, with a recommendation that yifrah be put'ettlers on trial on a charge of maislaughter, and the other three ettlers who lrere with hin in the car on charges of assistance and failure to prevent the offence. on 13 Decembe r rg87, it was reported that yifrah had been charged, at the Beersheba district court, with act.ing with crirninal negligence when he opened fire on the courtyard of el-Balah, killing Intisar el-At.ar. On 17 Decernber the girls, school in Deir 19g7, Justice Efrain Laron of the Beersheba district court ordered that yifrah should be released on bail of NIS 30,000 (S2O.OOO), and tbat he shou'd stay in Arad (near Beersheba) and avoid any contact with the settr.er population of the Katif bloc. The southern Regio! Attorney announced that it would fodge an appear.office of the Court against the decision, (Ha,aretz. Jerusalem post. 11, 12, with the suprerfle 13 and 18 November 198?; Ha'aretz, 4, 6,7. 13 and 1g Decenber 1gg7i Jerusalen post, 6,
13 antl 16 Decenber 1982, 502. On 26 November 198?, the Southern Region Attorney, yaacov Krosser, ordered the authorities to ctose the inquiry fire against three settr.ers from the Katif bloc who' on 21 April 1987, abductett and detJined an Arab boy, The incident occurred after-their car yras pelted lrith stones near the Bureij refugee canp, They noticed oDe of the stone-throuers, Raid al-Manri, chased after him to his home and forced him to accornpany them to a police station. The boy's grandfather later cornprained to the poLice that the boy had bee4 beaten. (Ila.aretz, 27 Novetnber 1987) 503',on 11 January 19gB' tt{o palestinians were shot received earlier. Rabah Hussein Mahrnoud Ghanem. 17,dead and a third died of wounds r^,as shot sett].ers trhose car was stopped at a barricade in the village dead by two Israeli of Beitin, near Ramallah. The settlers, frorn the nearby Ofra settlenent.. were narned as Pinhas wallerstein, the head of the Binlanin Regional councir and a cush Emunim mernber, and Shai Ben Yosef, a regional security officer. After the incident they were questioned by police and were rater refeaiecr on bair.. on 16 May 1988. it vras rePorted that the farnily,of Rabah Ghanem hacr petitione. denanding that Pinhas walrerstein be tried foi murcier the High co,rit or Justice. and the victin's brother. The fanily aLso demanded thaL the causing serious iajury to released to them. According to the petitioD, submitted resuLts of the autopsy be Felicia Langer, walr.erstein fired at the two youchs fromby the fanily,s .tawyer After hitting Rabah waflerstein aid not try ti give hin a distan"a or zo metres. first aid. told Lhe police after the incident that he acced in self-defence, warrerstei.! after stones were thrown at him, He was detaiueal, but lras released the sarne evening, following intervention by prime Minister shanir. oa rr l,lay r9BB. it was reported that

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Attorney GeneraL Yosef Harish had tlecideil to sulunon Wallerstein for qu6tionin9, (Ha'aretz, before he atecitled whether the settl.er should be Put on trial. .terusalen Post, 12 January 1988i Ha'aretE, 16 and 31 May 1988)
5O4. On 13 January 1988, the Tel Aviv District court Passed a si8-nonth suspended sentence on Ephrairn Segal from the Eilon-Moreh settlement for his role in a shooting incident that occurred on 26 ,July 1987 in Nablus, in which a local rdonan was kitl-ed and another was injured. The incident occurred during a stone-throwing demonstration during which segal ,s car was atEacked. Juttge uri strausman said iE was clear that Segal had not fired in the air, but the court bore in mind the fact that he was acting unaler Pressure in an attemPt to extricate hinself atrtl his farnily from dauger. (Ila'aretz. Jerusalem Post' 14 January 1988)

505. on 14 .Ianuary 1988, a grouP of settlers raided the vi11a9e of (issan' Bethlehen, and tried Eo seize the cabtle, settlers used live amnunition when the villagers showed resistance, killing Aluned Ati Alabiyat, 45, and injuring tris brother. (A1-Ittiltad, L5 January 1988) 506. on 2 February 1988, settlers raided Al-Aza, Aida and Dheisheh camps' firing bullets and causing serious damage to residents' ProPerty' Security forcea and nilitary of,ficers reporteally participated aturing the settlers', assaults. (Attalia, 4 February 1988 ) 507. On 4 February 1988, Kiryat-Arba and Hebron setclers started oPerating patrols on the Je rusaLen-Ki ryat-Arba road. According to a settlers' sPoftesman' shouLd the vehicles be stoned the settters woufd act in the franework of the self-defence rules. The Central Region Connander Amran Mitzna said chat the IDF wac the sole body responsible for Becurity in the areai but if the settlers' objective was merely to denonstrate a sense of security then he hatt nothing against it' ( lla ' aretz, 5 February 1988) 508, Ou 6 February 1988, Kiryat-Arba sectlers. inctuding members of the Kach novernent, 6et uP a new committee of action to act against Arab inhabitants of the area. (Ila'aretE. ? February 1988)

50g. It vras reported that on 7 February 1988, Jewish settlers kidnapPed five young girls of Khufa Bent AL-Auur school in El-Bireh. They were released the sane day after having been beacen. Three residents were also kidnaPPed and beaten by settlels in siltdad, triggering serious clashes. (Attalia' !-t February 1988)
510. On 8 february 1988. settlers helPed IDF troops in raiding houses and assaulting focal residents in Kalkiliya- They also attacked the villages of Nafr Malik, Ein Yabrud and Silatad where they fired at residents, injuring three persons. Tero other residents were detainetl by then ' (Atta1ia, 11 February 1988) 511. on 9 February 1988, Itzak Rabin promiseal Kiryat-Arba settlers Eo increase IDF troops on Je rus alem-Eebron road. Israeli settlers carrie'l out works' under the protection of border guards, on land that belongs to residents of llusan and Nahalin near Bitar settlernent. The case of the land in question is still pending before the courts. (Atta1ia, 11 February 1988)

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512' on 28 February 1988, a settler frorn Neveh rauf shot and kilteal two youths near Che village of Abud. They were named as Ibrahirn al Barguti, 22, arfi Raid Mabmud al-Barguti, 17. The settrer was detained for questioning, (Ha,aretz,
29 February
Danny
1988
)

513' on 1 March 1988, it was reported that. an rsraeli student from Jerusar.en, (irtchuk' had lritnessed an incident that. occurred on 26 February 1gg8, in which several settlers fron Hornesh attacked irre following a stone-thro$ing incident. rne s.ili"." virrage of Burka, near Jenin, $ere acconpauied by soldiers, some of them reservists from the same settlement of Homesh. Together they entered Burka. armed with assault rifles and around the virfage' MK Anira sartani ",rb_rna"t irre_guns, and fired bursts in and ."pora.Jiy asked Defence Minister Rabin to innediate inquiry into rhe ."po.-t, No casuatties ?l:T "t_ ,... i"pori.a. (Ha'areCz, 1 March 1998)
514' on lo March 1988. it was reported organized acts of venqeance by settlers that Defence Mini.ster Rabin described the from villagers from Haris. two days earlier, as ,,aAriel against Arab passers_by and very ag'ravate the problen". The settlers reportedry serious developnent that wil,l went to the nain road, br.ocked it, stopped Arab cars, beat their passengers and set fire to the cars. They subsequently conducted "stone-lhrowi"g u"tti."with Kifl Harith. The Ariel.settlers were also operating vilragers of Haris and an armed patrol, which consisted of vehicles with armed settlers aili -.".o.p"rried traveffing on the Trans-Sanaria road, The IDF reportedly settlers, cars did not prevent the operation of the settLers, pat.rols. (Ha,aretz, tO March tggS) 515. On 11 March 1988, ib was reported that set.tlers had thrown stones at Arab rioters in Hebron and fired bursis ot .."iirr.Iirr" ,..". According to Arab sources six quarters of Hebron were attacked by settleis on the night of g March 1988. The 'ettlers allegedry damaged cars and riiea ac homes before bursting inside, smashing windows and vandarizing furniture. (Jerusarern posE, 11 March
r-9gg)

l,1l:_oi_t].1"rch 198, yeshiva srudents in the old evJct an er'derly Arab woman fron her room i4 the Ciry of Jerusaren arrernpred ro a court order. but they tried to appty it on theirMuslin Quarter. The students had oo,n. Jithout ooiiiyirrq tn, police' Their ac.ion sDarted orr oLd.wonan's belongings iact in the"-.iot, "na-fori"" quickry intervened anal put the room. i+oman was Rafikah Salarniyeh, The students belonged Thethe ,,At.eretnameat as to Layoshna,, yeshiva. (Jerusalem post, Z8 March 1988)
517. On 11 April 198g. it was reported that settlers Deir el-Hatab and Bulin, Dear Eilo!-Moreh. forlowing attaclecl two villages, the incident in which a group of settlers lrere attacked in Beita. tU_,.r"i",-rr Apri.f
1qs8)

518. On 5 May 1998, Jodeh Muhtsmmad Alrad, 2g, and kifled by a settler from shilo, Israe.l a shepherd from Turmus Aya, was shot ze,ev. The circunstances of the incident were not clear. The settlers alleged that other shepherds' hat thrown stones at the settlers, Awad, together with several but Arab sources denied Ehis an" settlers opened fire withour any provocation. The :1:_":,19" incident occurred near shilo' Another arab shepherd orar iniu.lal on I May r9gg, nore details qere

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published on the incident. on I May 1988, the police tnaintainetl in the Jerusalem rnagistrates court that Shilo settler fsrael ze'ev bad shot the shepherd Awad because of a land dispute and not because the shePherd attacked him. The Police said th6re was no evidence that there was provocation on the shePherd's Part. and that ze'ev was suspected of rnurder and attempted murder. The court remanded ze'ev for a further 10 days. (Ha'artz, 6 and I May 1988, Jerusalem Post, 6 and
17 May 1988)

519, on 10 May 1988, the Chief of Staff, Maj.-Gen. Dan Shomron' addressd the Knesset Foreign Affairs and Defence Cotrurittee. Referring to relatioas between settlers and Arabs in the territories he said that prevailing tension in the sfest, Bank was due partly to acts by the Jettish settlers. "Vfhen sEones are throrn (at settlers), but thGre is no danger to life, (the seetlers) shoul<l rePort to the army and the arrny will deal with the case", he said. Referring to ttre iDcident in the 'illage of Beita (in which a settler girl antl tno Arabs were hiJ.letl) he said: "The bodies itrvest.igating and judging .tews function at a slower pace thau those dealing with Arabs, but despite this ditference the law will be observed and sone of bhe settlers rnetrtiored in the reporE on the Beita incident will have to stand crial", at leasc with regard to the co-ordination of ttleir excursion (wich the arrny). we have an interest that just.ice should be done, and see[, regarding both Jen6 and Arabs". ( Ue5rjy, 11 May 1988) 520. On 19 May 1988, it t'aa reported that MK Dedi Zucker had subhitted to Police Minister Haim Bar-Lev a List. of 13 Arabs from the territories believed to have been killeif by settlers. In all those cases the IDF maintained that Che death had not been caused by troops. MK Zucker asked ttre Minister to reporC on the etate of the investigation into those case6, and whac the police hatt reconunended to the state Attorney'3 office with regard to each of then. the cases were the follolting! Tabat Hawihi, 1?, frorn Beit-Hanun, kitled on t5 February 1988t Tukan Misbah, 32, frofi Bak'iya catnp, killeat on lo January 1988, Ghanem Haneal, 17, from Beitin, killed on 11 ,tanuary 1988; Abdul Basat. Jum'a, 27, from Kaddun, klllett on 7 February 1988, Kamal Darwish, 23, from Deir Anar, killed on 21 February 1988, Radata Najib Hassa4, 13, from Bak'a sharkiya, killetl on 27 february 1988; Rahed Barguti, 17, and Ahed Barguti, 12. from Abud. killed on 2? February 1988; ltamed Muhamnad Hanitla, 41, from Mazra'a Sharkiya. killed on I March 1988, Nujah Hassan llizag, 18, fron Turmus Aya. killed on 9 March 1988i Musa Sa1ah Musa, 20. and Hatem Ahmed el-Jaber, 19, both from Bita, killed on 6 April 1988t and Abdallah Awad, 28, fron Turmus Aya, kilted on 4 May 1988. (Ma'ariv, L9 May 1988) 521. On 29 May 1988, it was reported that the Ministry of Justice, the defence establishment and the Pol.ice Investigations Department had set up a joint team to look into conplaints by Arab residents of the territories against .tewish settlers. Most of the conplaints. filed through the Red Cross or the cornPlainants' lawyers' concerned alleged violent acts lty settlers that baal not been duly investigated by the police, owing to a shortage of investigalors' The nwnber of such comPlaints had reportedly increased sirrce the beginning of the uPrising in the territories.
(

Ila

'

aretz,

29 May 1988)

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522. On 2 .Iune 1988, it was reported that the investigating the circumstances of au incident Jualea district police were allegedly beaten Arabs of the Sanuh fanily, whoin which Rabbi Moshe Levinger had Hebron. (Ha,aretz, Jerusalen posE, z .iunl lgag) live near the Hadassa house in 523' on 3 June 198S' a group of rsraeli civilians ber.ieved to be settlers entered the virlage of shuyukh. provoled vilr.agers, beat sone of, then and opened fire at houses, Mustafa Aluned el-Halaika, 20, shot in wounds. A ls-year-old boy rr,as injured wasthe arm, the chest anal (lieal of his in and boy and a man aged 42, were hospitalized in Hebron with two others, a ls-year_old broken limbs. The rDI. announced that its forces were not ilvolved in the incideut, According to oDe report' Kach movement rnembers privately a&nitted to acted in retaliation to the killing in Jerusalem of being responsible. saying they a ye.hiva student, several days earlier. (Ha'aretz, Ma,ariv, 5 June Lsgg)
young armed set.tlers arrived aC Si,ir, near Hebron. the rnosque, builts on the traditional, 6ibe of Esau,s and villagers they vanted to live near the mosque and asked for rent. youth, Frorn Si,ir the settlers went Th-ey then opened fire, wounding a local to Lhe nearby broke windows and doors in three houses and aitact"avillage of Shuyukh, where they and beat Nai,n Kharaika, 46, and his

524. On 3 June 1988, five asked for the location of grave' The settrers told whether there was a house

wife. On their 20, who was srazins J.";.L::;":*d:.::::i.:3.xll"'ll!; t;:':::.**'"'u". jeePs' According to one press report, Kach movement nenbers were responsibre for the acts, but a spokesman for the novernent denied that report. (Jerusalem post, 6 June 1988 )

l::ii#

525. On 5 .Iune 1988, it was reported lhat Kiryat-Arba (the former ,,porcelain Hilf,'), settlers from Ramat_Marnre. near had severeLy beaten an Israeli, shmuel cohen, after rnistaking him for an Arab, In another developrnent, it !r;s reported that twoThe man needed medical treatment. settLers had been caught by IDF officers destroying wheat sacks betonging to Arabs in the Mas,ha region, The two were handed over to rhe porice, which opJned a fire against cheft and started an inquiry. (Ha,aretz, .Ierusalen post, 6 iune 198e)
526. On 10 June 19e0, it was reported that the Attorney_Gene ral, yosef Harish, decided to set up a team to- loot into complaints by Arab residents against rsraeri civilians suspected of comrnitting ortencel in the territories. The team would be headed by a representative of the Atto rney-Gene ral , Representatives of the rDr. and the police would also take part in the telm. i"u,.rua", 10 June 1988) 527. O\ 24 June 1988, two incidents involving settlers settler's car was stoned and its occupants oiened fire vrere reported. In NabLus a at stone-throwers. Troops arrived on the scene and dispersed thi crowd with tear gas and rubber buL]ets. According to Arab soulces 13 pelsons were hospitalizedrn Hebron a settr.er r.ivi.ng in the Hason house in the town was seabbed in the shoulder, The settLer. Yona Cheikin' a rnember of the Kach movement. hirn and injured him. The assailant lras namedchased after his assailant, shot at as el_Majid Sharar,rna. He was later discovered in hospital . (Ha,aretz, jr.o""ra,Abdpo"t. 26 June 19gB)

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Treatment of detainees

oral evidence
528, In the course of its hearings the Special CorunitLee heard extensive evidence on the treatment of detainees and harsh conditions of detention in the occuPied It was pointed out that the exceptional situation created by the territories. uprising of the Palestinian population against occupation had resulted in an unprecedented increase in the nunber of detainees. which in turn had fed to the opening of new detention centres anal to the worsening of already critical conditions of detention,
529. Most testimonies denounced the physical and Psychological ill-treatment that prisoners were confronted with. It. was stressed that detainees were usualLy subjected to the worst conditions aluring the investigation Procedure. The frequent transfers from one detention Centre to another and the Physical hardshiPs eudured during such transfers wsre afso referretl to by several witnesses, Meution was natle of various forns of torture, beatinqs, psychoLogical stress aud humiliation, sexual assaults, lack of sleep, gas spraying, solitary confinenent, and so on, suffered by the prisoners. The overcrowding and exiguity of ce]ls, the lack of sanitary facilities and adequate health services, the malnutrition and inadequate cloLhing were also referred to in the course of the hearings, as weLL as the denial of the right to receive visits and culturaf and inforrnation materiaf. and restrictions to visits by Red cross repre senEatives . 530. One particuLar asPecc mentioned by a number of witnesses r,{as the Problem of detained children. Mention was made of the detention of very young chiLdren, sometimes only 11 or 12 years oId. The overcroitding of prisoas where ninors were he1d, and the beating and sexual barassmenl of ninor detainees were denounced. Ref,erence was also made to the mistreatnent of women Prisoners.

531. The testimonies al.so rferreal to the practice of repeatedly tletaining the same persons, turning them into "special cases" spending most of their life in Prison, as well as that of arbitrarily detaining several rnernbers of the sane fanilY. 532. It was pointed out that such conditions of detentior often gave rise to hunger strikes aimed at the amelioration of the treatmetrt of prisoners.
533. Testimonies relating to the treatment of debainees nay be found in docrrmenta A/AC,145lRT.482 (an anonyrnous witness)i A/AC.145./RT.483 (an anonyrnous vitness)i A/AC.145/RT.483/Add.1 (Mr. Moharnrned Lutfi), A/AC,L45/RI.485 (Mr. Zuhdi Sa'id)t A/Ac.145/RT.48? (Mr. walid Malunouat); A/Ac-14s/RT'488 (Mr' Bashir Ahred E1-Khairi); A/AC.145/RT.491/Add.1 (an auonymous witness); A/Ac.145/RT.492 (an anonymous wibness), A/Ac.145/RT.494 (Mr. Fureij Ahnad Khalil Khairi, Mr' Abed Al-Nasser Mohaned Abel Aziz and Mr' Aturatl Kharid Al-Dik) t A/Ac'145/RT'495 (Mr. Abtte 1 Bashir l'{atunud Nafa Haflad and Mr. Ghassan Ali Aref Al-Masri); and A/AC.145/RT.496 (Mr. Jibril Mahmud A1-Riioub).

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Written inforrnation
534. During the period covered by the present reporL, the Special Comnittee received a nunber of conmunications from various sources concerning the situation of prisoners, and stressing the worsening of the treatnent of deeainees as a consequence of the arrest of thousands of palestinians since the beginning of the uPrising' rn a communication transmittetl by the palestine r,iberatiJn organization, reference was nade to the ope'ing in March iggg, of a ney, detention camp Ansar 3 (Ketziot), in the Negev desert in rsraef itserf, in vioLation of ca.l.led re]evant provisions of the Fourth Geneva convention. rc was asserceal in that conununication that 3,000 Palestinian adninistrative detainees were held in that camp under harsh conditions. Another cornnunication transmitted to the speciat cimrnitteevery Mrs, Lea Tsernel., advocate, encl,osed a petition signeat by detainees from Ansar by 3 calling for the irnnediate closure of that camp. A copy of that petition is reproduced in annex II of the present report. 535. On 9 September 198?. a press conference was held in East researchers from the United States of Anerica, Karneel Nasr and.rerusalem by tvo his wife Dina Lawrence, Ab the press confereDce three youths from Lhe Dheisheh refugee camP, ttho had been held in the Far'a detention camp, 'that Place. They charged that they had been severelydescribed their treatment in beate! for by their wrists, hooded, and nade to stand fo! days with their arms hours, bungThe extended. youths, named as Adran Shehadeh, 15, Riad farraj, 15, and Wahil Tawfik. 16, had been taken to Far'a for questioning about stone_throwing at soldiers. They sentenced to prisotx terns of three to eight months after signing confessionswere and were recentLy released. ?he youths said they had been pressured several times by their interrogators to become informers. At the press conference that the accounls revealed a pattern of ,'pervasive and systenatic Karnee] Nasr said torture,, Far'a, and "a planned policy of abuse against palestinian children,,by the at IDf. rnilitary source reacted by affirning ttrit there was a strict prohibition against A violent nethods of interrogation. Every conpLaint received had bee! checked and investigated and every future compraint wourl be inmediatery examined. He aalaled that there had been cases in which security personnef had beea prosecuted for abusitxg prisoners. (Ha'aretz, .lerusatern posl, 10 septenber 19g7) 536. On 30 Septenber 1987, it was reported that the parents of Ar"rad salam Marunoud Handan' 23, haat appliear to the High saying their son died while being interrog"l-a ly the Securieycourt of Justice son vras thae Services. The atreseed in the end of .tuly 19g7. fwo aays laeer the Red Cross infor$ed the that Awad had died of a heart attack in an rsraeli hospital. The body, lrhich fanily was Laken to the foreusic medicine institute in Tel Aviv, allegedly bore iarks of violence. A post morten report apparently disappeared, and these ti,o e.lement.s led the fa$i1y to believe that Awad had died while being interrogated by the security Services. On 11 Novernbe t I9g7, Abtorney_Gene raf yosef Harish ordeled an investigation into the death of Awad Abdel salen Matinoud Hamdan. followed a report that three General Security Service (cSS) agentsThe decision invoLved in Harndan's interrogation had been suspended by the head or the Gss two weeks earlier, on suspicion of lying about the circurnstances of HandaD,s death. authorities inforned the International Red cross that Handan died At the time the of a heart attack. On 15 Novenber 1987, it as reported that the Investigation Department. of

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the pol.lce nouLd set up a special team to investigate the circunstatrces of Eamalan's death and the allogations that the three GSS agsnts ilrvolved in bis irterrogation hatl lied to tbelr superiors. Or 19 February 1988, lt was reportd that Attorney-General Yos6f Harish hatl decided that a CSS iaterrogator rould face criminat charges and tyo others routd be put or ttieclplinary trial following an inquiry into the circumslancea of the death of Alfaal llantlan, 23, fton the village of Ruman lear Tulkarern. Ihe Attorney-Geaeral ruled that the GSS interrogator rtas suspected of causing Eamdan's daath as a rsu1t of legligence alal the ttto ottrer interrogators trould be charged rith givlng a falae report to ti:eir superiors on Hamdan's interrogation and circunstances of death. Otr 24 February 1988, the High Court of Justlce Lssued an order nisi at the reguest of Adv. I'elicia Langer, representing the Handan fanily, orderilg the Defence Minister to shott cause within 15 days why he woulal not hand over to the farnily the post mortem certificate made at the foretrsic irstitute following Eantlan's death. It was reportetl that the security authorities had refused to hand over to the family ary rnaterial concerning the inquiry into the circunstances of death, for fear of revealing the Gss methoals of interrogation. 0n 10 March 1988, the State Attorney tolal the High Court of Justice that an autopsy on Awaal llamdan showed that his deattr r'as a result. of negligence, not violelce. The State asked to withhold the atetaileat fitrdings frorn the tleaal man's farnily, which hadl petitioneal to eee thetn. The State coutetrded that these firdiags should be preseated olly durilg the trial of Hamdaa's security Service interrogator, rho lras to be tried behiad closed doors for crininal negligence. (Ma'ariv, 30 Septeslber 1987i IIa'aretz, .Ierusalem Post, 12, 13 antl 15 Novernber 1987 anat 11 March 1988, Ha'aretz, 19-25 February 1988)
537. Or 1 Novetnber 1987, the fintlings of the Judicial Comnission of Inquiry into the itrterrogation methods of the GSS were maale public. The Conunission was headed by fortner Supreme Court president Moshe Laldau, It conclualed, inter al.l.a, that the GSS, as a matter of policy. had been connitting perjury in proceedings related to the aalnissibility of confessions since 1971, i! ord.er to conceal its iuterrogation methodg and eugure that the accused were colvicted. the Conmissiou nevertheless concluded that the use of harsh irterrogation nethods and the conrmission of perjury were rot meant to convict innocent peoPle. ?be Commission agred that 'litnited arld clearfy delineated psychologicat ard physical pressures may legitimately be exertsed ia the interrogatioD of persons suapected of terrorism". The Connission recommended that no criminaL action be taken against GSS agents who conunitted perjury or enpLoyed iltegal ilterrogatiotr nethods in the Period Prior to the publicatioa of its report. (.Ierusalen Post, 1 and 3 Novenber 1987)

military affairs reporters that he was troubled by tho situation at the Far'a prison alrd that, for that reason, the comrnaader of the Priso!, as t'611 as almost the entire staff, hatt been repLaced. The tatter were rePlaced by military policernen, lrho $ere more competeat to deal triEh the detailees. furthermore, detentioD in Far'a of children under 14 would in fuEure necessitate a sPecial authorization by the legal adviser for the ,Judea and Sarnaria Region. (Ea'aretz, Ma'ariv, 3 Novernber 1987 )

538, Otr 2 November 198?, the Central Region Cornnander, Maj.-Gen.

Arnram

Mitzna tolal

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539. O! 2 Novenber 198?, the SoutherD Region nilitary court senteuced five soldiers to Prison terms, susPeDded terms and dernotio! for ill-treatment of detainees in the Atsar 2 facility in the caza Strip, Accordirg to the charge sheet, the five soldiers, includitrg the cornmander of the r.ocat Miritary poilce, lrith the rank of lieutenant, had beate. an<t kicked. chitdrer agett L2 to 14 fron Gaza wbo were detained fottowing disorders. (Ha.aretu, 3 Novenber 1987) 540, Oa 24 Novenber 199?, Defeace Minister Rabin, aaswerilg parlianentary questiors, said he had ordered a militarl, inguiry ilto all prison, follotfing the Gover nent's aatoption of tbe Landau rep-rt onof the Far,a ""p".ts the Gss. Ire aalded that the probe wourd iacrude investigatl.ve methods used Ln the facility aad rrould ensure that the rconmeadatiors o! proper interrogation nethods tnaale by the Landau Corrurission were inplamented. (.terusalem post, 25 November 19g?) 54L. On 9 Decenber 1987, it was reported that a palestiuian security prisoner, walid Abttel Aziz Jarat, flho was arrested o! 2l October 19g? antt accused of membership of the Fatah white liviag iu Europe itr 1981, chargsd in an affidavit that four Gss agents haar tortured hin and that h6 coafessed to the charges brought against hin utder duress. Th affittavit vas sent, witb a cotnplaint, to Defence Minister Rabin and the rDF ,rudge Advocate-General in the west Bauk by Jarar,s attorney, Felicia Langer. ra her complaint Attv. Larger said .tarar hid been denied aqcess to a lawyer aturing the iaterrogatio!. Sh said prisoaers, rights rrere violated systenatical.ty at the Jeriia gaol. (Jerusalern post, 9 Decernber 19gZ) 542. On 9 Decenber 198?, it was reporEed that the Southern Region military court had sentenced sergeant David Nissinia! to four months' lmprisoomert for serious ill-treatmeat of detainees at the Ausar 2 camp. The court also demoted Nissimian to the ra!* of private. Th def,endant had been charged with dozers of counts of ilt-treating detainees, incruttirg beating, slappiag and kicking cbained dtainees who rtere made to sta'"ar outside o! a cold wintei day, wearing onry underrear. Five other soldiers i.ho had be," put ou triar. witb the dEfendant had been eentnced to prisoD terms six reeks earlier. (Ha.aretz, 9 Dcefibr 19g?) 543. 0n 28 Decernber 198?, it was reported that a group of J.awyers who rgularl.y before the military courts in the territories told Jp"e"" conference of their frustratioa at uhat they described as their Lach of capa.ity to atefenat the hundreds of detainees held in the recent vave of arrests. Attorney Muhanmad sha'ba! of Gaza described cbe situation in Ansar 2, which he saiat was very !ud. He affirrned havilg see! in th6 deEention carnp injureal, bleeditrg detainees. Conditions rrre abhorrentt food iras inadequate aaal insufficient. Attorney Felicia Langer said chat detainees in Gazi were being cteprived of medicar. care and ltere deuieal basic rights. There irere atso allegations oi overcrolrdiag ia tents, owing to Lack of space in regular prisons, aad of beat.iug and hurniliaiion of detainees. Mrs' Langer said she had three clients who had been held itrconmunicado for L0 days. (Ha,aretz, ,Jerusalem post, 28 Decenber 1987)
aPPeared

544' 0[ 29 Decenber 1987, attorney Felicia Latrger said at the Hebrotr military court that PaLestinians were beiug kept in tffetched co'ditio[s aad were subjected to harassment, humiliaEion and beatings at the uearby Dhahiriya prison carnp. According to stroru statemelts made to her, detainees in *rL camps ,"e.e suffering

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from Lack of food, overcrowdiDg and a lack of sanitary or wasbing facllities' Prisoners where coastaatly harasseat and cursed atd occasionalLy beate!. A military source reactett to the allegations by sayiug that att the dtairees in the catnP were housd in permarent buil<lings a[d were uot exposed to the elements. They had the same couditiots as IDF me[ iscarcerated for various r6asons. SPecial care haal been take! to instiL in the guards ttre realization that it rtas "absolutely trecessary" to nailtain th bumatr iligaity of the Prisoners, ha said. (ilerusaletn Post,
30 December
198? )

545. Otr 30 December L98?, Defeace Miaister Rabin visited the Dhabiriya Prison canp. After speating to nilitary officials, medical officers and Prisolers thetnsslves, he 6aid! "The conditions are accePtable". It rtas also rePorted that Gaza Strip lawyers renened their pleas to nilitary authorities to itnProve coaditions in Atrsar 2, shere some 800 detaLlees were suffering from severe overcrowdirg and coltl. (Jerusalem Post, 31 Decnber 1987) 546. On 6 Jauuary 1988, it was reported that attorney Mazan al-Kubti of the AI-Haj Iegal fouDdation allegit at a press conference l! East ,Jerusalem thae tbe soD of the forner Mayor of Hebro!, Fahed Kartasmeh, Moartiya Kawasneh, 17, aatt his cousiu Osana Fayez Kawasmeh, also 1?, had b6n tortured with electric shocks i! the legs and toes at the Far,a prisot after being arrested at their homes otr Decernber 1987 for attegeatl? taking part in high school denonstrations. Atlv. a1-Kubti I'oalged a formal conplaint with the Dsfeace Milister anal the Legal Adviser for the west Bank rnilitary government. Senior military sources said the comPlailt rras being investigated. In another alevslopment it was reportetl that s6ven 9lest Bank resialents detaired i! the fulkarem gaol hatl apPlied to the High Court of *Iustice against alleged torture by iaterrogators and agaiast itrhumatr detentio! conditious. The applicatio! was fiLed through Adv. Felicia Langer. (Ha'aretz, 6 ,tanuary 1988, Jerusalem Post, 7 ilaauary 1988) 54?. on 18 January 1988, it was reporteal that the East ,Jerusalem journalist Muhaanad zheikh, night ettitor in Al-Fair, ll|ho was detained for iuterrogation the previous rdeek, atteged in a cornplaint slt to the Police InsPector-General, through his lardyer, Adv. relicia Langer, that border guards had beaten hin severery rthile he was handcuffed aud hi6 eyes covered. The guards also cursed aad huniliated him. The Jerusalem police corunalder saitl the comPlaiut would be investigated. (Ha'aretz, 18 Jauuary 1988) 548. on 30 March 1988, it was reported that the IDr bad recently set uP a new detention facility, close to Ketziot in the Negev desert, rthr6 some 1,000 of the 3,OOO residents of the territories arrested since the beginning of the uprising were bei[g helil, including many in administrativ detention. Detainees were held i! large tents, similar to the ones used by the IDF in the Aasar carnp in LebanoD. As a simil,ar tent camp near Gaza rtas known as Absar 2, the Dew facility was nicknaned ,.Ansar 3,'. A security source said that conditions in the new facility, tike all other facilities where Arabs from the territories were held, were according to the normal staadards in practice in the IDF. ICRC rePresentatives could come and visit it any time they wished, he said. (Ha'aretz, 30 March 1988)

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549' oa 5 April 1988, it tras reported that a deregatio! of the Ratnallah-based ,'Lat., i[ the service of Man" organizatl.on (know! as Ar-Haq) haal visiteit the rtefl detention facility near Ketziot. Follotri[g the visit mernbers of the delegatioq atleged detailees ttere beiag held in unsanitary cotdl.tions witlr inattequate water, anil that that one detairee, Gaza lawyer Radi Souratri, conplaiued of '.harsh and inhunan conditions". Despite the deserE heat, trate; was supplied onry severar times a day, an open seHer raa through the carnp, food xas i[adeguate, only ote open shower sorved 125 detaitrees and detainees were lot arroweit to receive visiis by fanilies or lanryers. rDF sources denied claims of water shortage in the their facirity. (Ea'aretz, alerusalem post, 5 April 19Bg)
550. On 15 April 1988, it rras reported that a comnittee of three investigatiug, on behalf of rrNrcEF, detention colarltions of Arab ninors arrested by security forces since the beginaiag of the uprising in th6 territories, fountt tbat the ninors, aged 12-18, were being held iu very harsh conditioas ard "atrocious overcrowding.,. The menbers of tbe comrnittee, former Supreme Court Justice Moshe Etzioni, former Labour and social Affairs Ministry official Dr. Merahern Herolritz ard Dr. Lesrie saba of the Hebrew university, visited a deteDtion camp iu Dhahiriya, irhere they Ea, 35 youug detainees iD a hut 10 x 6 metres. They arso visited the camp of Far.a and the military prisous in Gaza and a.ttit. rhe conunittee members cornpJ.ained about Procdures of iaformiug detai!6es, families about their sons' detentiou. some of the detainees sai(t their faniries had not been notifieal of their detention. The committee ttid not witness caaes of itl-treatmeac or torture. cornnittee members tlitl not see detairees duritrg the interrogation carried out by The Gererar. security the service, but some detailees complaiaed oi being beate! during tbe iaterrogation. (Ita'aretz, 15 April 1998) 551. On 20 Aprit 1988, it was reported that th6 IDF haaf set up new detention facility, located near Ofer base, north of ,Jerusalem, this wlsareportedry because of the Large nunber of detainees held for offences retated to the uprising. (Ea'aretz, 20 Aprif 1988) 552. On 24 April 1988, it was reported that the IDr had mottifieil regulatlons 9on99lning visits by fanilies of detainees and prisoners held in detentiotr f,acilities in the territories. such visits haat hithsrco beea hetd urder the auspices of the Red cross and there were ro restricEions on their number. under the new regurations farnily rnembers wishing to visit a rerative shourd get an autborization fron the fDF. It. was explained that the IDF ard the civil adninistration couLd thus use the visits as a toor for putrishment, preventing visits to certain detainees otr certain dates. (IIa,areEz, 24 Apri] by lggg) 553. On 26 April 1988, MK Ded.i zuc*er charged, in a letter to Defence Milister Rabitr, that the 2,200 inmates in the Ketziot detetrtion camp in ttre Negev desert ltere totally isolated fron outside neirs and from their fanilies, rauity ror records had mad it inpossible to rocate detainees ia response to queri-s by their fanilies, ald tnady prisoners r.acked proper regar. represeutation. According to the report prepared by MK zucker, prisoners conplaited of beatings o! Ehe tay to the gaol, but saitt beating6 were rare insitte the prison, (,terusaleft post,
27

April

1988)

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554. O! 28 April 1988, it was reported that 14 Arab ttetaiuees from the territories belit at the Ketziot priso! hatl petitioled the gigh court of Justice ashing to be tra[sferred forthwith to a prison in the territories. lhree more detaiaees belil in a prison it the territories petitioted the High court asking for al3 iljunction that would prevetrt thoir transfer to Ketziot prisou. The detainees, hold under aatmhistrative detentio! ordrs, argued la their PetitioD that their dete[tion in prisons itrslde Israel violated both local leqisfatlou and the Geleva Conventions' ihe admiDistrative ateteDtion orders under shich they Yre held referred specificatly to detetrtioD in a facllity located ia aa area unaler the conrnaDd of a ritit"ty connander, yhlch rras lot the caae of Ketziot prlsoa. Atlv. Felicia Langer, one of the laryers represntitrg the detainees, further argued that conditions i! Ketziot prison were extrenel.y hard, anal that Prisoners there nere suff,ering from wardens' brutatlty ard from batl hlglene, otfisg to water shortage ald inadequate medical care. (Ha'aretz, 28 April 1988) 555. Oa 2 May 1988, l.lK Deiu Zucker subnitteal to DefeBce Minister Rabin llformation he had recived from reserve soldiers who had fiuished theit servlce in the territories, conceraing the situatio! i! the aletengion facility located at the rulkarern police courtyaral, where detainees r*ere being held uatil they rrere brought before a judge. According to tbe soLdiers some 30 to 40 detainees were bel.ng trld at any giveu time in the courtyard, which flas olly 20 square metreB large' Detaines were being heltl blinttfolded atd handcuffed, aome for 24 hours, but according to th soldiers some detainees were helal in such co[ditiola for a week or even a forttight. Detain6es hadl to eat with their handls tietl in front of then. (lla'aretz, 3 May 1988 ) 556. on 10 May 1988, it was rePortett that, folloxing a visit to Prisons ilr Dhahiriya atrd the Of,er carnP, near Beituniya, MK Detli Zucker wrote to Dflce Minister Rabin describiDg the situation there. Detaitrees comPlaiaed of beatings durilg transfer to the priso!, while their hands were tiett behild tbir bachs' Ir Dhahiriya prisou overcrowtling was very serious, aud detainees wfe deaied books and lewspapers, ercept the Korar. complaints were voiced about contlitions for fanily visits. Such visits rdere authorized once a fortDight. Visitors had to stay at a distance of three netres from the detailee and this resulted i! shouts and teDse atrnosphere. (Ha'aretz, Jerusalem Post, 10 May 19BB) 55?. Otr 10 May 1988, it was reporteal that the three Israeli jourlralists of the outlawed teft-$ing newspaper Derech-Halitzotz vho wre beilg held f,or i!tserrogation charged that Palestitrian detainees were being tortured in front of them aa a rneans of pressure in order to extract statenelts from them. Laryer Felicia LaDger uas to foage a complaint with tbe Prims MiDister's office regarding that allegation'

(I{a'aretz, 10 May 1988)

558. O! 14 May 1988, military sources "apPeared to confirtn" firdings by MK Gadi ratziv, sho reporteal after a visit to the Dhahiriya gaol that a detainee had beeu held there for tlto rnonths without an arrest order, aftr his last order rrthere rtere faults in expired on 15 March 1988. According to the rnilitary sources th; detainee's fiLe", anat the artny ttas checking whether he ha'l beea gaoled unnecessarily. (Jerusaten PosE, 15 May 1988)

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559. 0n 23 May 1988, it nas reported that a 16-year-ord re'ident of was released from deteltior after proviag to a Jerusar.em magistrate had been beate[ durl'ng his dtertio[, The j uitge decrated to release bail of NIS 10,000 (approxinately $6,500), and ruled that he shoultt nedical test. (Ha'aretz, 23 May l9g8)

court that he the youth on
undergo a

East

.Jeruaar.em

560. or 25 May 1988, it *,a6 r.porteat that laryers representing persons aretaired the Dhahiriya gaol saltt detaiDees had beea or hunger strika for three day6 to in Protest cotrditiors in the prisoD. Military sources areDiear tbat informatioa. (Ha'aretz, 25 May l9B8 )

Jerusalem Post, 31 May 19gg)

561' oD 3L May 1988, it was reported that a conplar.nt by a n'nber of reservists, colcernitrg a case of ill-treattnent of detainees, had been subrnittal to the iavestigating Military police. Accorating to a reservist, ArieL stemk6r, rrom Petah-likva, a lurnber of other reservists had severely beaten Arab detailres duriag a traasfr from the rnilitary goverment hadquarters ia Hebron to th6 Dhahiriya gaol, and inunecllately upoa their arrivar. ia [ne gaol. Arr.er stenker signed his accourt of the iaciderts aDd Eubmittd it to MK Dodi zucker. Tbe latter sent it to Defenc Minlster Rabin and, at trre same time, rereased it to the press. (Ha.aretz,

562' o! 1 ilune 1988, it was reported tbat the Ramarlab-basear patestinian lruman rigtrts orgauization Ar-Haq hatt pu.blishear the text of a rtter that bad arregedry been srnuggled recentry out of the Ketziot detentio! canp, known as Ansar 3. retter, detaines ref,erred to ths canp as tbe "sro,n d6ath carnp in the Negev ru the desert". thy complaiDeat about humiliating treatment, lack of water aDd food, severe climate, a baD on books and statl,onery, aad a severe shortage of medical services to sick detaitees. (na,aretz, 1 June l9s8) 563' 0! 2 June 1988, it was reportear that the irvestigating Miritary police, which ilvestigatlng allegatioas of il.l-treabrent installation near Ramaflah by nernbers of the ',Gadna,,of detainees at the ofer that a cadet corps, concluded soldier (a private) had irdett overatepped his authority and introduced tuo cad'a youths into the ilrstallation. one or ine youths srapped an Arab detaiaee on flce' The i[vestigatioa fire was handed over to the Juttge Advocate-ceneral ,s the office' Following the ilcidert Dew regurations were issued youth corps from rDF camps where detnEion instalratioas forexcruditrg the cattna Arabs from the territories trere located. (IIa,aretz, 2 .tu!e 1988) 564' on 4.lure 1988, trro attorneys for the Associatiou for civil rsrael said that a 1s-year-olat youth, Muhanmad Naim, lrho rras apparettl.y Rigbts in frorn sufferirg neurological problens, had bee! in adniristrative deteation in ihe Ansar z canp in Gaza silce Aprir. 1988. The youth reportedly haat dizzy sperr.s and faiuted as often as three times a day. He could neither staie his atate of birth nor his address. Carnp officials reportodly showed the attorneys a docurnent sigtreal by ar physician certifying that the youth haat Ueen "fit for iDcarceration andIDF labour', at the tine of his arrest. (ilerusalen post, 5 Jun 19gB) 565. 0n 8 June 1988, it was reporteat that according to a procedure introduced at the central Region conmard, the rDF must either trarsfer any detained person to an
had been

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eEtablished dteatio! iastallatio! rrithin 48 hourE fron his dtentiolr or release The procedure xas set out ln order to avoid keeping peraons wbo rtare detaineal during disturbarces in military installat,ions tbat were lot fit for detention purposes over long periods of time. (ga'aretz, 8 .Iune 1988)

hirn.

566. ob 13 alutre 1988, atarnal Jabari A-Dik, 20, from A-Dik, was hospitalized in Tulkarem after being al]egeatly severeLy beate! by soldiers while irl custody. (Ea'aretz, 14 June 1988 ) 567. o! 21 .tune 1988, MK Ra! Cohetr selt a letter to Defelce Minister Rabia alleging that a Palestinian prisoDer, Mahnuat Yusuf zakarana, 22, }l.ad been severely beaten and tortured at th ileaiu itrterrogation centre. As a result, he allegedly becane paralysed aual dumb. zakarana was reportedly arrested on 22 February 1988 in Kabatiya fol.loning the lytrchiug of a local resident suspected of collaboration l{ith the Security Services. Zakarana was reportedly in Perfect health at the time of hia arreat. He ttas iuitially heltl at the Jenin llterrogation ceatre and later tratrsferred to a detention centre i! Tultaren where b arrived with a sPinal injury, ID response to these allegations the IDF issued a stateneat saying that the detainee was sufferirg fron a "hysterical reactio!", ard that Israeli and Red Cross doctors "had fould lothing Physically ttrong with him". oa 28 June 1988, the ICRC reportedly "ilisputeat the IDF statemeDt". l{o ot}rer tletails were given.
(Jerusalem Post, 22-29 Juna 1988)

568. oa 29.tu[e 1988, female security prisoners at.Neve-Tirza gaol declared a hunger strike for 48 hours to Press their atemands for imProved colditiols. The prisoners had reportedly preseated a tist of demaads to the Prisotr directors' Thir prircipal demand was to be kept i! a aparate ttard anal eajoy mor autolomy. (Ha'arecz, 30 ilune 1988) 569. on 7 Juty L988, ic tras reported that according to relatives of Eid Abu Nadi fron 'Jabaliya canp the maD, who was arrested a fortnight earlier, had been beaten by soldiers at his home and in gaol. (Jerusalen Post, 7 July 1988)
Yona

570. on 13 Ju1y 1988, the Attorney-General, Yosef Harish, and the state Attorney' Blatttna!, visited the deteation facil.ity at Ktziot, in the Negev, to fook into detention conditions of the adrniristraEive detainees held there. The connander of the facility told the visitors that 1,500 deEainees had appealed against their detention. Some 900 apPeals had already been heard ald ilr 450 cases the judges' ttecision had been given. In 100 cases it flas decided to reduce the detettiou periotl or to release the detaites. The conmandsr also toltl the visitors that detaitrees' familis refrained from visititlg thir relatives owing to the fact that they had to co-ordinate such visits i! advance uith the civil adninistration, something tbey refused to do. several. detaine6s asketl that working conditiotrs ln the facitity be improved anil that access to the detaines be facilitatd.

(Ha'aretz, 14 ltuly
On 1?

1988)

July 1988, nilitary sources rePorted that sanitary conditions in the Atrsar 3 detentior facility in Ketziot vere very baal anat that dtainees rf,ere suffering from diarrhoea ald vomitilg. (Ha'aretz, 18 July 1988) 5?I.

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572' ot 21 .tuly 1988, it sas rported that nilitarr sources bad co1flrme6 soldiers, inclutriag ar officer Ld a rornao soritler, rrer beilg put o! trialthat five o! ctargeg-of beati'g pri'oners oD zz occasioDs at tbe Dbahtriya detetrtioD celtre. (Jerusalen post, 21 July l98g) 573' or 25 ituly 1988, the conterts of a letter fron Defsnca Minister yrtzhak Babil MK Dsdl zucker was made public. MK zucter had conprailed to the tinister that deteiDes from th6 tsrritorres rere being held at th6 tulkarem detertron facility for several day', r,itb tbir hards ttd ;d their eyes covered. r. Rabin replied that tbls practice had !o, ceased. ge adttear that new rules of procedure had rece'tl'y- been issued regardi'g mir.itary roch-up faciritres, yhere the territoriea were b6i[g helil before their t-raasfer to detetrtio!.detainees from facitities. under the lew rules dtainees sbould rot be herd in such l0ct-up facilitres over 48 hours. lbe facillty iu aulkaran eatered tbis category -of toct_up for facilities. (ga,aretz, 25 Jufy l9B8)

to

574. Or 25 iluly 1998, the autboritles rlassd 147 aletaiaoes r.ho sere helat in Th6 release rraa described as a "goott-eill gesturo,'. The detaitees uere nar!d by ar officer against coEtitueal j.Dvolvenalt i! disturbances. (Ea, aretz, ;Ierusaletn Post, 26 aluly fgg8)

Ketriot.

575. OD I August L998, it rras ref)ortd that 25 Arab rorne! adminlstratlve detainees aad convicted security prisolera,priaonrs, botb bad been from Neve-firza prison to Tel MoDal priaoD. oe"-" xataoy" i! central trarsferred fsrael. fhe prisoaers reportedry b6ing uetl ta '"ere{Ha,areta, iterusalem post,a'Derly builcriag. uadr ..irnproved coaditioDe... I Augrist rgBB) 576. Or 10 August 1988, Sanlr Abu Shawish from Rmallah, vho released frotn admilistrative det.ntioD r.! th Ansar 3 prlsor had recettty bee! camp at a meetlag held by th6 "stoP the occupation" moveneat of rnistreatment Ketziot, told ir tbe prison and ln othr facrlities in ohaliriya- and Nablus. He aaid gaolers oftel forced innates to spetrd hours i! th hot iun, trusse. up in uncorniorta.ble positioas. ue also conplaitred of water shortages atrd insufficient food r.a Alsar 3. ra a related development, it was reported that o! 10 August 19gg some went oD a hurger strike to protest against condr.tions a'at2,000 inrnates in A[sar 3 dgrattiag treatment itr the prison' The huuger strike reporidly endea with a meetiig betieea the narden aDd a delegation of prisoners. It rsas further reported ou 11 August that a del.egation of American physiciaas and attoraeys who had visited the prisoa barehly criticized conditions thera, ln partr.cular thi overcrowdi'g, shortage of water and food, ard th lack of adequate rnedical care. Aa IDF spokesmar repouded that Ansar 3 met with international staldards accordatc rrith military lar. (ga,aretz, ilerusalen post,.nd lrag operated ir19gg) II and f2 August 577. oa 15 August 1988 it was reported that three supretne Court judges Plalling to investigate perso[a].ty coaditions ia the Ansar 3 priso' at t're Ketziot. This was announced during the heaiing of a petition by 12 pri-soaer" lrio a"*.a to b. transferred to a prisotr in the terriiories ir that conditiora be An6ar 3. rhe petitioners' lar{yers, Lea rsnel anit abeat Assali, improved ir tord High that conalitions in Ausar 3 rerl iuhurnau. (Ha,aretz, ilrusalen post, theAugustcourt 15 19gg)

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578. on 16 August 1988, it was reported that a Kalandiya youth, Yusuf Ayad (according Eo another report, the name was Attah Yusuf al-Artufi), aged 21, was discovered dead in hi6 ceLl at the Dhahiliya detention centre. Military soulces said he committed suicide on 14 August 1988 and lras found hanginq in his ce1I. The tatnily alleged he had been beaten and wounded in the head, and eras later Placed in an isofaLed celf. where he tlied. The fa|nily intended to Peticion the High court of Justice to reques! that the circumstances of death be investigated. (Ha'aretz, JerusaLem Post, 16 August 1988)

579. On 16 August 1988, troops oPened fire at hun,alleds of riotiug Arab Prisoners aC the Ansar 3 prison at Ketziot, killing two of them and lrounding a third. The dead were naned as: Asad Jabariya Shawa, 25, frorn Saja'iya in Gaza, and Bassarn Ibrahirn sa$udi, ?7, from Yamun. The injured prisoner was only slightly wounded and vras hospitaLized. The riots reporLedfy broke out in resPonse to news of a wave of violence in the Gaza Strip, but were also fuelled by groring tension over prison conditions. During the riots, Prisoners attacked guards with iron poles and wooden planks taken fron tents. On 17 August 1988, prisoners at the Ansar 3 prison were confined to their tenbs and nany r'Je re rePorted to be in solitary coDfinenent. The area around the prison was declared a closed nilitary zone. The Southern Region Commanater, Yitzhak Mordekhai, $tho investigated the incident personally, concLuded that the soldirs who had opened fire on the irimates the had acted appropriately. According to a lawyer who visite'al the facility, prisoners declared a three-day hunger strike. on 19 August 1988, the chief of staff was reported as saying that there was no intention of cLosilg the aletention facility in Ketziot. He said inProvements there were under way' It was al'so reported that sorne 1,00O detainees who had particiPated in the riots were deried their rights and were being kept in their tents without receivinq nerf,sPaPers or other facititios they had received before. On 21 August 1988, it was rePorted that, according to inmates who spoke to visitors during ths Past few days, one of the prisoners killed in th rioting was deliberatefy shot at close range by a bop officer of the facility and his evacuation delayed. Officers told visitols that troops had opened fire lrihh live anmunition after they ran out of tear gas and their rubber-bullet cenisters jamrned. On 23 August 1988, it aras rePorted that, according to the findings of an inquiry carried out by an exanining officer designated by the southern Region Conmander, the troops had acted according to the rules and regulations, antl lhe firing at inmates vras justified, since Ehe crowds of prisoners were threatening the soLdiers' lives. The examining officer, a I ieutenant-co lone1, also concluded that only one of the Prisoners had been shot dead by troopsi the other had died as a resutt of a ricochet hibting hin' The examining officer did not recomnend any rneasures or changes in the facility. (Ha'aretz, L7,]-8, ]-9,2L,23. 29 and 31 August 1988; Jerusafen Pos!, 17. 18 and
21 August
1988 )

580. On 16 August 1988, Nabil Mustafa ldbach. 20, of Beit Hanina. lras found dead in an isotation ceJ.t in the Russian Conpound in Jerusalen. The youth trad been arrested six days previously on suspicion of security offences and participation in recent rioting, According to police sources, he had hanged hinself ltith a sheet. The Jerusalern police were investigatinq the death. At the request of the fanily lavryer, an autopsy l,ras oralered, (Ha'aretz, 17 August 1988; .IerusaLem Post, 18 Aucust 1988 )

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E. AaaexaEion and settlenents 1. Policy written infornation
581. on 6 september 1997, Rabbi Dov Lior was appointed chief Rabbi of Hebron and Kiryat-Arba. .twish settlers in the area describett the appointment as the culmination of the first stage in their drive to return to Hebron forlowing the 1929 rnassacre of .tewish residents there. (Jerusalen post. 7 September l9g7)
Bank I'eas inaugurated near

582. on 18 october 1987, the first Jewish higher education institute in the west the aettlernent of Kedrunirn. At the inaugurat.ion ceremony the Prime Minister. Yitzhak Shanir, stated that ,'Jerusalen, Samaria, the Sharon, the Galiree and the Goran Heights nere one entity, and it was a dangerous illusion to say that the peopre of rsrael would ever cut itself from Ehese aieas". (Ha'aretz, 19 October 1987 )

583. on 12 November 1997, it was reported that., according to the head of the Defence Ministry's youth and Nahal Department, Aryeh Simhoni, Defence Minister Rabin had recently deciiled that Nahal. outposts in the territories woul-d only be set. up in sites like1y to become permanent civilian settlements. (Jerusalem Poat, l2 Novernber 19g?) 584. On 17 November 1987, the Knessee Finance Corurittee approved by a rnajority of votes the allotmeut of NIS 13 rnillion ($8 mitlioa) to three new settlements in the territoriesr Avney-Hefetz. Assael and Beitar. The Cornmittee also allotteal moley for furcher consLruction on the Tra''s-samaria road. (IIa'aretz, lg November lggz)

585. On 22 November 1987, it rdas reported that the Ministry of Housing was pfanning the construction of 1,500 apartments in the Jerusalem area b.l/ the end of 1988. (Jerusaletn Post. 22 November 1987)
586. on 19 February 1989. it lras reporhed that the Di rector of the lrousing Ministry, tunos unger, announced thac a sum of Nrs 10 million-Generarnillion) hatt ($6.s beeu earnarked for road building in the West Bank during the fiscal year 19gg,/g9, The Defence Ministry !.ras also reportedry invorved in the projects. in addition to the Kalliliya bypass f,oad, a 15 kilometre road would rink Jerusalern to the Etzon bloc, by passing the Dheisheh refugee carnp and serving Efrat and Kiryat_Arba. Other stretches of road would be built near Ariel and around Beit Ur a-Tahta. (Jerusalem Post, 19 February 19gg)

587' on 4 March 1988, it xas reported that rndustry and rrade Minister Ariel sharon and EiDance Minister Moshe Nissin had struck a secret dea] that wourd enable sharon to boosb development projects in the West BanL settlements before the coming efections. According to a report, the Finance Minister agreed Lo add NIS I0 nillion ($6.5 nillion) to the funds avaifabte for Jewish settlenents in tbe territories. (Jerusalem post, 4 March lggg)

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588. On 28 March 1988, Housing Minister David Levy, speaking in Kiryat-Arba, pledged to construct 2,000 more flats in settlenents in the west Bank and Gaza. (Jerusafem Post, 29 March 1988) 589. oD 10 April 1988, it h'as reported that the Housing Ministry intended to increase the nunber of housing units in the territories in 1988 by 30 Per cenf. The Ministry's Di rector -General, Amos Unger, said thab follovring the drastic drop in sales of f,lats in Ehe territories in recent. months, owing to the unre6t, it was decided to adopt a series of measures to boost construccion in the territories. (Ha'aretz, t0 April 1988 )

590' on 22 June 1988, Housing and ConsLruction Minister David Levy declared that 10 provisional settlements wouLd be converteal into pernanent ones, and thougands of housing units would be built in settlements Located on the Green Line. "Theae housing units vril1 obliterate the forner Green Line", he said. He added that "nothing wilf deviate us from our determination to continue and intensify the accelerateal construction ilr Judea and Samaria". (Ha'aretz, 23 June 1988) 2. written information
591. On 2 September 1987, the cornerstone-laying cerenony was announced for a nel{ settLenent, Avuey-Hefetz, Located I kilornetres souhh-east of Tulkarem. Most of the lands for the new settlenent had been bought frorn private land-owners. Avney-Itefetz was one of the six settl"enents r,rhose construction was decided by the National Unity covernment. (Ha'aretu, 2 Septenber 1987)
Measures

592. On 2 October 1987, it was reported that the Jewish Nationat Fund had seized in recent rnonths three houses in the viltage of Sil.ttan, in East Jerusalem. Local residenEs said that .tewish fanities wouLd rnove in bortly. (Ha'aretz, 2 October 1987 )
593. on 5 November 1987. the Central Bureau of Statistics rePorted that the number of Jewish settlers in the territories had increased by 21'0oo since the fornation of the National Unity Goverrunent at the end of 1984, passing fron 36'900 to appronirnately 58,OOO. The nurber of Jews settliag in lhe territories rcas 9'2OO irt 1985, 7,300 in 1986 and about 5.000 in 1987. (Jerusalen Post. 6 November 1987) 594. On 16 November 1987, a source close to Industry and Trade Minister Ariet sharon reveaLed that the Minister was buying an apartment in the MusLin guarter of JerusaLen's Ofd CiCy. Sharon's new residence was rePortedly Located in the same complex of apartrnents that students from the "Ateret Cohanitn" yeshiva Arab tenants still lived in Parts of the moved into about tlro rnonths earlier. building. (lterusalen Post, 17 Novernber 1987) 595. On 10 Decernber 198?, it was reported that the Israeli authorities seized 1.200 dunans from bhe vilfage of Burin. villagers, who filed a complaint against the rneasure, beLieved the seized land wouLd serve the eapansion of the nearby

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settlenent of Bragha. In another development, tbe village council of notified of the seizure of a large ar"u of land of Che viLlage on the Beit Anr was alongside the Je rus a.1etn-t{ebron road. vi.rlagers feared the land vrour.d eastern hilLs later be confiscated. (Attalia, 10 Decefrber 19B7)
596. on 2 February 1998, Housiag MinisLer David Levy said that his started bhe construction of a Kalkiliya bypass road and that a new Ministry ha. road, to the Etzion bloc, woufd be built before ihe end of the present financialfron Gilo year. He Promised settters' representaEives that many nore hou'es $ould be buirt in their settlements. (Ha,aretz, 3 February 19gg)

Gush new

597' on 18 May 1988, the co rners tone-laying ceremony took place for setblement at Aceret' north-west of narnarlih. Ateret lra6 described a permanent as a religious cornrnunal settlenent with 35 farnilies, affiliated to the Anana movenent of

Enunim. (Ha'aretz, 18 May

1988)

598' on 22 June 1988. construction site that the construction the year. (Ha,aretz,

Housitlg and construction Minister David Levy inaugurated a at the Alfei-Menashe settlement. He declared at the ceremony of a road bypassing xalkiriya would be over before the end of 23 June 1988)

599. On 12 July 1989. the Nahal outpost at Shin,a, in southern convertd into a civilian settrernent. rt erould be a communal Mount Hebron, was settlnent of Gush Ernunim. Shin'a was one of six new sett.lemenbs whose establistunent was under the coalition agreement of the preEent National Unity Government, decided (Ha'aretz, Jerusalem post, 13 July 19gB)

Oral evidence a statement derivered before the special conmittee at Danascus on 25 May 1988, Mr. El-Fattar, Deputy Ministei for Foreign Affairs of the syrian Arab RePublic, referred to the situation in the Syrian territory stated in this connection:
under occupation
and

600' rn

"The Israeti viofations of hwnan rights there continue: fact, they have intensified their aggressivenes" urral thri, intransigence. in Annexation, introduction of settlers, judaization and expropriation of vrater still continue, and official staternents by the fsraeli authorities confirm this. In addition. we see that there is continued detention and inprisounent. repression and oppression. house arrest and house raids, inpositions of curfews and repression of freedom of expression, al.l continue to escalate

the territories.

in

"The economic position of the population of the occupied Golan is _ i.ncreasing.ly deteriorating." r t."i,tl of rsraeli poricies \dhich tleat the occupied areas as dependenc upon the rsraeli and as a rnajor consurner narket for Israeli products. Recently it has""oao^y the marketino of b]ocked

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agricultural produce, which is the nainstay of the Population of the occuPied Golan. The situation of Syrian workers is no different from lhe general inhuman situation of the population there in the absence of any civilized norns applied in any territory under Israeli occupation: they are subjected to racial discrimination and exptoitation. They have no guarantees' no social insurance and no health care, Thus these people are Paying the price of occupation. Also, I should like to refer to the dangers to education because the occupation authorities insist on elirninating any national character from the population of the occupied Arab Co1an, and cutting the PeoPle off from their nationaf historic. and cultural roots, severing their links with their original mother country, syria. In atldition, there is a deterioration in the level of education and of health care provided in the schools. The l6raelis are preventing children frorn receiving the necessary education anal {ilL not provide the Arab population with the neans of building Arab schoofs or irnproving the health situation in them. Throqgh these Policies they are trying to paralyse the work of the few Arab health institutions left there, in order to eJ,imiDate any Arab character from the area and to allow to deteriorate the present preventive and treatment services that are provided for the populaEion in che area." (Mr. Dia El-Fattaf, A/AC.145/RT.486)
601. Reference to the situation in the Syrian territory under occuPation rnay also be found in docunent A/AC,145/RT.487 (Mr. Walid Mahnoud).
l"f

ritten information

602. On 23 October 1987, it was reported that hundreds of Gol.an residents had recently asked the Israeli authorities t.o altow them to visit their relat.ives in Syria and to resume nonthly meetings with then along the border - a practice halted six years earLier. over 50 residents have aLso reportedly asked the authorities to perrnit their close relations living in Syria to return to their homes and villages under the fanily unification scherne. A senior officiaL at the Interior Ministry said that as far as he knew there was no intention to change che current Policy, which prohibited contacts betvreen Golan residents and Syrian residents. (.terusaLem Post, 23 October 1987 )
603. on 14 February 1988, riots r.ere reported in Majdal shams, northern Golan Heights, on the sixth annivers.ary of the application of Israeli law in the region. In clashes wiLh police four demonstrators and four policenen were injured, 25 persons lrere arrested. Police used a tear-gas-firing helicopter to chase the protesters. In another development. it was reported that 16 adults and 4 children were to cross the border into Kuneitra to visit- their fani.lies in Syria for uP to 30 days. This !.as the first Lime such visits uere authorized since the 1967 $rar. The Ministry of the Interior reportedly intended to continue the Policy of authorizing such visits. The co-ordinat-ion with the Syrian aubhorities was done through i:he Red Cross representatives in Tef Aviv. On 7 March 1988, a group of residents of the Gol.an crossed into Syria to meeL relatives. The visit was organized jointly by rsrael, the United Nations and ICRC. The visitors ltere from the villages of Majda] Shams. Bukata and Ein-Kinya. (Ha'aretz, 15 February and 7 March 1988; Jerusalen Post, 8 March 1988)

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604. On 14 February 1988, the Northern Region Conunanaler declared the alongside Majdal shams a closed rnilitary irea. (A.taria, 18 Februaryborder area 198B)
605._On 19 February 1988, it rf,as reported that the police had arrested three Physicians living in the northern Goran, on suspiciin of giving nedical care to demonstrators r'rho nere injured in the riots in itajdar shans earrier in The_three were suspected of setting up rnedical cl.inics in two houses the week. and nedical care-without reporting about it to bhe police. The clinics were giving seE up before the disturbances started' The three were nafied as Ali Awad, ysef Hattar and Fawzi Elkish. A Kiryat-Shnona magislrate remanded the three in custody for a further neek' Porice also arrested a Majdal shams resi.dent who a syrian flag on the focal school. on zg February rsoa, it was reported unfurr.ed po.lice that the arrested six mor inhabitants of the Golan on suspicion of participating disEurbances a fortnight earr.ier, This brought the totar. of detainees in the to More arrests lrere expected, Charge sheets had aLready been filed against many 50. .le of detainees, including the three physicians mentioned above. (Ha,aretz, tg ano 28 February 1988 )

606. on 17 April 1998, 10 residents of Majttal sham6 were arrested following rioting, when porice prevented residents from staging a demonstration to commenorate the anniversary of syria's independence. several policemen vrere stightlv injurect in rhe crasies, in which poli". vir]agers and four ;";;-;Ju, g"" .o disperse .the stone-:hrowing crowd. (Jerusalem post, 18 April 1988)

v.

cot{ctusroNs

607. The present report has been prepared in accordance with the mandate of the sPecial Commi.ttee as renewed by the General Assenbr.y in its re60lutio,, 42,/t6o D. 608' section rr contains a description of the organization by the speciar of its work during the period from 4 Septenber 1987, the date of adiption cornnittee of its .1ast report (A/42/6501. As may be asceitained fron section rr, the coverrurent of rsrael continued to withhold its co-operation from the speciar connittee. other hand, the Special Corunittee benefited fron the co_operation of the on Lhe Governments of Egypt, Jordan and the Syrian Arab Republic, and patestine Liberation organization. SecEion Iff ipe]ls out the mandate of,of the the connittee as defined in previous years. This includes the extensioDSpecial rnandate of the Speciaf Cornmittee to include the investigation of allegations of the of "exploitation and looting of the resources of the occupied territories,,. ',pi1raging of the archeofogical and cuLtural heritage of the occupi.ed territ.ories,, and "interference in the fredo$ of worship in the troly places of territories", as ref.lected in ceneraf Assembly resol.ution 3OO5the occupied (XXVII).

609' section rv contains a sunmary of the oral evidence ancl written informabion received by the special cornrnittee. The speciat cornnittee, having been precrucled frorn visiting the occupied territories, conducted a series of, neetings at ceneva, Arnman, Danascus and cairo in May/June of this year. At Ar nan. Damascus and it heard the evidence of persons who hacl first_hand knowledge and persolal cairo, experience of the human rights situation in the occupied territories. The Special

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conrnittee also conducted a series of hearings at Geneva in August 1988, when it heald the evidence of seven persons who had recently been deporbed fron the fn addition, the SPecial Conunittee followed the situation in occupied territories. the occupied territories on a day-to-day basis through rePorts apPearing in the Israeli and palestinian pre6s, The Special Conmittee examined a number of valuable corununications and reports from Governments, organizations and individual6 in the occupied territories that reached it during the period covered by the Present rePort. 610. The overall Picture drawn from the information available to Corntnietee reflects a new phase in the evolution of the situation

the SPeciaL in the occupied territories, characteriued by a level of violence and repression never reached before in the course of tshe 21 years of occuPatio!. In the conclusions to its leporL last year. the Special Conmibtee trad warned that there existed in the occupied territories "... an explosive situation that seems bound to Provo*e yet more dramatic events in the f,uture", This prediction has unfortunately proved to be accurate in the light of the dranatic events that, since December 1987, have cast such a tragic shadow over an afready severefy stricken civifian PoPulation, bringing to it its daily lot of death and suffering.
611. Such ConmiCtee

tragic developments stem from the basic reality, denounced by the special since the outset of its activities, thae occupation in itself constitutes a violahion of hunan rights. This fact, however, has been consistently denied by the Government of Israel, whose general policy towards the occuPied territories is based on the principle that the territories occupied by Israel in 1967 conatitute part of the state of Israel and that therefore neasures such as the establishnent of colonieS in the occupied territories and the transfer of Israeli citizens thereto did not constibuCe a process of annexation. Such an attitude rePresents a flagratrt violation of the internationat obligations of Israel as a State party to the FourEh Geneva Convention relative to Ehe Protection of Civilian Persols in Tine of War. It may be recalLed that this Convention stipulates that nilitary occupation is to be considered as a temporary, de facto situation. giving no right integrily of the occuPied whatsoever to the occupying Power over the territorial various illustrations of the Israetj. attitude are provided in the territories. present report, in particular, as reflected iu paragraph 582, where reference is nade to the statement. (reported in Ha'aretz on Lg October 1987) by Prine Minister Shamir that Jerusalem. Samaria, the Sharon, the Galilee and the Golarr Heighbs were one eDtity, and it was a dangerous illusion to say that the people of Israel would ever cut itself from these areas.
612. The various restrictive measures irnplenented against the civilian poPul.aeiou in the f,latnework of Che "iron-fist policy" si.nce 1985 have contributed to the deterioration of the situation leading, during the period covered by the Present report, to the uprising of the Palestinian populaEion against the occupation' and This provoking an unprecedented wave of disturbances in the occupied territories. by rePressive new phase has been narked by a further outburst of violence and In measures raised to the status of an official policy by the Israeli authorities. 1988 by Defence this context, reference can be made to the statement on 19 \tanuary Minister Rabin that. violent demonstrations would be Prevented with "force, polter and b1ows", as reportd in Ha'aretz and Lhe Jerusalem Post on 19 and

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20 ,January 1988 (see para. 42). Mr. Rabin further stated on 24 February 19g8 (as reported in Attaria on 25 February 1988), that force, lubber bullets, tear ga6 and beatinq would continue to be u6ed against protesters (see para. 5l). On L June 1988, he was reported by Ha'aretz as haviug stated that the economic Pressure exerted on the Palestinian population. as weff as rnass arrests, were the principal elenents contributing to what he described as an ,,attrition ifl the Arab popufat.ion's notivation', to pursue the uprising (see para. 63).

613' This deternination to resort to physical violence against dernonstrators has resulted in a heavy toLl of casualtiesi several huudreds of civitian palestinians have been killed and thousands have been injured in the course of the uprising, including snall children, women and old peopLe (see the list of casualties reproduced in annex f), The harassment alld physical ilf-treatnent of civilians have reached a dramabic fevel, as illustrated, anong others, by the findings of a team of united states physicians who visited hospi.Lals in the territorie. and stated in a press conference herd ou 11 February 19gg that they had found medical evidence of "an uncontrolled epidenic of violence by the arny and the po.lice in the West Bank and Gaza',, as reported in Ha'aretz and t.he Jerusalen post of f2 February 1988 (see para. 357). Numerous cases of severe beatings and bone-breaking have been reported t.o the speciar cornmittee. one particularry odious incident was that referred to in Ha,aregz and the Jerusalen post on 15 February 1988, which occurred in the village of salem. The arregation was that soldiers driving an arny bulldozer had attenpted to bury alive four palestinian youehs. The youths, who had previously been severely beaten and had 1ost. consciousness after being buried, had reportedly been rescued by other villagers and were taken t.o hospital (see para. 358). Another developrnent had been the use of various kinds of gases against demonstrators. As reflected in paragraph 365, on 24 APril 1988 it was reported in Ha'aretz that, according to a survey conctucted the civil administration in the Gaza strip, there r',as a ro per cent increase in by the nunber of, miscarriages anong Gaza women in the first four months of the uprising, in comparison with the sarne period in the previous years. In 166 cases wonen said they had niscarried as a resurt of tear gas they inhared during the disturbance.. 614' The information and evidence gathered by the special Cornnit.tee aLso illustrate an eatensiou and intensification of various practices of collective punishnenc and a recourse to nevr forns of collective reprisal, such as econornic sanctions and the bulldozing of houses. perhaps the most regrettable well_known case of house demolition during the period,covered by the present. teport was that of the 13 houses demorished in Beita by the rDF on 10 April 1988, forlowing the viorent clash that occurred between a gloup of teenagers from the Eilon-Moleh settlernent and vil]agers from Beita, and in which a young settler girl r.ras killed. The illegar practice of the demolition of houses har been usecl on an unprecedented scale by the rsraeti authorities since the beginning of the uprising, Another repressive coLlective measure has been the systernatic and proionged use of curfews, as welf as the searing off of ent.ire localities, whiqh in several instances have plovoked food and fuel shorcages- one particurarty irlustrative exanpre of this Policy was the move. on 28 March 1988. by the IDF to declare the occupied territorie6 crosed nilitary areas for 72 hours; such measures were unprecedenged in their scope since the 1967 war. rn addition to these measures, harsh econonic sanctions have also been imposed on the civilian populat.ion, incLuding the cutt.ing

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of water or electricity supPlies, limitation of funds allowed inside the occupied territories; or the severing of telephone links. Such rneasures have contributed to the further deterioration of an already critical economic and social situation.
615. The period coverett by the presen! report, and in Particufar the Period since the beginning of the uprising, has also been characterizeal by a noticeable increase in the number of expulsions and deportatioas frorn the occupied territories carried out in 6pite of an international canpaign of protest against such ilLegal practices, These expulsions have taken Pface in violaEion of article 49 of the Fourth Geneva Convention, which states that indivittual or mass forcible transfers from occupied territory are prohibited, regardless of their notive.

616. The deterioraEiou of the human rigbts situation in the occupied territories has aLso been ritne66ed in the fieltl of the adninistration df justice. The period covered by the presenh report has been markeq by new court Procedures denounced as ,,quick justice',. as illustrated by the report in IIa'aretz and the Jerusalem Post of 29 Decernber 1987, according to which MK Matti Peled had sent a cable to Defence Minister Rabin, calling on him to stop the summary trials in the territories and stating that the courts in the territories had ceased to be instiEutioos of justice and were instead "autonatic rnachines to produce judgenents in assembly-line fashion" (see para. 265). It was further reported in lla'aretz and the JerusaLem Post of 30 Decernber L987 that lawyers tlefending West Bank Arabs arrested aluring the riot.s had decitled to boycott the "quick justice" hearings at military This period ha6 also courts, which they described as "humiliating and illegal". witnessed a Large increase in bhe number of detentions, incfuding administrative det.entions. Ila'aretz reported on 19 May 1988 that. according to a report PrePared by MK Deati zucker, there were at that time 1,900 PaLestinians hold in administrative detention. Some of the detainees did not krow whether they were adninistrat.ive or regular detaines, and in some cases the tlecision on the tyPe of detntion was rnade only after they arrived in the detention place. In contrast members of the .tewish underground, settlers, IDF rnembers or other fsraelis charqed trith murder or mistreatment of Arab civilians seem to have been treated with relative leniency by the authorities. Reference can be made in this regard to the further reduction. to 15 years, by President Hetzog, of the Prison terms of three coDvicted members of the .tewish underground originally sentenced for murder to life inprisonment, and who later had already had their sentence reduced to 24 years (see para. 326). 617. such an unprecedented increase in the number of Palestinian detainees had contributd to a worsening of the situation and treatment of prisoners. The recent period has been marked by an increase in the nutntter of detention centres as a consequence of Lhe arrest of thousands of Palestinians since the start of the uprising. In addition to the existing prisons, arrny detention centres have been increased. Israeli rnilitary government buildings and police stabions have also often been used as temporary detention centres. Furthermore, detainees have also been held in prisons and detention centres inside Israel itself, in violation of relevant provisions of article 76 of the Fourth Geneva Convention of 1949. tunong the problems encountered by deLaiuees have been the overcrowding of cells' physical the lack of adequate health services, nutrition and psychological ifl-treatnent, anal ctothing. Ne$ly opened detention centres such as Dahriyeh or Ansar 3 were

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reported to be notorious for particularly cruel conditions. including syst.emaEic beating, overcrowding' forced labour and lack of hygiene. such harsh treatnent has frequently led to hunger strikes in the prisons and detention camps.
618, The report also contains information on neasures affecting t.he enjoyment of various fundamental freedoms. Referenqe has also been made to the systernatic recourse to curfews, seaLing off of local.ities or declaring the entire territories closed mil.itary areas, thus seriously harnpering the right to freedom of novenent. Several incidents that. occurred in or around holy pLaces have iLlustrat.ed the restrictions upon the exercise of the righc to freedom of worship. The light to freedom of expression has also bee! seriousLy affected by a series of measures incfuding bans on the alistribution of newspapers, issuing administrative detention orders against journafists. declaring various areas ,'cLosed miLit.ary zones,, to news coverage or the closure of press agencies and newspapers. Freedom of education was also severely restricted, in particular rrith the cLosure order affecting a1l universities in che occupied telritories and resurting in the ross of the entire acadenic year, as well as the closure of aLL schools in the territories for several

months .

619. During the period under consideration, acts of violence and aggression by Israeli settlers against the civiLian6 has reached an unprecedented ]evel. rllustrative of this situation is the report. in Ma'ariv of 19 uay 1988 that MK zucker had submitted to police Minister Ba!-Lev a list of 13 Arabs frotn the occupied territories believed to have been kitleat by settters since January 1988. Arab sources provide an even higher estimate of victims of settlers, as refr.ected in the oral testimony of an anonl.rnous witness rf,ho referred to 23 Arabs killed by the bullets of the settters in the west Bank and in Gaza (see para. 499 above).

620' Fira1ly, the report of the speciar committee also contains information on tension prevailing in the Syrian territory under occupation, where serious incidents continued to occur. Reports rnentioned disturbances and arrests of residents of Majdat Sharns on various occasions (see paras. 603, 605 and 606).

bhe

621. rn view of the gravity of these deveropment', the special committee wishes to stress lhat the resPonsibility of the internationat conmuDity is rnore manifest than ever before and that urgent rneasures must be taken in order to prevent further deterioration of the situation and ensure an effeclive protection of the basic rights of the civilians in the occupied territories. Such protection can only be ensured, in the long run, through lhe negotiation of a conprehensive, just and fasting settlement of the Arab-rsraeli conflict acceptable to alf concerned. until such a settlement is achieved, the fotlowing neasures coufd contribute, rn the view of the Special Committee, to the restoration of the basic human rights of the civilians in the occupied territories:

(a) The full application, by rsraer, of the rerevant provisions of the Fourth the main int.ernational instrument in hunanitarian lart that applies to the occupied territories, and whose applicability to those territ.ories has repeatedly been reaffirmed by lhe Security CounciI, the General AssembLy and other relevant organs of the United Nations,
Geneva Convention, which rernains

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th! The fflll ..'-oberaLion of the Israeli authorities with the International Corunittee of the Red Cross in older to facilitate efforts to Protect detained persons, in particular by ensuring futt access of ICRC rePresentatives to such Persons; (c) The fult supPort, by Member States. of the activities of ICRC in the occupiecl territories, and positive resPonse by Member States to eventual apPeals for additional assistance, including funds to finance the extra activities required by the unprecedented increase in the number of detained personsi (d) the futl" suPport, by Member States, of ITNRWA activities in the occuPied territories in order to enable UNRWA to irnprove the general assistance Provided lo the refugee population.
VI

.

ADOPTION OF THE REPORT

622. T:ne present report was approved and signed by the SPecial Conunittee on 26 August 1988 in accordance with rufe 20 of its rules of procedure.
Notes

l/ Official Records of the General Assenblv, Twenty-fifth Session, agenda item 101, documents A/8089, A/8389 and Corr.l and ?, A/8389/Add.l and Add.l/Corr.1 and 2, A,/8828t A/9L48 and Add.I, A/9AI7, A/LO272t A/31/2L8, A/32/284i A/31/356t A/34/631, A/35/425t A/36/579, A/37/485t A/38/4o9, A/39/59Ii A/40/7o2, A/4I/680, ar\d
A/

42/650,

2/ Official Records of, the General Assenbly, T{entv-fifth session, Annexes. agenda iten 101, doctunent A/8237, ibid., Twenty-sixth Session, Anne:es, agenda item 40. document A/8630, ibid', Twenty-seventh Session, Anne{es' agenda itern 42, document A./8950; ibid., Tvrenty-eighLh Session, Annexes, agenda iten 45, docutnent A/9374; ibid., Twenty-ninch Session, Anne:res, agenda item 40. document A'/9872, ibid., Thirtieth Session, Annexes, agenda itern 52. docu.nent A/10461t iE-d., Thirty-first ses6ion. Annexes, agenda item 55, docurnent A/3L/399, i!id. ' agenda item 57, document A/32/407, fui{' ' @, Thirtv-third Session, Anneaes, agenda itern 55, documenl A,/33/439, ibid.. Thirtv-fourth Session. Annexes, agenda iten 51, docurnent A/34/691 and Add.lt ib!j!.. Thirtv-fifth Session, Annexes, agenda iten 57, document A/35/674, ibll,. Thirtv-sixth Session' Annexes, aqenda item 64. document A/36/632/Add'7; ibid.Thirty-seventh Session' Annexes. agenda itern 61. clocument A,/3?/698; ibid', Thirtv-eighth Session, Annexes, agenda item 69. document A/38/718t ibiA., Thirty-ninth session. Annexes. ageutla itern 71, document A/39/712t ibid., ro!tieth Session, Annexes, agenda iten 75, docunent A/40/8gOi jbilX., FortY-first Session, Annexes. agenda itern 71, document A/4L/750, and ibid., Fortv-second Session, Annexes, agenda item 75, docwnent A/42/8I!.

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Notes ( continued

)

1/ Officiaf Records of the ceneraL AssembLv, Trentv-fifth agenda itern 101, docurnent A/8089, annex IIL 4/ 5/ 6/

Session, Annexes.

United Nations, Treaey Series, vol. 75, No, 973, p, 287,
I_bi.d., No. 972, p.
13S.

M.d., vo]. 249, No. 35rr, p.

215.

7/ Caruegie Endormont for International Peace, The Haque Conventioas and DecLarations of 18qg and 1907, New york, Osford University press, 1915. g/
General .A,ssembly resolution Z20O A ()C(I).

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AI{NEf,

I1
3

Petitio! sl.qad bv detalnees fron Ansar
Complaiat

callino for the inmediate closur of Alsar 3 (Ketziot)

we, the undersigled, in the lano of al.l Arsar 3 aitmiDistrative detaiDees rrho are currentry servLng sir nontbg' a&nialstrativ detention in A:r.sar 3 (Ketztot) prison camp, hereby flte a conplalnt to tha irternatioaal relief organizations arld other coDcerntt groups, as otipulateil lo article 101 of the Fourth Geneva convntioD, regartliug the vioratron of our rights and privileges urlder the rourth
Geueva Convsntion.

1. r6rael's administrativ deteltLon policy is lLlegar unaler the Fourtb Geleva coaventioa. Article 6, paragraph 3, prohlbits admiaistratl.ve deteDtioa beyoail oae year after the cessatiot of rnilitary operatiors. rt is illegal to datair par63tLnl.ara fron th6 weat. Bant and Gaaa La the N69ev according to article 49 of tbe Fourth Geneva CoDve[tio! of 1949, rhich states that it is illegal to traasfer tbe iDbabltants of the occupied torritories to ary prace outside the occupied territory. 3. coDtrary to section 4 of the Fourtb Geneva coavention of 1949, we do not have: (a) Tre[ty-four-hour access to water for drintilg and washingi (b) Erough food, to keep us la good healtb, tror ar we provi.ded rith facilities to prepare our orn fooil (accordllng to our rellgious traditions ) that have received as legitimate gifts from our farniLies; (c) civilla! clothlngi irstead we are gJ.vea arny uniforms, which are coo heavl' for the hot desert suD,
a

2.

we

(d) visits from our fanilies, which t{ are supposed to receive at reast molth. These visit3 shoulal be facilitatett by the Ilternatiolal Conmittee oftwice the Red crosa ald not conditl.onat on rigrat rDF approvar, rhicb colsists of a security clearance, proof of paymeat of alL tares and ill uureasonable travelliag fee, (e) Access to arr nedical facilitles and to a parestiniaa doctor of our choice, inclutling one nho is detalneal witb us, (t) A religious rniaister who is detained sith us who has free access to art prisoners and free accoss to visit ar.1 detainees iu mlritary hospitals outsLde tbe
canP

t

(s) A, cantee! and mo[ey for the cauteen that wirr provide cigaretts, food, toiletries and other such amenities that rill improve the guatity of rife for us in
the
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(b) Fatnills (i)

boused together

i

sufflcleat protection from the sua durlag th6 4s-mlnut Prisotr courts, fhich are helil ulder th blazing noo!-tirne sun, $hich has caused matry of us to :aiat from tbe hoat and lacl of wateri (j) R6gular bousitrgi insteail we are housed ia tentg that are lot suffl'cient :o protect us agal.lst tbe dsert heat ald th colcl tlesert nlghtsi (k) Permissl.ou to senal at least four postcarils and tl'o letter8 a mouth (at !e authorities' erpense) to our fanilies ard frildsi (I) poatcards s6at to our families irdnedlately uPon our ileteltion listing our locatlo!, a! address at rthicb ve can be roachod ald our state of, bealth, (n) Sufficient Paas, Psncils anal PaPeri (n) Regular cutlery or ProPer dishes, ilsteadl ne are forced to eat our food ritb our hands usiag one tray for two Persolai (o) Daily levspapers or access to raallos, telovialors, books antt educational
rtrd,

recreatioDal rnaterLal.s t

Access to all our possessions storehouss i! the canP.

(p)

(llke ertra clothiug) that are curreatly in

l.

I! addition we dlenand an end to: (a) Militarf punishrnents lile Proloagit stalldi[g undr th suni (b) All collectivo
Pulishments '

we call upo|t all those concernetl with the Prservation of tbe hunan rights guaraDteed under tbe Fourth Geaeva CoBveDtioa of 1949 to suPPort the closure of

Arsar 3 (Ketziot).

(S.ised)
Mohalturctt

Ellas

ADwar Rataab

Hafez Ismail Abu Shalbak
Muha r|6tl Alham llassaa Mul:a ned A1i Na'eman Muhanned Sbehaalah Altanaari Azaat Aynan trhatler Saker Elias Nazaal Rashitl Dib Abdalhatnid AIi Othnar Nadtlaaf
l,fahrnuit Waluil Adlan Daoud

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ADnail Blrtrrda! Baalat lDu Aker

Ibrlbtn Barsr! Al-gaylk

t{ulrntrleal A,bd.lkader

Llbib Ahnaat Alraal Aal.raat Yrlalt! Earsr! lilabnud Darviah All Avrdl slhh Ganrl Mrbnud Anh Abu Hettra Fanal
f,alar ttrbsr laheb Eanarah

Al-Waluil
BaluarmL

28 itu! 1988

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AI{NEX

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