Compilation of all submissions received on experiences and best practices in fighting all forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance in sport and in promoting integration and intercultural dialogue in and through sport. The report of the ninth session of the Intergovernmental Working Group on the effective implementation of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action (IGWG) in its Paragraph 109 encourages "States and other relevant stakeholders to share experiences and best practices in fighting all forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance in sport and in promoting integration and intercultural dialogue in and through sport." Paragraph 118 invites "the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human, in collaboration with other partners, to prepare a compilation of experiences and best practices for combating racism through sport at international, regional, national and local levels, in accordance with information received from various stakeholders." Pursuant to the aforementioned resolution and following the recommendation of the report of the ninth session of the IGWG, OHCHR prepared the present compilation of all contributions received from member States and other stakeholders on experiences and best practices for combating racism through sport. Submissions were received from Australia, Germany, Guatemala, Kazakhstan, Monaco, Montenegro, the Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, Slovenia and the Swiss Federal Commission. Contributions were also received from the European Union, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, the Australian Human Rights Commission, the Danish Institute for Human Rights, the Portuguese Ombudsman and the Qatar National Human Rights Commission. The submissions will be included in the OHCHR's Database on practical means to combat racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance. This Database (The OHCHR anti-discrimination database) which is currently under development aims at facilitating information-sharing on resources available worldwide for the elimination of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, with a view to capacity-building and support for stakeholders. It will contain a section on existing practices to address racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance; with a sub-category on Sport. Information on Australia's experiences and best practices for combating racism through sport at international, regional, national and local levels Whether we're participating, watching, or coaching, sport plays an important role in Australia's approach to the development and maintenance of social cohesion and community harmony. The majority of professional, amateur and community sporting teams in Australia incorporate anti-racism objectives in their business and playing guidelines. On 18 October 2010, Australia was pleased to co-sponsor United Nations General Assembly Resolution 11012 on Sport as Means to Promote Development [which] `recognises the potential of sport to encourage tolerance and social cohesion'. In its statement to the General Assembly upon the adoption of the resolution, Australia acknowledged the growing body of sport for development research which provides strong empirical evidence of the direct role sport plays in advancing human rights, social inclusion and community development. Apart from good health, sport also contributes to confidence, self-esteem, teamwork, cooperation, social interaction, interpersonal communication, tolerance and conflict resolution. The Australian Government, through the Australian Sports Commission, is involved in a range of programs and projects to address racism and vilification in sport. Foremost is the Commission's involvement as a major partner in the Play by the Rules program. Play by the Rules (www.playbytherules.net.au) provides online information, tools and resources free online training courses and national campaigns for players, coaches, administrators, officials and spectators to help make sport safe, fair and inclusive. The website contains information on: managing risks, legal rights and responsibilities, complaint handling procedures, preventing harassment and discrimination and inclusive sport. The Australian Sports Commission, state and territory sport and recreation departments, along with state and territory anti-discrimination and equal opportunity agencies and the NSW Commission for Children and Young People help to promote Play by the Rules and its resources and campaigns through their networks, in partnership with their own anti-discrimination and inclusion programs. The collective impact of these organisations and their networks is helping to increase the knowledge and skills of individuals and organisations in Australia in preventing and dealing with discrimination and harassment issues in sport, particularly racism. The Australian Sports Commission and Play by the Rules have also recently agreed to support the National Anti-Racism Strategy, to be launched in August 2012, to help promote a clear understanding in the Australian sporting community of what racism is, and how it can be prevented and reduced. The Commission also provides free online training for Member Protection Information Officers, who are the first point of reference and referral for individuals in sporting clubs or associations should they encounter issues in their sport, such as racism or abuse. The Commission also holds regular webinars and information forums for national and state sporting organisations around ethics and integrity issues. Additional examples of Australia's experiences in combating racism through sport include: Harmony Day is Australia's annual (21 March) national day of action to celebrate the many benefits of Australia's cultural, linguistic and religious diversity. In 2012, the Harmony Day theme was Sport ­ play, engage, inspire which encouraged everyone, regardless of background, to participate in a sporting activity, increase understanding and to be inspired or inspire others. Significant 2012 Harmony Day supporters included iconic sporting bodies such as the Australian Sports Commission, Cricket Australia, Football Federation Australia, Australian Football League, National Rugby League, Netball Australia and Australian Athletes with a Disability. The Australian Government provides grants to a range of community organisations to deliver practical, grass roots human rights education projects in the Australian community. Australia's Human Rights Framework - Education Grants program has funded projects including the `Human Rights are Aussie Rules' program, which uses the language of sport to teach human rights principles such as freedom, respect, equality and dignity to children and young people. One of the initiatives under Australia's multicultural policy, The People of Australia, is the Multicultural Youth Sports Partnership Program which is managed by the Australian Sports Commission for the years 2011-14. The aim of the small grants program is to assist not for profit groups to create sustainable opportunities for youth from new and emerging communities and culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds to participate in sport and physical activity within local communities. A total of seven projects focussed on sports activities were awarded funding in June 2012 under the Diversity and Social Cohesion Program. The projects are seeking to increase participation in sport by addressing the cultural barriers and making sport more accessible. These included: The Australian Rugby League Commission was awarded $47 500 for the In League ­ In Harmony project. The project will use sport to break down barriers and reduce gang activity and increase the number of culturally diverse youth playing sport. The project will promote multiculturalism and acceptance of refugees in the wider community through school visits, rugby league skills development, goal setting and resilience sessions, Harmony Day events and Gala Days. Basketball Australia was awarded $100 000 for the Engaging Women from Diverse Cultural Backgrounds in Basketball project. The project will research and identify the specific barriers that are preventing women from participating in basketball, what strategies can be implemented to make local associations more inclusive; and which geographic areas are priorities. Pilot programs will be conducted in four identified priority regions focussing on engaging women in basketball and helping young women transition from sport at school to participating in local associations. Netball Australia was awarded $100 000 for the One Netball project. The project aims to remove barriers to participation in netball for people, primarily female, from culturally diverse backgrounds. The project will employ a community engagement officer to develop and implement multicultural components of Netball's National Participation Framework. For the broad field of sport, especially organized sport, measures must reach out to the clubs, sport federations and their members and fans. Sport organizations have already taken a number of measures themselves , in addition to those taken by the federal, state and local governments (within Germanys federal system of government the states are responsible for much of organized sport). 1. Grass-roots-Project: Darmstadt Fan Project Fan Projects work with football fans using socio-pedagogical methods and focus on prevention: One-third of the funding for Fan Projects comes from the German Football Association DFB and one-third each from the German federal state and the municipality where the fan project is based. The tasks and aims of Fan Pprojects were defined in 1992 in the National Strategy for Sport and Security, which has recently been revised. The strategy outlines the content and organizational structure for football-related social work with young people. The Fan Project Coordination Centre oversees and coordinates the work of the Fan Projects and helps set up additional projects. The Darmstadt Fan Project started in 2002 and is one of 51 Fan Projects in Germany. It currently employs two staff members (one full-time and one 50% position) and works with young fans of the SV Darmstadt 98 football team (third league). The range of tasks is diverse and also includes helping fans aged from about 14 to 27 with all kinds of problems. One priority is preventing discrimination, and the most important project in this context is the film "Football is Freedom": from 2008 to 2010, the Fan Project (in cooperation with the Aktionsgemeinschaft bewegungsorientierte Sozialarbeit e.V.) worked with young football fans to make this documentary film on the topic of discrimination in football, with a focus on racism, sexism and homophobia. The film includes interviews with experts as well as victims who describe their own experience of discrimination. And a reformed right-wing extremist explains the method right wing extremists use to recruit new members at football matches. The film is intended to encourage the audience to think about and discuss racism, homophobia and sexism in football, and it shows what fans, clubs and football associations can do to oppose these phenomena. The film also hopes to increase general public awareness of this issue and encourage everyone to work towards a more tolerant society. 1 The Darmstadt Fan Project is a good example of successful, local prevention efforts which benefit both young fans and society as a whole, thereby helping to counter every form of discrimination in everyday life. 2. Networking project: Campaign "Sport and government united against right-wing extremism" The campaign "Sport and government united against right-wing extremism" was launched in early 2011. This campaign is an example of how coordinated efforts by government and civil society can tackle urgent social problems, which are of course also reflected in sport, by focusing on the relevant groups. The campaign also serves the purpose of prevention by creating or improving conditions for sport to take advantage of its many opportunities to teach values, especially in working with young people. Campaign sponsors include the following sport organizations: - The German Olympic Sports Confederation (DOSB), the umbrella organization of German sport; - the German Football Association (DFB), the umbrella organization of German football; - and the state sports associations. Government sponsors of the campaign are - the Federal Ministry of the Interior (BMI); - the Federal Ministry for Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth (BMFSFJ); - the Federal Agency for Civic Education (BpB) and the Alliance for Democracy and Tolerance; - the state ministers responsible for sport, via the secretariat of the Conference of Sport Ministers; - and the association of German cities and municipalities, which is a national association of local authorities. The content and aims of the campaign The campaign is based on a strategy and recommendations. The most important target group is sport clubs. Because roughly half of all 16- to 25-year-olds are active in sport clubs, organized sport has both a great responsibility and enormous possibilities. Well-organized clubs with committed staff can stop the influence of rightwing extremism in sport. They can also help to fight right-wing extremism in society by creating an atmosphere in sport association which respects human dignity and promotes volunteering, democracy and participation among young people. 2 With this in mind, the campaign focuses in particular on o increasing awareness in sport clubs, so that they recognize right-wing extremist attempts to influence and infiltrate their organizations; o mobilizing sport clubs to take a public stand against right-wing extremism and discrimination, also in their statutes; to take action against right-wing extremist phenomena; and to work at prevention, especially with young people; o rendering advise to sport clubs. Recommendations for action which have already been carried out or are now to be gradually implemented include the following: · a website launched in March of this year (www.sport-mit-courage.de); it contains information, especially tailored to sport, on right-wing extremism and how to fight it, and offers online advice; points of contact in sport associations : All 16 federal state sports associations already have now all the sports federations and at least the major sport clubs should designate a point of contact; and creating advising structures within the sports federations and training staff · · Advisory network and recommendations for action To coordinate and promote the implementation of the recommendations for action an advisory network was created; its members include the campaign sponsors and additional actors. Giving the campaign a face Prominent athletes help provide publicity for this joint campaign by appearing in public advertisements, on posters and postcards and in spots. The aim is to publicize the campaign and its aims and to draw on successful athletes as role models, to motivate people to take action against right-wing extremism and discrimination. All the information about the campaign and materials are available at www.vereint-gegen-rechtsextremismus.de 3 4 Juillet 2012 NATIONS UNIES HAUT COMMISSARIAT AUX DROITS DE L'HOMME « Expériences et bonnes pratiques relatives à la lutte contre toutes les formes de racisme, discrimination raciale et xénophobie dans le domaine du sport et utilisation du sport comme outil de promotion, d'intégration et de dialogue interculturel ». ______________________________ La Principauté de Monaco porte un grand intérêt au domaine du sport, notamment en raison de l'impulsion donnée par son Souverain, ancien sportif de haut niveau. Une attention particulière est accordée à la lutte contre le racisme et la xénophobie et à la thématique du sport au service de la paix et du développement, par le biais d'actions aux niveaux national et international. 1. Actions au niveau national La Principauté s'implique dans la promotion du dialogue interculturel et de la paix à travers la pratique sportive par le biais de politiques publiques, de participations à des événements et des projets développant les notions d'éducation, de santé, de paix, de fraternité, de respect de l'autre et de tolérance. Monaco accueille chaque année, sous le Haut-Patronage de S.A.S. le Prince Souverain, le Forum international de l'association monégasque Peace and Sport, dont la mission est de « promouvoir la paix durable en sensibilisant les populations et en éduquant la jeunesse à la paix par les valeurs structurantes du sport ». Ce Forum permet de réunir en un même lieu l'ensemble des décideurs et des leaders mondiaux du sport et de la paix. A cet égard, dans le cadre de « l'Accord international portant création de l'Université pour la Paix » auquel Monaco est Partie, un partenariat entre Peace and Sport, l'Université Internationale de Monaco (UIM) et l'Université pour la Paix des Nations Unies (UPEACE) a été établi afin de permettre la création, en Principauté, du « Master pour la Paix durable à travers le Sport ». 1 En outre, Monaco organise régulièrement de nombreuses manifestations caritatives à but humanitaire ayant le sport pour base, telles que : le Show Beach Soccer, dont les recettes ont été partagées entre les associations « Fight Aids Monaco » et « Un sourire, un espoir pour la vie » ; la rencontre de football annuelle, à l'occasion du Grand Prix de Formule 1, opposant les personnalités de la Star Team for Children à une équipe composée de pilotes de Formule 1, au profit de l'association AMADE. Par ailleurs, des Comités d'éducation à la santé et à la citoyenneté ont été créés dans les lycées et collèges avec pour objectif de définir et mettre en place des actions d'éducation et de prévention des conduites à risque dans le domaine de la santé (dépendances, négligence) et de la citoyenneté (violence, discrimination, intolérance). Cette politique d'éducation au respect et à la tolérance est renforcée par la défense des droits des personnes handicapées à prendre part à des activités sportives. Ainsi, une journée des Sports Adaptés, organisée par l'association internationale « Special Olympics », est organisée chaque année et réunit de nombreuses délégations qui se mesurent dans différentes disciplines individuelles ou collectives. Special Olympics a pour objectif de changer des vies grâce au pouvoir du sport, en encourageant et en accompagnant les personnes atteintes d'handicaps intellectuels en incitant à la tolérance pour tous et en facilitant la compréhension et le respect à travers le monde. En tant qu'Ambassadrice mondiale et membre du Comité Directeur International de Special Olympics, S.A.S. la Princesse Charlène de Monaco a à coeur de défendre ce mouvement synonyme d'intégration et de respect des différences. 2. Actions au niveau international Au sein des Nations Unies, l'enclin porté par Monaco à la thématique du sport au service de la paix, de la tolérance et du dialogue interculturel, lui a permis d'accéder le 26 mai 2010 à la co-présidence du Groupe des amis du sport pour le développement et la paix, prenant ainsi la relève de la Suisse. En sa qualité de co-Président de ce Groupe, la Délégation de Monaco auprès de l'Organisation des Nations Unies a été amenée, lors de la 65ème session de l'Assemblée générale, à conduire les négociations du projet de résolution intitulé « Le sport comme moyen de promouvoir l'éducation, la santé, le développement et la paix » en partenariat avec la Délégation tunisienne. Ce projet de résolution a été adopté le 18 octobre 2010, par consensus, en recueillant un très grand nombre de co-auteurs. Par la suite, le 19 septembre 2010, S.A.S. le Prince Souverain a reçu, à l'occasion de la cérémonie « Millenium Development Goals Awards », le Trophée des Nations Unies pour Son implication en faveur de la paix par le sport et les efforts accomplis pour contribuer à la réalisation de Objectifs du Millénaire pour le Développement (OMD) grâce au sport. 2 Le 20 septembre 2010, dans le cadre du Sommet des Nations Unies sur les OMD, S.A.S. le Prince Souverain a participé à une table ronde ayant pour thème « La valeur du sport en tant qu'outil de développement ». Il a prononcé une intervention à cette occasion, rappelant la vocation du sport à rapprocher les peuples et la nécessité de prendre en compte le sport dans la définition des stratégies et politiques de développement. Par ailleurs, la Principauté de Monaco a adhéré à l'Accord partiel élargi sur le sport (APES) du Conseil de l'Europe, au sein duquel elle soutient les différentes initiatives tendant à promouvoir l'éducation, la santé et l'éthique dans le sport. Il convient de relever, dans ce cadre, la participation de Monaco à la Conférence de Londres en 2011 organisée par l'APES dont le thème était « European Women and Sport ». Monaco est également Partie depuis 2004 à la Convention européenne sur la violence et les débordements de spectateurs lors de manifestations sportives notamment de matches de football (Strasbourg, le 19 août 1985). 3. L'aide au développement S'agissant du domaine de la coopération au développement, le Gouvernement Princier soutient actuellement deux projets en Afrique utilisant l'attractivité et les valeurs du sport pour promouvoir l'intégration sociale, l'éducation et l'insertion professionnelle des jeunes les plus défavorisés. En Tunisie, le projet intitulé « Sport et handicap : pour une meilleure insertion des personne en situation de handicap », mené en partenariat avec Handicap International, veille à la mise en place d'une série d'activités dans l'objectif de permettre aux personnes handicapées d'avoir une pratique physique et sportive régulière et adaptée pour leur développement, leur garantissant ainsi une meilleure insertion sociale. Au Sénégal, le Gouvernement Princier appuie la Fédération Sénégalaise de Rugby qui souhaite développer des clubs dans les quartiers populaires avec le double objectif de diffuser la pratique de ce sport et de ses valeurs, et d'aider les jeunes dans leur intégration professionnelle. 3 Experiences and best practices for Combating Racism Through Sport at International, Regional, National and Local Levels The state of Qatar had expressed its support to combat any practice of racism and discrimination between people by ratifying several UN conventions against racism such as the 1965 International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination which the state of Qatar had ratified in 1976 and the 1973 International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid that was ratified in 1975, and the most recently Qatar had ratified the 1979 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. On an international level, Qatar had supported and ratified many international declarations and treaties that combat any form of discrimination and racism. In regards to sports, the state had ratified the 1985 International Convention against Apartheid in Sports. Qatar has undertaken the issue of racism in consideration and guaranteed combating racisms in its national constitution and vision (QNV2030) and that had reflected on all level of the country's activities and practices, including sports. The national constitution that was emended in 2003 and put into action in 2004, states clearly in article 35 that "All persons are equal before the law and there shall be no discrimination whatsoever on grounds of sex, race, language, or religion". The constitution lays the basic foundations of the society, regulates the State's authorities, embodies the public participation in governance and ensures the rights and freedom of Qatari citizens. The Qatar National Vision 2030, which was introduced in 2008 as the main vision of the country's development and achievements, is built on a society that promotes justice, benevolence and equality. The Vision embodies the principles of the Permanent Constitution which: · · · Protects public and personal freedoms; Promotes moral and religious values and traditions; and, Guarantees security, stability and equal opportunities. The Vision emphasized that its desired social development must consider the sponsorship and support of dialogue among civilization by promoting coexistence between different religions and cultures. Based on the national constitution and the National Vision 2030, Sport practice in Qatar is open to all nationalities. In fact, not only is it accessible to amateurs of all origins but even the high level athletes of Qatar come from different backgrounds and origins. Even though racial discrimination in sport is not an issue in Qatar, the issue is addressed by the Qatar Olympic Committee. This organization is the main coordinator of sports practice in Qatar. Founded in 1979, its motto is to make Qatar a "leading nation in bridging the world together through sports".1 The mission of the Qatar Olympic Committee is to put sport and physical recreation activity everywhere in Qatar so as to have harmonious development of men and women in a true Olympic spirit and in accordance with the Olympic Charter2 In its strategic framework, QOC commits to promote access to sports for all, to take action against all forms of discrimination and violence, to encourage the sense of understanding, love and friendship among youth through sports, to strengthen ties of friendship and respect among the Qatari athletes and their counterpart in other nations.3 1 2 http://www.olympic.qa/en/AboutQOC/Pages/Our-Vision.aspx http://www.olympic.qa/en/AboutQOC/Pages/StrategicFramework.aspx 3 http://www.olympic.qa/en/AboutQOC/Pages/StrategicFramework.aspx On a local level, QOC is building and supporting community programs across the country to promote the participation and enjoyment of sport by all generation's 4.also the National and local sport teams in Qatar consist of players from different nationalities and backgrounds. The QOC has also an educational mission to promote ethical values and principles in the community. To achieve this goal they have a Cultural and Educational program addressed to the youth. Its main goal is to use sports in bettering the Qatari society and teaching values of respect, equality, peace etc.5 Qatar is also the host of many international tournaments such as the AFC Asian Cup in 2011, 2015 Handball World Cup, FIFA 2022 etc. The QOC through those events is also applying its vision and objectives. By doing so it's playing a role in promoting its values internationally and locally. 4 5 http://www.olympic.qa/en/Community/Pages/Olympic-Community-Programs.aspx http://www.olympic.qa/en/Community/Pages/Qatar-Olympic-Cultural-and-Education-Program.aspx INFORMATION on the implementation of the national activities in reference to tolerance, fair play, non-discrimination and integrity of sport in the Republic of Slovenia The Republic of Slovenia is pleased to present its activities regarding the question of the integrity of sport in the last two decades as follows: 1. Sport and health ­ The government of the Republic of Slovenia started in 2008 to implement the Strategy in the Area of Physical Activity for the Promotion of Health adopted in 2007, which endorsed measures for healthy lifestyles of the Slovenian Citizens from early childhood up to old senior ages. The strategy has been aiming at the fight against obesity and increased inactivity of the citizens due to modern technology lifestyles. This activity is combined with the healthy nutrition and diet campaigns brought forward also by the Government of the RS within the designed strategy of the European Union. Slovenia actively participated in the preparation of the so called "European Guidelines for Physical Education" which are due to be put in place by the end of November 2008. It is a political and practical document giving guidelines to various institutions and organisations at all levels on how to increase physical activity of all groups of society form pre- school period through schooling period up to the senior citizens. 2. Sport tolerance and Fair Play - Through the activities of The Slovenian Ambassador for Sport, Tolerance and Fair Play, Mr. Miroslav Cerar, and the Slovenian Olympic Academy we have been since 1997 implementing annual programmes in the area of fight against violence, discrimination, social exclusion, mutual understanding and intercultural and interreligious dialogue within sports movement (associations and clubs) as well as within the extracurricular and in some cases also in the curricular activities in the Slovenian primary and secondary schools. Funds for that purpose have been provided mostly from the central budget and a small proportion form the Foundation for the financing of sport organisations (money from games of chance). 3. The S.P.O.R.T.I.C.U.S Project ­ The main aim has been to give full recognition and promotion of socially responsible role of sport and the main goal has been split into two parts: a. Overall goal: Development Education based on SPORTIKUS principles that follow MDGs School for Life, Play Fair, Obey the Rules, Respect Others, Tolerate and Appreciate, Improve Your Skills, Know the Limits, Unite in Fun, Support Green Sport b. Specific goals: Sustainable development of and through sport Raising awareness on social role of sport Empowerment of youth Educational quality standards Advocacy (social justice, human rights, conflict resolution, global citizenship, social-ecology) Agenda 21 and United Nations MDGs (among others) are common humanity declarations that need to be adapted to our everyday life by each individual. Sport, as a physical activity, and as play and game is common human activity as well, and very attractive to children and youth especially. Sport embodies a value system, and as such sport can be regarded as a symbol of life in general; a school of and for life. The structure of the game (rules, roles, values, goals, meanings etc.) gives us the opportunity to address very serious and very real problems of social and environmental nature in a convenient context, and through the attractive sport and sport related activities. The core idea of Sportikus has been to promote physical activity in a socially responsible manner. In fact, the goal is to recognize our mutual dependency, our environmental responsibilities and our own social reproduction or recreation through sport. Therefore the reflection on sport is needed, and the phenomena in sport are to be translated and compared to real world situations. Playing fair for example is not only a value in sport, the same is for respect, tolerance, and other given issues. It is very easy and relatively safe (game context, play attitude) to show and experience the lack of those values when playing sport or competing. The main event of the campaign is the annual gathering of all the citizens of the Republic of Slovenia at the sport for all event called "The Heart of Sport ­ The Day of Fair Play" were all participants are "all different and all equal". 4. Fair Play Call of the Month Each month of the year people from sport (players, coaches, teachers, spectators etc.) can send a proposal for Fair Play award. Expert commission critically examines the cases and then publicly announce the "winner." Objectives: - Promotion of common moral values of sport in public by the exposition of (sports) persons involved in the action, that is worth of exposure. - Mobilization of the 'sports world' to recognize the moral (fair play) nature of sport (not only competitive, achievement oriented) and so to stimulate the positive sport experience. - Restoration of the value balance between the competitive outcome (result) and spirit of the sport. - Opposition to the media exposition of the non-sportsmanship cases. Redirecting the public attention also to positive acts that are worth following them. - Public and media attention was gained as anticipated. 5. The collection of educational publications: So far the following educational kits have been published: - Fair play kit for young athletes - Doping? No, thanks! The aim of the kits was to provide athletes, parents and coaches with didactical tools to address common moral values of sport. The distribution of publications was supported by national funds and was free of charge for targeted groups, if followed by workshop or other educational activity. 6. Fair Play School The project has aimed at learning European social values that ensure basic social safety, communication and democratic cohabitation through sport. It has been in accordance with declarations and strategies of EU Council and UNESCO. Efficient informal learning has been done through carefully considered workshops and lectures that promote multiculturalism, tolerance, social inclusion with positive discrimination, and personal actualization. Special modules of Sport Ethics Seminar have been designed for PE teachers, and Coaches. Objectives: - Informal education and youth empowerment for active participation in social dialogue. - Social animation and ethical sensibilization through moral dilemmas in sport. - Education for tolerance and nonviolent communication. - Focusing on positive sports values - Restoration of the value balance between the competitive outcome (result) and spirit of the sport. - Promotion of proper fan culture, sport without doping and other drugs. - Inclusion of PE teachers, coaches, and parents as multipliers of social values. More then 20 workshops of Fair Play school have been introduced in so far at primary and secondary school level, as well as for the coaches, trainers and parents. 7. European Fair Play Song In 2003 the Council of Europe adopted, on the proposal of the Republic of Slovenia, the "European Fair Play Song" originally written and composed by Adi Smolar and in English version adapted by Aleksander Mezek, a songwriter and composer living and working in London. The song is traditionally played just before the beginning of sports matches and other competitions and sports events to remind spectators, supporters and other general public of the important social values of tolerance, fair play and mutual understanding. Département fédéral des affaires étrangères DFAE Berne, le 9 juillet 2012 Réponse suisse au questionnaire en relation avec le rapport de la 9 session du Groupe de travail intergouvernemental concernant la mise en oeuvre effective de la Déclaration et du Programme d'action de Durban sur le racisme dans le sport. e 1. Situation et mesures prises en Suisse Ces dernières années, des cas de violence verbale à caractère raciste et antisémite ont été signalés dans les stades suisses. De toute évidence, les clubs de supporters comptent parmi leurs membres des extrémistes de droite. Ces incidents ont poussé les autorités à agir contre le racisme, notamment dans le football. Les principales mesures ont été prises pendant l'EURO 2008, qui s'est tenu en Suisse et en Autriche. Certaines de ces initiatives ont été poursuivies après l'EURO 2008. Le Service de lutte contre le racisme (SLR) de la Confédération finance un grand nombre de projets de prévention du racisme dans les manifestations et au sein des associations sportives. Il a en outre publié une brochure intitulée « La xénophobie et le racisme chez les supporters de football et de hockey sur glace ». Dans le cadre du Programme national de recherche PNR 40+ « Extrémisme de droite - causes et contre-mesures », un projet a été consacré aux stades en tant que lieux de recrutement et de rassemblement des extrémistes de droite. Une collaboration entre le SLR et l'Office fédéral du sport (OFSPO) a débouché en 2005 sur la parution d'une brochure intitulée « La xénophobie et le racisme chez les supporters de football et de hockey sur glace ». En 2008, fancoaching suisse et l'OFSPO ont publié conjointement « Les supporters et leur encadrement en Suisse: état des lieux ». L'année suivante, l'OFSPO a fondé le Centre de compétences Intégration par le sport (CIS), dont le but premier est d'ancrer durablement la question de l'intégration dans le domaine du sport et de l'encouragement des activités sportives, tout en favorisant l'accès des migrants au sport et aux activités physiques. Cela nécessite de donner aux migrants les moyens de participer, en supprimant les barrières structurelles et en sensibilisant les acteurs des domaines sociaux en question (activités physiques, sport, migration, intégration, santé, formation). Créé en 2009, le Centre de compétences soutient des projets visant à l'intégration des migrants dans et par le sport. Certaines de ces initiatives ont pour objet de prévenir le racisme et les discriminations dans le milieu du sport. Depuis 2009, 37 projets ont bénéficié d'un financement, pour un montant total de 271 150 francs. En 2012, 19 projets supplémentaires devraient être subventionnés. Le document en annexe recense les initiatives soutenues par le SLR et présentant un lien direct avec la lutte contre le racisme. Grâce au soutien du SLR, plusieurs associations ont uni leurs forces en 2009 pour former FARE Réseau Suisse, qui coordonne les activités de lutte contre le racisme dans le milieu du football (avec la possibilité d'étendre ses activités à d'autres sports). Cette antenne suisse de Football contre le racisme en Europe ambitionne de lutter contre le racisme et toutes les formes de discrimination dans le football professionnel et amateur. Son but est de montrer à un large public que les discriminations n'ont pas leur place dans les manifestations sportives. FARE encourage les acteurs du milieu du sport à agir contre le racisme et les autres formes de discrimination, afin de faire disparaître ce fléau des stades. Le réseau intervient principalement dans le milieu du football, qui est le sport le plus répandu en Suisse, mais peut étendre ses activités à d'autres sports. 2. Projets soutenus par le Centre de compétences Intégration par le sport (CIS) Compétence transculturelle dans le sport: Start Up, Teamplay et Teamspirit. Les clubs sportifs rassemblant des membres issus de différents pays et cultures, il existe un fort potentiel de xénophobie et de racisme. Un projet en trois volets proposé par Caritas a pour but d'encourager les efforts des clubs de foot en matière de prévention des conflits interculturels. Le cours StartUp forme des coachs J&S afin de faire augmenter le nombre de migrants dans les associations sportives. Le cours « Teamplay » s'adresse aux entraîneurs de football et se compose de quatre modules portant sur les compétences transculturelles, la communication, les dynamiques de groupe, les tensions et les conflits. Enfin, le cours « Teamspirit » est mené avec les entraîneurs et leurs équipes. Subdivisé en deux modules « fairness », il aborde les questions de fairplay, d'esprit d'équipe et d'engagement sportif. Teamspirit : compétences transculturelles dans le milieu du sport. Malgré tous les efforts fournis dans ce domaine, il arrive encore que les terrains de football soient le théâtre d'affrontements violents. Les comportements agressifs sont particulièrement répandus dans les équipes juniors. Insultes proférées à l'encontre d'autres joueurs, pratiques de jeu déloyales, bagarres et violences contre les arbitres sont monnaie courante et sont souvent dues à des tensions entre les joueurs locaux et étrangers et des différends entre les équipes suisses et internationales. Le cours sur l'esprit d'équipe, qui a pour but de sensibiliser et de former les entraîneurs et les équipes de football à ces problèmes, se compose de deux modules portant sur la prévention de la violence et le fairplay. Football for Sustainable Social Development : Swiss Minor SCI est une organisation de migrants dont le but est de favoriser les rencontres entre Suisses et migrants par l'intermédiaire du sport. Swiss Minor organise des activités dans des écoles, présente des jeux africains à des élèves suisses et informe les enfants issus de la migration sur les possibilités existantes en matière d'activités sportives. Une journée spéciale a été organisée à Bienne dans le cadre de la semaine d'action FARE 2011. Réseau FARE Suisse : dans le football amateur, les associations de migrants sont nombreuses. De même, les étrangers sont globalement surreprésentés dans les clubs. Le football a ainsi une importante fonction d'intégration, tant que les migrants ne sont pas confrontés à des discriminations. Les semaines d'action fournissent aux associations une plate-forme leur permettant de prendre position publiquement contre le racisme. A travers cette initiative et la 2 passion commune pour le football, des ONG pourront faire passer leur message aux migrants et, par l'intermédiaire du sport, affronter des défis sociaux. Semaine d'actions contre le racisme 2012 : le projet consiste à proposer aux écoles, aux centres de loisirs et aux clubs sportifs, et plus particulièrement aux personnes enseignant la gymnastique ou aux entraîneurs, 20 jeux de chasubles permettant d'organiser des activités pédagogiques en lien avec la lutte contre le racisme. Ce projet fait suite à la Semaine d'actions contre le racisme organisée par le BLI, qui s'est tenue en 2011 à Lausanne. Il a permis à la Ville d'entamer un travail suivi de prévention du racisme dans le sport. Ce projet de chasubles fait le lien entre les Semaines d'actions contre le racisme de 2011 et de 2012. 3. Projets soutenus par le Service de lutte contre le racisme (SLR) Voir le point 1 ci-dessus et l'annexe. 3 Numéro d'autorisation 05A029 Nom du projet Tous o Foot 2005 Nom de l'organisme Association Culturelle Kasaï (ACK) Somme accordée Bref descriptif pour le site Internet Canton Et 04A024 Tous o Foot Association Culturelle Kasaï (ACK) 05A051 « Tous ensemble on est plus sport » lors des journées sportives des écoles de la Tour-de-Peilz LICRA 1000.00 Compte tenu du succès de la VD première édition de cette manifestation sportive et face à l'engouement et à la demande populaire, l'Association Culturelle Kasaï (ACK) a décidé de faire de ce tournoi de football un événement annuel incontournable de sensibilisation contre le racisme. De cette manière, le promoteur veut apporter sa pierre à la lutte contre les fléaux que sont le racisme, l'exclusion et l'intolérance. 2500.00 Compte tenu du succès de la VD première édition de cette manifestation sportive et face à l'engouement et à la demande populaire, l'Association Culturelle Kasaï (ACK) a décidé de faire de ce tournoi de football un événement annuel incontournable de sensibilisation contre le racisme. De cette manière, le promoteur veut apporter sa pierre à la lutte contre les fléaux que sont le racisme, l'exclusion et l'intolérance. 5000.00 Ce projet consiste à mener une action VD de sensibilisation contre le racisme et l'antisémitisme en marge de la journée sportive des écoles de la Tour-de-Peilz. L'idée de cette action est née du dialogue entre la Municipalité et la Licra sur les mesures à prendre suite à la profanation du cimetière israélite de la Tour-de-Peilz. Pendant la matinée de C C C 06A011 « Tous ensemble, on est plus sport ! » à Graine de foot 2006 LICRA 09B041 Réseau FARE Suisse Réseau FARE Suisse sensibilisation, des t-shirts sont distribués aux 1250 élèves participants au cross. Dans l'aprèsmidi, les promoteurs organisent une discussion sur le thème du racisme et de l'antisémitisme au sein de chaque classe. Pour les élèves plus âgés, la projection d'un film précède la discussion. Parallèlement, la LICRA tient un stand d'animation durant toute la journée. 4000.00 A l'occasion d'un tournoi de football VD qui réunit près de 5000 enfants (9 à 12 ans) de 40 nationalités différentes sur 16 sites répartis sur l'ensemble du canton de Vaud, la LICRA-Vaud réalise un travail de prévention tant auprès des enfants que de leurs entraîneurs. Diverses activités sont organisées sur les sites (intervenants du monde du football, activités créatrices, dialogue avec les jeunes, etc.). Le travail de sensibilisation met l'accent sur la lutte contre le racisme, la tolérance et l'esprit d'équipe. 60 000.00 Ce projet poursuit deux objectifs : BE tisser un réseau réunissant clubs sportifs, groupes de supporters, services spécialisés et personnes intéressées, afin de garantir que les organisateurs de manifestations de lutte contre le racisme dans et autour du sport échangent expériences et connaissances ; créer un service de conseil et de consultation professionnel destiné aux institutions oeuvrant dans le milieu du sport et aux groupes de supporters. Celui-ci aurait également pour mission de soutenir et C C 08B002 Bunt kickt gut EM 08 INFOCLIC.CH ­ Promotion de l'enfance et de la jeunesse en Suisse de coordonner les campagnes ­ notamment la Semaine d'actions annuelle FARE en Suisse ­ et de mettre au point, en collaboration avec gggfon, un système de signalement des incidents racistes et discriminatoires survenus dans le sport. « Buntkicktgut » est une ligue de foot BE de rue ouverte et interculturelle, qui entend favoriser l'intégration des jeunes migrants grâce au sport. Pour diverses raisons, nombre de jeunes Suisses et étrangers peinent à avoir accès aux clubs. « Buntkicktgut » réserve donc aux enfants et aux adolescents ­ en particulier aux migrants de sexe masculin âgés entre 8 et 21 ans ­ une offre facile d'accès : la participation est gratuite et les jeunes décident eux-mêmes de la composition des équipes et de l'investissement dans les entraînements. Ce projet leur permet de découvrir des structures semblables à celles des clubs et de s'engager dans une communauté. De plus, ce programme s'inscrit dans la durée et renforce ainsi sensiblement l'identification des jeunes avec l'équipe et au sein de la ligue, ce qui favorise leur responsabilisation vis-àvis de la ligue en matière de fair-play. Pa fin 06B032 KgRass (Koordiniert gegen Rassismus) INFOCLIC.CH ­ Promotion de l'enfance et de la jeunesse en Suisse 02B010 Mit Sport gegen Spott Arbeitsgruppe für Menschenrechte (groupe de travail pour les droits humains, Fondation Mintegra) 20 000.00 Ce projet réunit différents acteurs SO travaillant avec les jeunes (activités de jeunesse en milieu ouvert, activités de jeunesse dans le cadre associatif et sport) de quatre communes et les encourage à développer et à mener à bien des projets communs visant à sensibiliser les participants au racisme. Les jeunes apprennent ainsi à s'identifier avec leur commune et à faire preuve de courage civique. Ces projets leur permettent également de nouer des contacts avec des camarades issus d'origines différentes et ne partageant pas les mêmes centres d'intérêt. Ils sont mis en oeuvre sous forme de projet pilote, puis présentés au public au terme de cette phase. Les autres communes peuvent alors reprendre les meilleurs projets. 14 000.00 Apprendre à se connaître à travers SG des jeux communs, des activités sportives et des expériences partagées, qui visent sciemment à démonter les préjugés et à lutter contre le racisme. Les enfants et adolescents sont ainsi amenés à aborder la question de l'égalité entre les êtres humains sur un mode ludique, les jeux choisis favorisant l'apprentissage de la tolérance, du respect et de règles. C C 09B032 Teamspirit Caritas Suisse 08B006 Compétence transculturelle Caritas Lucerne, service de médiation dans le sport interculturelle 15 000.00 Lorsque les responsables des clubs LU de football sont interrogés sur les raisons à l'origine des conflits dans leur sport, ils citent souvent les tensions régnant non seulement entre les joueurs, mais également entre les équipes locales et étrangères. En Suisse, les présidents de tous les clubs font preuve d'ouverture et d'intérêt pour les programmes visant à prévenir la violence et à favoriser la communication interculturelle. Face à l'ampleur de la demande, 30 nouvelles sessions de formation au fair-play ont été organisées avec des équipes de football. Sur le plan stratégique, le projet entend parvenir à intégrer ces modules à l'offre de base de l'Association suisse de football. 10 000.00 Le potentiel de xénophobie et de SO racisme est fort dans les clubs sportifs qui rassemblent des membres issus de différents pays et cultures. Un projet en trois volets proposé par Caritas a pour but d'encourager les efforts des clubs de foot en matière de prévention des conflits interculturels. Le cours StartUp forme des coachs J&S pour attirer plus de migrants dans les associations sportives. Le cours « Teamplay » s'adresse aux entraîneurs de football et se compose de quatre modules portant sur les compétences transculturelles, la communication, les dynamiques de groupe, les tensions et les conflits. Enfin, le cours « Teamspirit » est mené avec les entraîneurs et leurs C C équipes. Subdivisé en deux modules « fairness », il aborde les questions de fairplay, d'esprit d'équipe et d'engagement sportif. 06B041 kick racism Les Pieds à Gilles, Association de Footbageurs 5000.00 Dans le cadre du lancement du VD tournoi européen de footbag, qui a réuni 300 jeunes provenant de toute l'Europe à Lausanne le 2 juin 2006, la lutte contre le racisme a constitué un axe majeur. Le footbag est une nouvelle discipline sportive qui contribue à promouvoir la coexistence pacifique dans un jeu d'équipe. En jouant au footbag, personne n'est exclu, mais chacun est intégré à l'équipe. Les jeunes ont été sensibilisés à la thématique du racisme par le port de T-shirts "kick racism" et des stands d'information organisés par la LICRA. Des personnalités ont apporté également le message de l'importance de l'engagement citoyen des jeunes contre le racisme. C 08B022 Teamplay Caritas Suisse 06B032 KgRass (Koordiniert gegen Rassismus) Promotion de la jeunesse du canton de Soleure 25 000.00 Avec ce projet, Caritas Suisse entend LU former les entraîneurs des équipes juniors de football des régions d'Argovie, de Bâle, des Grisons et de Zurich à la promotion de l'intégration et à la lutte contre le racisme dans le sport. Les participants apprendront à mieux gérer les conflits interculturels au sein d'une même équipe et entre équipes différentes. Ce cours repose principalement sur les thématiques suivantes : communication et dynamique de groupe, origines des conflits, promotion d'un climat constructif au sein d'une même équipe et entre équipes différentes et renforcement des compétences interculturelles. 20 000.00 Ce projet réunit différents acteurs SO travaillant avec les jeunes (activités de jeunesse en milieu ouvert, activités de jeunesse dans le cadre associatif et sport) de quatre communes et les encourage à développer et à mener à bien des projets communs visant à sensibiliser les participants au racisme. Les jeunes apprennent ainsi à s'identifier avec leur commune et à faire preuve de courage civique. Ces projets leur permettent également de nouer des contacts avec des camarades issus d'origines différentes et ne partageant pas les mêmes centres d'intérêt. Ils sont mis en oeuvre sous forme de projet pilote, puis présentés au public au terme de cette phase. Les autres communes peuvent alors reprendre les meilleurs projets. C C 07B044 Du noir/blanc à l'arc-en-ciel Montreux Hockey Events 08B025 Euro 2008 Genève, Streetkick event against racism LICRA 10 000.00 Le comité d'organisation du VD Championnat du Monde de RinkHockey à Montreux (juin 2007) thématise le racisme dans le milieu sportif en participant à la campagne de jeunesse « Tous différents-Tous égaux ». L'animation « Du noir/blanc à l'arc-en-ciel » rappelle l'importance du respect de l'autre dans sa différence. Lors d'un atelier créatif et de sensibilisation sur le thème du racisme dans le sport sont réalisées deux oeuvres artistiques géantes qui sont conçues par plus de 500 participants - élèves de 9 à 13 ans et leurs enseignants, les organisateurs et les sportifs venus de 16 pays différents. Une des deux oeuvres est conservée sous forme d'édifice à Montreux pour témoigner de cet engagement. Ces actions de prévention sont développées avec l'appui de professionnels engagés dans cette thématique. 5000.00 Le projet prévoit la mise sur pied de GE différentes activités de prévention contre le racisme dans le sport lors de l'Eurofoot 2008, notamment par des tournois de Streetkick (tournois de football pour les fans) et par des ateliers de prévention et d'information. Ces ateliers sont basés sur des modules déjà expérimentés dans le domaine scolaire et sont animés par du personnel formé à la thématique du racisme. C C 10B046 Semaine d'actions contre le Bureau lausannois pour l'intégration racisme 2011 des immigrés 12B005 Carton rouge au racisme & Le sport intègre FC Lucerne, en collaboration avec le bureau de l'intégration de la ville de Lucerne 01C016 Monde de Couleurs: Rencontres interculturelles Association Monde de Couleurs 20 000.00 La Semaine d'actions contre le VD racisme organisée par le Bureau lausannois pour l'intégration des immigrés est axée sur le sport. Du théâtre-forum dans des classes d'étudiants en sport à la conférence en présence de fédérations sportives internationales, la dizaine d'actions proposées entend varier les perspectives, les partenaires et les publics. Ainsi, le BLI développera des collaborations inédites avec le réseau de la capitale olympique, dont le Musée olympique dans le cadre de l'exposition Hope. 5000.00 Le sport ­ et notamment le football ­ LU sont des terrains de choix pour la lutte contre le racisme et les discriminations. Le projet répond aux exigences fixées pour l'octroi de subventions et est intégré à la Semaine d'actions contre le racisme. Il est en outre patronné par le Conseil communal (avant-propos dans la gazette du match) et bénéficie du gage de qualité qu'offre le réseau FARE. Fort d'une longue expérience, celui-ci garantit de surcroît le transfert des connaissances. Compte tenu du public aussi nombreux que varié qu'il réunira, cet événement aura un effet multiplicateur considérable. 30 000.00 L'objectif de ce projet est d'organiser JU une semaine d'activités qui met en évidence l'importance de l'échange interculturel et de la prise en compte de la dimension éthique de ces contacts. Diverses manifestations sont prévues : cinéma, tournois C D C 02C039 Projet des supporters zurichois ProFAN 03C009 Projet des supporters bâlois Association Fanprojekt Basel sportifs multiculturels par les scolaires, deux soirées Worldmusic, grand-marché pour deux jours avec animations, productions et théâtre, expos d'artistes du Sud. Lors de ces manifestations, la thématique du racisme sera traitée de manière centrale en mettant en évidence les dangers de la non intégration. 200 000.00 Les jeunes supporters zurichois se ZH voient proposer un service d'accueil, dans lequel ils peuvent exprimer leurs souhaits personnels et trouver l'aide nécessaire pour développer une structure identitaire positive. On distingue trois volets : le travail collectif avec les supporters (offres pédagogiques axées sur l'expérience, sport, culture), le travail individuel avec les supporters (conseil, répartition) et le travail de lobbying (médiation, recherche). Dans ce cadre, sont également lancées des activités concrètes portant sur le racisme, qui intègrent des jeunes d'extrême droite. 200 000.00 Ce projet vise à lutter contre la BS violence lors des manifestations sportives, qu'elle soit d'ordre raciste ou non, et à promouvoir une culture des supporters positive. Il entend également éviter que les supporters potentiellement violents ne tombent dans des groupuscules belliqueux, au sein desquels les extrémistes de droite aiment à venir recruter de nouveaux membres. Fondé sur le principe de l'animation jeunesse en milieu ouvert, le projet renforce les C C ressources positives des supporters grâce à son travail collectif et individuel, de même qu'à ses activités de loisirs, de formation et de relations publiques. 10R003 Campagne de prévention contre le racisme à travers le sport Ecole professionnelle pour sportifs d'élite (SPSE, CPC Bellinzone) 13 000.00 Réalisation d'une campagne de TI prévention contre le racisme dans une école pour sportifs d'élite. Sous la direction de quelques professeurs, un groupe de cinq étudiants souhaite aborder, dans le cadre d'une campagne, le rôle du sport dans la prévention contre le racisme. Le projet a deux objectifs : familiariser les étudiants avec la préparation d'une campagne éducative et apporter une contribution, grâce au film qui sera réalisé, à la prévention contre le racisme. Le film sera accessible à travers différents canaux (présentation en classe, spot télé, version en ligne) à d'autres étudiants et au grand public. La distribution du film est le fruit d'une collaboration avec l'Institut universitaire fédéral pour la formation professionnelle (IUFFP). Cette collaboration garantit la présentation du film au sein même des écoles. C Federal Commission against Racism FCR Report of the Federal Commission against Racism FCR on the second Universal Periodic Review of Switzerland The FCR is an extra-parliamentary commission established by the Swiss government (Federal Council) following its ratification of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination ICERD in 1995. The remit of the Federal Commission against Racism FCR is «to concern itself with racial discrimination, to work towards promoting better understanding between persons of different race, colour, origin, religion, national or ethnic background, and to combat all forms of direct or indirect racial discrimination, attaching particular importance to effective prevention» (Mandate of the Federal Council of 23 August 1995). The Commission has 15 members, made up of representatives of the established Swiss churches, minority religious communities, other minority groups, social partners and cantons, as well as experts. Administratively it comes under the umbrella of the Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA, has a secretariat with 2.9 positions and an annual meeting and project budget of CHF 200,000. The FCR is a specialized national human rights institution recognized by the United Nations, the Council of Europe and the OSCE. It has been accorded status C by the International Coordinating Committee for National Human Rights Institutions ICC. It is thus authorized to state an independent opinion on the UPR process and to submit its views to the UN Human Rights Council. The FCR is fulfilling this duty with the present report. Berne, 26 March 2012 Approved by the Plenary Session of the Federal Commission against Racism, 12 March 2012 Text: Doris Angst, Executive Director FCR Address: Federal Commission against Racism FCR Inselgasse 1 3003 Berne Contact persons: Doris Angst, Executive Director, phone: +4131 324 1283; doris.angst@gs-edi.admin.ch Kathrin Buchmann, Deputy Executive Director, phone: +4131 323 3658; kathrin.buchmann@gs-edi.admin.ch 1/7 1 General The FCR will comment on the situation with regard to recommendations which fall directly within the scope of its mandate and a) have been accepted by Switzerland, b) have not been accepted by Switzerland and c) which have not yet been mentioned in a UPR recommendation to Switzerland. 2 2.1 UPR recommendations on racism, xenophobia and discrimination General The FCR welcomes the fact that Switzerland has wholly or partially accepted around two-thirds of more than thirty recommendations, including a large number of recommendations on issues of equality and non-discrimination. This shows that the Swiss authorities are aware that there is a definite need for our country to take action in this area. The FCR recognizes the increased efforts Switzerland is making towards achieving a coherent internal human rights policy, the implementation of which is largely a matter for the 26 Swiss cantons. This makes the inclusion of the cantons in the follow-up process all the more important. 2.2 Recommendation 56.1: Combating xenophobia (Algeria) Brief assessment of the current situation by the FCR The text of the recommendation indicates that Switzerland has already begun to take action to counter xenophobia. This is indeed the case and Switzerland is entitled to point to campaigns and preventive measures in a number of areas. Nevertheless, in the opinion of the FCR, some quite fundamental political considerations require to be addressed here. As things stand today, immigrants to Switzerland who live and work here, people who visit Switzerland as tourists or who seek asylum here, and people of a different skin colour are not accorded adequate protection from xenophobia and racism in certain areas of life. The two phenomena of xenophobia and racism are intertwined, because aggressive comments and behaviour towards such people often only arise from their assumed foreignness. As a consequence, xenophobic actions, subtle acts of exclusion and discrimination or unequal treatment affect both residents and foreign nationals. bis Article 261 of the Swiss Criminal Code, which Switzerland introduced on 1 January 1995 as a 1 precondition of ratifying ICERD, makes it a criminal offence to publicly commit a racist act in a manner that violates human dignity. However, it only covers xenophobia to a limited extent. For instance, asylumseekers are not considered to be an ethnic group. Verbally abusing or excluding asylum-seekers is therefore not categorized as racist behaviour, even though the intention and motivation behind such acts 2 may well be racist in nature . Derogatory and disparaging comments towards certain groups are considered not relevant by the courts. For instance, one judge in a cantonal court ruled that denying bis access to members of "Balkan nations" was not punishable under Article 261 of the Criminal Code, 3 because "Balkan nations" was not an ethnicity . More subtle mechanisms ­ such as exclusion because of a "foreign-sounding" surname ­ are widely tolerated and impede equal opportunities in the housing and labour market. In addition, in Switzerland it is currently possible for politicians to make xenophobic bis statements to a large extent without fear of criminal sanctions. When Article 261 of the Criminal Code is applied, frequently only a single perpetrator ­ a rowdy man outside a bar or a graffiti-daubing youth ­ is punished with a fine. No action is taken, however, against political parties who publish xenophobic or racist advertisements in a newspaper. Recommendation of the FCR bis The FCR advocates wider application of the existing Article 261 of the Criminal Code to actors in the political arena as well. Protection for victims of racial discrimination should be extended. This requires the judicial authorities to take awareness-raising measures. The structural xenophobia which has become acceptable under the influence of right-wing populism must likewise be identified and countered with a variety of measures. The FCR welcomes the fact that the new 2/7 integration measures in the legislation pertaining to aliens enhances protection against discrimination, and that the measures taken in this regard are to be evaluated using existing monitoring mechanisms. The Confederation must require appropriate implementation by the cantons here. However, the FCR recommends that the Confederation does not simply act to ensure protection from discrimination in its policy on aliens, but also strengthens this protection for all Swiss residents. (see Rec. 57.18 below). 2.3 Rec. 56.5: Prevention of violence against foreigners (Nigeria) Brief assessment of the current situation by the FCR Acts of violence are a criminal offence in Switzerland and do not go unpunished. However, excessive use of force by the police with latent racist or xenophobic motivation is a different issue. In the opinion of the FCR, there is a correlation between the lax attitude of the political establishment in Switzerland to xenophobic policies and statements on the one hand and racially motivated acts by private individuals and by officers of law enforcement agencies on the other hand. The different value judgements applied to different sections of the population, e.g. dividing them into desirable and undesirable or criminal and "good" foreigners, or labels such as "bogus asylum-seekers" and the like, form a constant backdrop to public discourse about issues of xenophobia and racism. The FCR recognizes that greater efforts are now being made in cantonal and communal police forces with respect to human rights education, but these are still in their infancy. These efforts must be translated into human rights mainstreaming within law enforcement agencies. Openness and transparency also necessitate complaint mechanisms that allow the actions of law enforcement agencies to be held up to scrutiny. In many cases the investigation and complaints procedures in Swiss cantons are not sufficiently separated. In particular, the practice of police officers immediately responding with a countercharge to an accusation by a private individual should cease. By issuing a countercharge, the state wields its position of power to an undue extent to the disadvantage of the complainant, usually a private individual, and consequently prevents open debate about racist incidents. Recommendation of the FCR 4 In its bulletin TANGRAM No. 26/2010 , the FCR calls on law enforcement agencies at all levels to see themselves more as defenders of human rights who protect people against discrimination than is the case 5 at present. The FCR's recommendations include the following concrete suggestions : Laws governing the duties of law enforcement agencies should explicitly stipulate the obligation for equal treatment and non-discrimination with the framework of respect for human rights. A new perception of law enforcement agencies as defenders against racism should be cultivated and communicated. Particular attention should be paid to the implementation of knowledge about human rights and the prohibition of discrimination in practice. The FCR also recommends establishing independent complaints bodies in all cantons and cities, either parliamentary ombudsman offices or other lower-level complaints bodies that are independent of the police authorities. Racial profiling as a method should be discontinued and explicitly prohibited. Law enforcement agencies should actively communicate their complaints management procedures. Independent statutory bodies for investigating complaints about the actions of law enforcement 6 agencies should be accessible to all. 3/7 2.4 Rec. 57.6: Combating racial discrimination (Egypt) Brief assessment of the current situation by the FCR bis The FCR considers Article 261 of the Swiss Criminal Code against racial discrimination to be adequate ter in many respects. However, since 2000 it has been lobbying for the addition of an Article 261 to provide better protection against right-wing extremist activities, the wearing of insignia and the possession of extremist right-wing materials. Strengthening the criminal law in order to extend protection against rightwing extremism was categorically rejected by the Swiss government in 2010. bis Article 261 of the Criminal Code is currently used even more hesitantly than in the first years following its introduction. Case law is focused on the punishment of right-wing extremism, anti-Semitic acts, the denial of genocide, and on the punishment of racism linked to violence, as well as racist comments and bis verbal abuse. When it comes to refusal of service under Article 261 paragraph 5, or to punishing politically motivated racial discrimination, the practice of courts is significantly more cautious. Nor is criminal law applied to institutional racial discrimination resulting from political measures or the decisions 7 of agencies which can disadvantage individuals or entire groups . Current legislation does not offer those affected any effective protection against discrimination. In particular, in regulatory and private law there is no prohibition of racial discrimination that provides protection when people are seeking accommodation or jobs. Recommendation of the FCR The FCR recommends raising the awareness of the judicial authorities with respect to protecting the victims of racism, and attaching greater importance to protection against discrimination from a human rights standpoint. The FCR recommends a federal law for the implementation of better protection against ill-treatment by the police together with the establishment of the necessary independent complaint investigation mechanisms in all cantons. 2.5 Rec. 57.19: Equal opportunities on the labour market (Netherlands) Brief assessment of the current situation by the FCR The FCR notes the lack of protection against discrimination under civil law. Existing norms are widely 8 dispersed, are not coherent and are not easily understood . As studies have shown, exclusion mechanisms exist on the labour market that make it more difficult for young applicants from an immigrant background to gain apprenticeship places. Women may be the victims of multiple discrimination. The FCR has illustrated this problem in its bulletin TANGRAM No. 23/2009 and in its 2010 position paper "Banning headscarves in state schools? Example 9 of a debate directed against a minority". Recommendation of the FCR The protection against unequal treatment with respect to access to the labour market is inadequate. The FCR recommends strengthening this protection, which includes the important areas of both housing of accommodation and work the access to which often ist interrelated. The FCR is in favour of a comprehensive anti-discrimination law (see also Rec. 57.18 below). 4/7 3 Recommendations Switzerland on protection against discrimination rejected by 3.1 Para 15: Guarantee the justiciability of economic, social and cultural rights (Egypt) Brief assessment ... Article 2, paragraph 2 of Covenant I specifies the prohibition of discrimination with respect to economic, social and cultural rights. Recommendation of the FCR To implement the rights defined in Covenant I, the Optional Protocol envisages an individual complaints procedure. The FCR recommends the ratification of this supplementary protocol by Switzerland. It has already made a statement to this effect in its report to the Committee for Economic, Social and Cultural Rights CESCR in November 2009. 3.2 Rec. 57.7: specific law prohibiting incitement to racial and religious hatred (Egypt) Brief assessment ... bis This recommendation has already been implemented to a large extent in Article 261 of the Criminal Code. For FCR's comments on this article in the criminal code and its current application by the cantonal courts, see Recommendation 57.6 above. Recommendation of the FCR The FCR does not see any need for action with respect to Recommendation 57.7 beyond the above. 3.3 Rec. 57.11: Minorities in the police, inquiries into cases of police brutality (Canada) Brief assessment ... The second part of this recommendation has already been addressed in this report under Rec. 56.5 above. Recommendation of the FCR In its list of measures published in 2010, the FCR recommends that the police and security agencies should reflect the current composition of the Swiss population as far as possible: "When recruiting, attention should be paid to a diversified representation of different sections of the population in law 10 enforcement agencies." 3.4 Rec. 57.15: To withdraw reservation to article 4 ICERD (Cuba) Brief assessment ... The FCR is aware of the need to reconcile the two fundamental rights of freedom of expression and protection against discrimination. The international human rights organizations and the European Court of Human Rights also give consideration to the necessity to strike a balance between these two competing rights. Nevertheless, the international organizations call on Switzerland not to interpret freedom of expression too widely in the political arena. Protection against discrimination is often neglected in the direct democratic process and racist political propaganda often goes unchallenged. The FCR is of the opinion that this leaves Switzerland open to the suspicion that it wishes to tolerate racist views. Recommendation of the FCR The FCR recommends that Switzerland should withdraw its two reservations to ICERD, specifically its reservation regarding Article 4: "Switzerland reserves the right to take the necessary legislative measures 5/7 to implement Article 4 with due regard to freedom of expression and freedom of association, which are 11 enshrined inter alia in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights." 3.5 Rec. 57.18: legislation to provide protection against all forms of discrimination (Netherlands) Brief assessment ... 12 As the FCR showed in its study on legislation against racial discrimination published in 2010 , there are significant gaps in the legislation relating to protection against discrimination. In particular, protection against discrimination is underdeveloped in civil law. The constitutional mandate arising from Article 8, paragraph 2 of the Swiss Federal Constitution should be defined by statutory provisions in more detail and thus implement the stipulated prohibition of discrimination in practice. Relying on criminal repression alone is not conducive to the preventive eradication of racial discrimination in all areas of life as a goal for society as a whole. Recommendation of the FCR The federal authorities and Parliament should draft a coherent proposal for protection against discrimination without delay. Legislation similar to that adopted in neighbouring countries in the European Union is desirable (EU Directives 2000/43 and 2000/78). 4 4.1 Concerns of the FCR not covered by the UPR recommendations No mention of increasing protection for and actively supporting the Swiss Yenish/Travellers/Roma/Sinti minorities Brief assessment ... Since the 1990s, Switzerland has made great progress in recognizing the situation of the Yenish/Travellers community. For instance, Switzerland recognized the Yenish/Travellers as a cultural national minority as defined by the Council of Europe's Framework Convention for the Protection of 13 National Minorities . In October 2006 the Federal Council also published a comprehensive analysis of 14 the situation of the Swiss Yenish/Travellers/Roma/Sinti . However, to date implementation measures 15 have not advanced very far . Recommendation of the FCR The FCR recommends eliminating the institutional obstacles that make the cultural lifestyle of the Yenish/Travellers/Roma/Sinti more difficult. Positive measures should be taken to provide sufficient space for permanent and transit sites, to ensure the equal education of the children of Travellers' families, and to preserve the cultural and linguistic characteristics of the Yenish/Travellers/Roma/Sinti. 4.2 Increasing non-equal treatment of EU citizens and nationals of other countries in Switzerland Brief assessment ... The FCR is of the opinion that the preferential treatment of EU citizens in Switzerland has led to the 16 undue discrimination of all other foreign nationals in many areas. This applies to integration measures for example, and to the right to marriage and family. Recommendation of the FCR The FCR recommends that the Swiss Centre of Expertise in Human Rights SCHR should conduct a study and produce a report on this question to serve as the basis for further measures. 6/7 Appendix Endnotes to the Report of the Federal Commission against Racism FCR on the second Universal Periodic Review of Switzerland 1 2 For English translation see http://www.admin.ch/ch/e/rs/311_0/a261bis.html See CERD, General Recommendation 30: Discrimination against Non Citizens, 1.10.2004. http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/e3980a673769e229c1256f8d0057cd3d?Opendocument 3 See FCR database, verdict 2006-9, at: http://www.ekr.admin.ch/dienstleistungen/00169/00273/index.html?webgrab_path=aHR0cDovL3d3dy5lZ GktZWtyLmFkbWluLmNoL3BocC94ZGV0YWlscy5waHA%2FaWQ9MjAwNi05&lang=de (in German only) 4 TANGRAM 26, Bulletin of FCR, December 2010. Available in French/German/Italian; for French version see: http://www.ekr.admin.ch/dokumentation/00138/index.html?lang=fr 5 6 7 8 Ibid. pp. 123-134. Ibid. For English translation see http://www.admin.ch/ch/e/rs/311_0/a261bis.html Federal Department of Home Affairs, Service for Combating Racism (ed.). Rechtsratgeber Rassistische Diskriminierung. 2nd edition, Berne 2009. 9 Federal Commission against Racism FCR. Position paper: "Ein Kopftuchverbot an öffentlichen Schulen? Beispiel einer gegen eine Minderheit gerichteten Debatte". Berne 2010. http://www.ekr.admin.ch/dokumentation/00143/index.html?lang=de 10 TANGRAM 26, Bulletin of FCR, December 2010, pp. 123-134. For French version see: http://www.ekr.admin.ch/dokumentation/00138/index.html?lang=fr 11 Swiss Federal Council. "Botschaft über den Beitritt der Schweiz zum Internationalen Übereinkommen von 1965 zur Beseitigung jeder Form von Rassendiskriminierung und über die entsprechende Strafrechtsrevision" (Dispatch on Switzerland's accession to the International Convention of 1965 on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination and on the corresponding revision of the criminal law) of 2 March 1992, 92.029, p. 64. BBl 1992 III 269. 12 Federal Commission against Racism FCR. Recht gegen rassistische Diskriminierung. Analyse und Empfehlungen. Berne 2010. For short French version see: http://www.ekr.admin.ch/shop/00007/00073/index.html?lang=fr 13 See also Switzerland's third report on the implementation of the Framework Convention of the Council of Europe for the Protection of National Minorities, January 2012. For French version see: http://www.news.admin.ch/NSBSubscriber/message/attachments/25536.pdf 14 Report of the Federal Council on the situation of Travellers in Switzerland, 18 October 2006. For French version see: http://www.seco.admin.ch/aktuell/00277/01164/01980/index.html?lang=fr&msg-id=7746 15 Media release of the Federal Commission against Racism and the Stiftung Zukunft für Schweizer Fahrende (Foundation for the Future of Swiss Travellers) dated 2 November 2006: "Fahrende in der Schweiz werden diskriminiert ­ Bund und Kantone haben noch kaum wirksame Gegenmassnahmen getroffen" (Discrimination against Travellers in Switzerland ­ Confederation and cantons have yet to take effective action). For French version see: http://www.ekr.admin.ch/dokumentation/00144/00252/index.html?lang=fr 16 See statement of the FCR (in French): Commission fédérale contre le racisme CFR. Positon de la CFR sur le système binaire d'admission de la politique des étrangères en Suisse. Berne, 2 mai 2003. http://www.ekr.admin.ch/dokumentation/00143/index.html?lang=fr 7/7 Commission fédérale contre le racisme CFR Rapport de la Commission fédérale contre le racisme CFR au sujet du 2e examen périodique universel de la Suisse La Commission fédérale contre le racisme (CFR) est une des commissions extraparlementaires instituées par le gouvernement suisse (Conseil fédéral) pour mettre en oeuvre la Convention internationale sur l'élimination de toutes les formes de discrimination raciale (CERD). Elle « s'occupe de discrimination raciale, s'emploie à promouvoir une meilleure entente entre les personnes de race, couleur, origine, provenance ethnique ou nationale, religion différentes, combat toute forme de discrimination raciale directe ou indirecte et attache une importance toute particulière à la prévention pour que celle-ci soit efficace » (mandat du Conseil fédéral du 23 août 1995). La CFR est composée de 15 membres et comprend des représentants des Eglises nationales, des religions minoritaires, d'autres minorités, des partenaires sociaux et des cantons, de même que des experts. Sur le plan administratif, elle est subordonnée au Département fédéral de l'intérieur et dispose d'un secrétariat doté de 2,9 postes en équivalent plein temps, ainsi que d'un budget de 200 000 CHF par année pour mener à bien ses séances et ses projets. La CFR est une des institutions nationales des droits de l'homme reconnues par l'ONU, le Conseil de l'Europe et l'OSCE. Elle est dotée du statut C auprès de l'International Coordinating Committee for National Human Rights Institutions ICC, ce qui lui donne le droit de prendre position au sujet du processus de l'examen périodique universel (EPU) en toute indépendance et de soumettre son avis à l'ICC, ce qu'elle fait par la présente. Berne, le 26 mars 2012 Adopté le 12 mars 2012 par le plénum de la Commission fédérale contre le racisme Texte : Doris Angst, directrice administrative de la CFR Adresse : Commission fédérale contre le racisme CFR Inselgasse 1 3003 Berne Contact : Doris Angst, directrice administrative, tél. : +4131 324 1283; doris.angst@gs-edi.admin.ch Kathrin Buchmann, directrice suppléante, tél. : +4131 323 3658; kathrin.buchmann@gs-edi.admin.ch 1/8 1 Généralités Dans son rapport, la CFR commente la situation dans laquelle s'inscrivent les recommandations qui touchent directement le domaine relavant du mandat qui lui a été imparti et a) que la Suisse a acceptées, b) qu'elle a refusées ou c) qui n'ont pas encore été traitées le cadre de l'EPU. 2 Les recommandations de l'EPU concernant le racisme, la xénophobie et la discrimination Généralités 2.1 La CFR se réjouit que la Suisse ait accepté tout ou partie d'environ deux tiers des 30 recommandations qui lui ont été adressées, notamment dans le domaine de l'égalité et de la nondiscrimination. Cela montre que les autorités ont conscience du retard particulièrement important que le pays accuse dans ce domaine. Elle admet que la Suisse a multiplié les efforts pour mettre au point une politique intérieure cohérente en matière de droits humains, dont la mise en oeuvre - il faut souligner - incombe pour l'essentiel aux 26 cantons. Il n'en est que plus important de les impliquer dans les procédures de suivi. 2.2 Recommandation 56.1 : Poursuivre les efforts qu'elle fait pour prévenir et combattre la xénophobie (adressée par l'Algérie) Brève évaluation de la situation actuelle par la CFR La formulation de la recommandation suggère que la Suisse a déjà pris quelques initiatives afin de lutter contre la xénophobie, ce qui est effectivement exact, aussi est-il justifié qu'elle renvoie aux campagnes lancées et aux mesures de prévention prises dans différents domaines. La CFR estime néanmoins qu'il y a lieu d'amorcer des réflexions purement politiques à ce sujet. A l'heure actuelle, les personnes qui ont immigré en Suisse, y vivent et y travaillent, qui y sont venues en qualité de touristes ou de requérants d'asile ou bien encore qui ont une autre couleur de peau ne jouissent pas d'une protection suffisante contre le racisme et la xénophobie dans certains secteurs. Les deux phénomènes, racisme et xénophobie, sont amalgamés, puisque les agressions verbales et physiques dont ces personnes sont victimes reposent souvent uniquement sur la présomption qu'elles sont étrangères. Les actes xénophobes, les marginalisations subtiles et les discriminations concernent donc tant les étrangers que les Suisses. bis er La norme pénale antiracisme ­ l'art. 261 CP ­, que la Suisse a introduit le 1 janvier 1995 comme condition préalable à la ratification de la CERD, réprime les actes racistes commis publiquement qui 1 portent gravement atteinte à la dignité humaine . Toutefois, elle ne couvre que partiellement la xénophobie, les requérants d'asile, par exemple, n'étant pas considérés comme étant un groupe ethnique. Dès lors, les insulter ou les marginaliser n'est pas considéré comme un acte raciste, alors 2 même que l'intention ou la motivation qui sous-tend ces attitudes peut l'être . De la même manière, les tribunaux jugent les remarques dépréciatives et méprisantes adressées à certains groupes non pertinentes à l'égard de cette disposition : un juge cantonal a ainsi estimé qu'il ne pouvait poursuivre bis pénalement au titre de l'art. 261 CP une personne ayant refusé l'entrée à des ressortissants du 3 « peuple des Balkans », faisant valoir que celui-ci ne formait pas une ethnie . En outre, des mécanismes plus subtils ­ notamment écarter un individu en raison de son nom jugé « à consonance étrangère » ­ sont largement tolérés, entravant de fait l'égalité des chances sur le marché de l'emploi et du logement. De plus, en Suisse, à l'heure actuelle, la classe politique peut, dans une large mesure, faire des déclarations xénophobes sans s'exposer à des sanctions pénales. En général, l'application de la norme pénale antiracisme débouche sur la condamnation d'un individu isolé au paiement d'une amende ­ la personne faisant de la provocation devant un bar ou l'adolescent ayant commis un délit mineur ­, alors que les partis politiques faisant publier des affiches xénophobes ou racistes dans un journal ne sont pas inquiétés. 2/8 Recommandations de la CFR bis La CFR recommande d'appliquer plus souvent la norme pénale antiracisme ­ l'art. 261 CP ­, y compris à l'encontre d'acteurs politiques. Par ailleurs, il convient de développer le dispositif de protection des victimes de discrimination raciale, ce qui implique notamment que les autorités judiciaires prennent des mesures de sensibilisation. La xénophobie structurelle, qui a acquis droit de cité sous l'influence du populisme de droite, doit également être nommée et combattue à l'aide des mesures les plus diverses. La CFR approuve le renforcement de la protection contre la discrimination et l'évaluation des instruments de monitorage qui résultent des nouvelles mesures d'intégration inscrites dans le droit des étrangers. La Confédération doit s'assurer à cet égard que les cantons remplissent leurs devoirs. A noter que la CFR recommande de ne pas limiter la protection contre la discrimination à la politique des étrangers, mais de la renforcer pour tous les habitants du pays (cf. recommandation 57.18). 2.3 Recommandation 56.5 : Prendre les dispositions nécessaires pour prévenir la survenance d'actes de violence à relents racistes et xénophobes de la part d'agents de la sécurité à l'égard des étrangers, d'immigrants ou de demandeurs d'asile, et traduire les auteurs de tels actes en justice (adressée par le Nigeria) Brève évaluation de la situation actuelle par la CFR En Suisse, les actes de violence constituent un délit officiel et ne restent pas impunis. Il en va un peu différemment de la violence excessive motivée par un racisme et une xénophobie latents exercée par les forces de police. La CFR est d'avis que l'attitude laxiste de l'establishment politique suisse à l'égard des politiques et déclarations xénophobes n'est pas étrangère à certains actes à caractère xénophobe et raciste commis par des particuliers et par des membres des forces de l'ordre. Elle juge même qu'en n'accordant pas la même valeur à tous les individus, soit, par exemple, en plaçant les étrangers désirables d'un côté, les indésirables de l'autre, en faisant le distinguo entre les « bons » étrangers et les criminels, en qualifiant certains demandeurs d'asile d'« imposteurs », on tisse la toile de fond du discours public xénophobe et raciste. La CFR reconnaît que les corps de police cantonaux et communaux ont multiplié les efforts visant à former le personnel aux droits humains, si bien que cette évolution n'en est qu'à ses balbutiements. Cette tendance doit désormais se généraliser au sein des forces de sécurité. Une démarche ouverte et transparente est en outre indissociable de mécanismes de plaintes permettant d'examiner l'action des forces de sécurité. Dans les cantons suisses, les procédures d'enquête et de plainte sont par trop dépendantes l'une de l'autre. Il y a lieu, en particulier, d'interdire que les fonctionnaires de police visés par la plainte d'un particulier puissent réagir en déposant une contre-plainte. En autorisant la contre-plainte, l'Etat abuse de sa position de force au bénéfice de son auteur ­ généralement un particulier ­, et empêche que l'on se penche ouvertement sur les abus racistes. Recommandations de la CFR 4 Dans l'édition de décembre 2010 de son bulletin (TANGRAM N° 26 ), la CFR appelle les services de sécurité, quel que soit leur niveau, à aborder davantage leur mission sous l'angle de la protection des droits humains contre la discrimination. Elle formule par ailleurs notamment les propositions concrètes 5 suivantes : les lois qui fixent les tâches des forces de l'ordre contiennent explicitement l'obligation de l'égalité de traitement et de la non-discrimination dans le cadre du respect des droits de l'homme ; la nouvelle vision d'une police protectrice contre le racisme est encouragée et présentée ; une importance particulière est accordée à l'application pratique des connaissances sur les droits de l'homme et l'interdiction de discrimination. La CFR recommande également de créer des instances indépendantes dans tous les cantons et villes, auprès desquelles l'on puisse déposer plainte, qu'elles prennent la forme de services de médiation parlementaires ou d'organes facilement accessibles indépendants des forces de police. 3/8 Voici encore quelques recommandations qu'elle a émises en décembre 2010 : le profilage racial en tant que méthode est supprimé et interdit explicitement ; les forces de l'ordre informent le public de leur gestion interne des plaintes ; des instances d'enquête indépendantes et légales sont accessibles à toute personne qui veut 6 porter plainte contre l'action des autorités chargées de la sécurité . 2.4 Recommandation 57.6 : Adopter des mesures visant à renforcer les mécanismes déjà en place pour combattre la discrimination raciale (adressée par l'Egypte) Brève évaluation de la situation actuelle par la CFR bis La CFR juge la norme pénale antiracisme ­ l'art. 261 CP ­ suffisante à maints égards. Depuis ter l'année 2000, elle s'est néanmoins prononcée en faveur de l'ajout d'une disposition 261 , afin de garantir une meilleure protection contre l'extrémisme de droite, le port d'insignes et le stockage de matériel de propagande d'extrême droite. Le gouvernement suisse a néanmoins définitivement refusé en 2010 de compléter le droit pénal avec des dispositions spécifiques à la protection contre l'extrémisme de droite. bis A l'heure actuelle, l'art. 261 CP est appliqué avec plus de réserve que dans les années ayant suivi son entrée en vigueur. Dans la pratique, les instances judiciaires se concentrent sur la répression de l'extrémisme de droite, des actes antisémites, de la négation des génocides et du racisme en lien avec des actes de violence, de même que sur la poursuite de déclarations et insultes à caractère bis raciste. S'agissant des refus de prestation au sens de l'art. 261 , al. 5, CP, et des discriminations raciales reposant sur une motivation politique, les jugements rendus par les tribunaux sont sensiblement plus timides. Le droit pénal n'opère pas non plus pour les discriminations raciales institutionnelles résultant de mesures politiques ou de décisions administratives susceptibles de 7 défavoriser un individu ou un groupe entier . L'arsenal juridique actuellement disponible n'offre pas de protection efficace contre la discrimination aux personnes concernées. Font en particulier défaut des interdictions de la discrimination raciale formulées au titre du droit privé ou du droit de la surveillance, de nature à protéger les personnes à la recherche d'un emploi ou d'un logement. Recommandations de la CFR La CFR recommande de sensibiliser davantage les autorités judiciaires à la protection des victimes de racisme et d'accorder une plus grande importance à la protection contre la discrimination pourtant définie comme faisant partie des droits humains. Elle préconise également l'adoption d'une loi-cadre fédérale permettant de mettre en oeuvre une meilleure protection contre les abus policiers dans tous les cantons, assortie des mécanismes d'enquête indépendants indispensables. 2.5 Recommandation 57.19 : Renforcer les actions menées pour garantir l'égalité des chances sur le marché du travail, en particulier aux femmes de groupes minoritaires (adressée par les Pays-Bas) Brève évaluation de la situation actuelle par la CFR La CFR constate que la protection contre la discrimination est insuffisante dans le domaine du droit civil. Les normes existantes sont dispersées, si bien qu'il est difficile d'en dresser un tableau clair et 8 cohérent . Différentes études ont en outre mis en évidence que des mécanismes de marginalisation sont à l'oeuvre, entravant l'accès des jeunes issus de l'immigration à une place d'apprentissage. A noter que la CFR publiera à l'été 2012 une étude qu'elle a réalisée en collaboration avec l'Université de Bâle. Celle-ci analyse les préjudices éventuels que subissent les titulaires non-européens d'un diplôme académique. Il faut par ailleurs souligner que les femmes peuvent être victimes de discriminations multiples. La CFR a exposé cette problématique dans l'édition de juin 2009 de son bulletin (TANGRAM N° 23) et dans sa prise de position intitulée « Interdire le foulard à l'école ? Ou l'exemple d'un débat dirigé 9 contre une minorité » . 4/8 Recommandation de la CFR La protection contre l'inégalité de traitement en matière d'accès au marché de l'emploi est insuffisante. La CFR recommande de renforcer cette protection, qui concerne des domaines importants de la vie, à l'instar du logement et du travail. Elle est favorable à l'adoption d'une loi sur la protection de toutes les formes de discrimination (cf. recommandation 57.18). 3 Recommandations concernant la protection contre la discrimination que la Suisse a refusées 3.1 Paragraphe 15: Garantir la justiciabilité des droits économiques, sociaux et culturels (adressée par l'Egypte) Brève évaluation de la situation actuelle par la CFR L'art. 2, al. 2, du pacte I de l'ONU prévoit que les droits économiques, sociaux et culturels « sont exercés sans discrimination aucune ». Recommandations de la CFR Pour mettre en oeuvre les droits ancrés dans le pacte I de l'ONU, le protocole facultatif prévoit un mécanisme de plainte individuel. La CFR recommande à la Suisse de ratifier ce protocole additionnel. Elle s'est d'ailleurs déjà prononcée en ce sens dans le rapport qu'elle a rendu en novembre 2009 au Committee for Economic, Social and Cultural Rights CESCR. 3.2 Recommandation 57.7 : Adopter une loi spéciale interdisant l'incitation à la haine raciale et religieuse, conformément au paragraphe 2 de l'art. 20 du Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politique (adressée par l'Egypte) Brève évaluation de la situation actuelle par la CFR bis L'essentiel de cette recommandation est mis en oeuvre dans l'art. 261 CP. Commentaire de la CFR au sujet de la norme pénale antiracisme et de son application actuelle par les tribunaux cantonaux : cf. plus haut, recommandation 57.6. Recommandation de la CFR Pour la CFR, aucune mesure supplémentaire ne s'impose à l'égard de la recommandation 57.7. 3.3 Recommandation 57.11 : Recruter des membres des minorités dans la police et mettre en place un organisme chargé de mener des enquêtes sur les affaires de brutalités policières (adressée par le Canada) Brève évaluation de la situation actuelle par la CFR La deuxième partie de cette recommandation a déjà été traitée dans le présent rapport (cf. plus haut, recommandation 56.5). Recommandations de la CFR Dans la liste de mesures qu'elle a publiée en 2010, la CFR recommande déjà que, dans la mesure du possible, la composition des services de police et de sécurité reflète celle de la population suisse : « lors du recrutement, on veille à avoir une représentation diversifiée des différentes parties de la 10 population dans les forces de l'ordre » . 5/8 3.4 Recommandation 57.15 : Retirer sa réserve à l'article 4 de la Convention internationale sur l'élimination de toutes les formes de discrimination raciale (adressée par Cuba) Brève évaluation de la situation actuelle par la CFR La CFR a conscience qu'il est capital de mettre soigneusement en balance la liberté d'opinion et la protection contre la discrimination, ce que font également les organes internationaux des droits humains et la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme. Ceux-ci mettent néanmoins en garde la Suisse contre une conception trop laxiste de la liberté d'opinion au niveau politique. La protection contre la discrimination est en effet souvent négligée dans le processus démocratique direct, la propagande politique raciste n'étant soumise qu'à un contrôle très marginal. La CFR estime que la Suisse prend dès lors le risque d'être soupçonnée de tolérer les déclarations racistes. Recommandations de la CFR La CFR recommande à la Suisse de retirer les deux réserves qu'elle a émises à la CERD, plus particulièrement celle posée à l'art. 4 : « La Suisse se réserve le droit de prendre les mesures législatives nécessaires à la mise en oeuvre de l'article 4, en tenant dûment compte de la liberté d'opinion et de la liberté d'association, qui sont notamment inscrites dans la Déclaration universelle 11 des droits de l'homme » . 3.5 Recommandation 57.18 : Tâcher d'obtenir une loi fédérale sur la protection de toutes les formes de discrimination, y compris pour des raisons d'orientation sexuelle et d'identité de genre (adressée par les Pays-Bas) Brève évaluation de la situation actuelle par la CFR 12 Comme la CFR l'a mis en évidence dans l'étude intitulée « Le droit contre la discrimination raciale » qu'elle a publié en 2010, la protection juridique contre la discrimination présente des lacunes considérables, notamment en matière de droit civil. Il s'agit de concrétiser le mandat découlant de l'art. 8, al. 2, Cst., et, partant, de mettre en oeuvre l'interdiction de la discrimination qui y est inscrite. Pratiquer uniquement la répression pénale ne favorise pas la lutte préventive contre la discrimination raciale conçue comme une tâche assignée à la société dans son ensemble. Recommandations de la CFR Les autorités fédérales et le Parlement sont invités à rédiger sans tarder un projet cohérent relatif à la protection contre la discrimination, qui s'aligne autant que faire se peut sur les textes adoptés par les voisins européens de la Suisse (directives de l'UE 2000/43 et 2000/78). 6/8 4 Préoccupations de la CFR, qui ne sont abordées dans aucune des recommandations de l'EPU Absence d'une mention de la protection renforcée et de la promotion active des minorités nationales reconnues par la Suisse (« gens du voyage », Roms, Sinti, Yéniches) 4.1 Brève évaluation de la situation actuelle par la CFR Depuis les années 1990, la Suisse a enregistré de nets progrès dans la reconnaissance de la situation des Yéniches et des « gens du voyage ». Elle les a ainsi reconnus comme formant une minorité culturelle nationale au sens de la Convention-cadre du Conseil de l'Europe pour la protection 13 des minorités nationales . Le Conseil fédéral a par ailleurs publié en octobre 2006 une analyse 14 approfondie de la situation des « gens du voyage », Roms, Sinti et Yéniches suisses . Notons 15 cependant que la mise en oeuvre des mesures préconisées n'a pas beaucoup avancé . Recommandation de la CFR La CFR recommande de supprimer les obstacles institutionnels entravant le mode de vie des « gens du voyage », Roms, Sinti et Yéniches. Il y a lieu de prendre des mesures positives permettant de créer suffisamment de place pour les aires de séjour et de transit, de garantir une scolarisation équivalente des enfants des familles nomades et de préserver les spécificités culturelles et linguistiques de ces populations. 4.2 Renforcement de la discrimination entre citoyens de l'UE et ressortissants de pays dits tiers en Suisse Brève évaluation de la situation actuelle par la CFR La CFR estime que le traitement préférentiel réservé, en Suisse, aux citoyens de l'UE a entraîné des 16 discriminations inacceptables d'autres étrangers dans plusieurs domaines , notamment en ce qui concerne les mesures d'intégration, le droit au mariage et à la famille. Recommandations de la CFR La CFR recommande que le Centre suisse de compétence pour les droits humains CSDH rédige à ce sujet une analyse qui puisse servir de base à de nouvelles mesures. 7/8 Annexe Notes relatives au rapport de la Commission fédérale contre le racisme au sujet du 2e examen périodique universel de la Suisse 1 cf. le Recueil de cas juridiques sur la page Internet de la CFR : http://www.ekr.admin.ch/dienstleistungen/00169/index.html?lang=fr 2 cf. CERD, General Recommendation 30: Discrimination against Non Citizens, 1.10.2004 : http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/e3980a673769e229c1256f8d0057cd3d?Opendocument 3 cf. le Recueil de cas juridiques, décision 2006-9 (disponible en allemand uniquement) : http://www.ekr.admin.ch/dienstleistungen/00169/00273/index.html?webgrab_path=aHR0cDovL3d3dy5lZGktZWtyLmFkbWluLm NoL3BocC94ZGV0YWlscy5waHA%2FaWQ9MjAwNi05&lang=de 4 TANGRAM 26, Bulletin de la CFR, décembre 2010. Version en français, en allemand et en italien : http://www.ekr.admin.ch/dokumentation/00138/index.html?lang=fr 5 6 7 Ibid, p. 123-134. Ibid. cf. le Recueil de cas juridiques sur la page Internet de la CFR : http://www.ekr.admin.ch/dienstleistungen/00169/index.html?lang=fr 8 Département fédéral de l'intérieur, Guide juridique. Discrimination raciale, 2 éd., publié par le Service de lutte contre le racisme, Berne, 2009. 9 e Commission fédérale contre le racisme CFR. Prise de position : « Interdire le foulard à l'école ? Ou l'exemple d'un débat dirigé contre une minorité ». Berne 2010. http://www.ekr.admin.ch/dokumentation/00143/index.html?lang=fr 10 TANGRAM 26, Bulletin de la CFR, décembre 2010, p. 126-128 : http://www.ekr.admin.ch/dokumentation/00138/index.html?lang=fr 11 Message concernant l'adhésion de la Suisse à la Convention internationale de 1965 sur l'élimination de toutes les formes de discrimination raciale et la révision y relative du droit pénal du 2 mars 1992, 92.069, FF 1992 III 269. 12 Commission fédérale contre le racisme CFR. Le droit contre la discrimination raciale : Analyse et recommandations. Berne 2010 : http://www.ekr.admin.ch/shop/00007/00073/index.html?lang=fr 13 cf. Troisième rapport du gouvernement suisse sur la mise en oeuvre de la Convention-cadre du Conseil de l'Europe pour la protection des minorités nationales, Janvier 2012. http://www.news.admin.ch/NSBSubscriber/message/attachments/25536.pdf 14 Rapport du Conseil fédéral sur la situation des gens du voyage en Suisse, 18 octobre 2006 : http://www.bak.admin.ch/kulturschaffen/04265/04278/index.html?lang=fr 15 Communiqué de presse de la Commission fédérale contre le racisme et de la fondation Assurer l'avenir des gens du voyage suisses publié le 2 novembre 2006 : « Discrimination à l'égard des gens du voyage en Suisse. La Confédération et les cantons n'ont pas encore pris de mesures efficaces pour y remédier. » : http://www.ekr.admin.ch/dokumentation/00144/00252/index.html?lang=fr 16 cf. Commission fédérale contre le racisme CFR. Prise de position : Système binaire d'admission de la politique des étrangers, publié le 2 mars 2003 : http://www.ekr.admin.ch/dokumentation/00143/index.html?lang=fr 8/8 PC.SHDM.GAL/5/12 1 June 2012 ENGLISH only SUPPLEMENTARY HUMAN DIMENSION MEETING Combating Racism, Intolerance and Discrimination in Society through Sport 19­20 April 2012 VIENNA FINAL REPORT -2- TABLE OF CONTENTS I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................ 3 II. SYNOPSIS OF THE SESSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ......................... 3 Opening session ........................................................................................................... 4 SESSION I: Racism, intolerance and discrimination: contemporary manifestations and challenges....................................................................................... 5 SESSION II: Monitoring, preventing and responding to hate crimes, racist incidents, intolerance and discrimination, including in sports...................................... 8 SESSION III: Sporting events as confidence-building measures and the role of sport in the promotion of integration and equality ................................................. 11 III. ANNEXES................................................................................................................. 14 ANNEX 1: Agenda..................................................................................................... 14 ANNEX 2: Opening Remarks .................................................................................... 17 ANNEX 3: Keynote Speech by Joia Jefferson Nuri .................................................. 21 ANNEX 4: Biographical Information on Introducers and Moderators...................... 28 ANNEX 5: Link to list of participants ....................................................................... 33 -3- I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The first Supplementary Human Dimension Meeting (SHDM) in 2012 was dedicated to exploring current manifestations of racism, intolerance and discrimination and to identifying measures to combat these problems, in particular in and through sports. It brought together 182 participants, including 108 delegates from 44 OSCE participating States, four representatives from four OSCE Partners for Co-operation, 61 representatives of 55 non-governmental organizations, and five representatives of four international organizations. The meeting was organized into three working sessions: Racism, intolerance and discrimination: contemporary manifestations and challenges; Monitoring, preventing and responding to hate crimes, racist incidents, intolerance and discrimination, including in sports; and Sporting events as confidence-building measures and the role of sport in the promotion of integration and equality. The SHDM provided an opportunity for an exchange of views and experiences on racism, intolerance and discrimination. Discussions focused on a variety of themes, including existing forms of racism, intolerance and discrimination in the OSCE area and contemporary challenges in combating these phenomena. Participants proposed a number of key recommendations and best practice initiatives targeting a wide range of stakeholders. Underscoring the obligations of participating States to prevent intolerance, racist violence and discrimination in society and to prosecute persons who break laws against such acts, the participants stressed the role of stakeholders including civil society, sporting associations, the media, international organizations and prominent sports and public figures in awareness-raising, capacity-building, and educational initiatives. The need to take advantage of major sporting events like the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA), the European Football Championship 2012 (Euro 2012) and the London Olympics and Paralympics to raise awareness about racism, intolerance and discrimination was also underlined. The previous SHDM on racism and related issues was held in November 2011. The SHDM was preceded by a round table on Monitoring and Reporting Hate Crimes, Racism and Intolerance attended by 20 representatives of non-governmental organizations (NGOs). The participants prepared recommendations that were presented at the SHDM. These underscored the need for sporting associations and fan clubs to condemn explicitly acts of intolerance and discrimination and stressed the positive impact of the participation of sports celebrities in awareness-raising campaigns. II. SYNOPSIS OF THE SESSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS This section summarizes the discussions which took place during the opening session and the three thematic sessions and presents recommendations made by participants. -4The recommendations were directed towards a variety of actors, in particular OSCE participating States, OSCE institutions and field operations, civil society actors and representatives of international organizations. These recommendations have no official status and are not based on consensus. The inclusion of a recommendation in this report does not suggest that it reflects the views or policies of the OSCE. Nevertheless, these recommendations serve as useful indicators for the OSCE to reflect on how participating States are meeting their commitments to promote human rights in these areas. OPENING SESSION Opening remarks were delivered by Ambassador Eoin O'Leary, Chairperson of the OSCE Permanent Council, and by Ambassador Janez Lenarcic, Director of OSCE/ODIHR, followed by the keynote speech of Ms. Joia Jefferson Nuri, President and Chief Executive Officer of "In The Public Eye Communications" and Senior Advisor and Communications Strategist to TransAfrica1. Ambassador O'Leary recalled the commitments of OSCE participating States to take robust and timely measures against racism, intolerance and discrimination to ensure social stability and prevent conflicts. He underscored the special responsibility of political and public leaders in raising awareness about the dangers of racism and intolerance and called on them to condemn racist sentiments, especially when they are voiced in public. He added that through expeditious investigation and prosecution of hate crimes authorities send an important message to perpetrators and to affected communities. In conclusion, Ambassador O'Leary stressed the importance of comprehensive and long-term strategies to prevent racism, intolerance and discrimination in society. He underlined that sports could be used as a platform to prevent and respond to these phenomena. Ambassador Lenarcic stressed that sports can contribute to creating inclusive societies, in particular, by promoting the integration of migrants and persons belonging to vulnerable communities. He noted the existence of a robust normative framework to combat racism and discrimination at the international and national levels. He added that there are numerous successful initiatives to combat racism, such as those reported by governments, civil society and international organizations at the SHDM in November 2011. However, Ambassador Lenarcic urged participants to step up their efforts. He reminded political leaders, sports association leaders and lawenforcement agencies of their obligations to take appropriate actions to combat racist or intolerant conduct. In closing, he reiterated the need to support sustainable initiatives against racism, such as education and awareness-raising activities. The keynote speaker, Ms. Joia Jefferson Nuri, referred to the history of racism in the United States including in sports, and showed how through sports the African American population of the United States shaped American society and culture and challenged prejudices and racism in society. Her contribution to the opening session emphasized the significant role of sports in breaking down the barriers of race, 1 The texts of the opening session speeches can be found in Annexes 2 and 3. -5discrimination and intolerance and the impact of this on inclusion and equality within communities, as well as within broader society. She expressed concern that success in sports might also contribute to the emergence of new stereotypes and prejudices about particular groups and sustain discrimination in other areas. She also explained that racism could be understood as a "marketing strategy" that had successfully created and perpetuated patterns of domination that persisted for generations. Ms. Jefferson Nuri concluded that although racial discrimination in sport was almost defeated in the United States, it remains a major challenge in other areas of social life due to the persistence of prejudices, ignorance and misperceptions. SESSION I: RACISM, INTOLERANCE AND DISCRIMINATION: CONTEMPORARY MANIFESTATIONS AND CHALLENGES Introducers: Mr. Ralf-René Weingärtner, Director of the Directorate of Human Rights and Antidiscrimination, Council of Europe Mr. Valeriu Nicolae, Founder and Director, Policy Center for Roma and Minorities Moderator: Mr. Jean-Paul Makengo, President of the European Coalition of Cities against Racism (ECCAR) Working Session 1 offered the participants an opportunity to discuss current manifestations of racism, intolerance and discrimination in the OSCE area and their impact and implications for security in society, as well as to discuss existing challenges in preventing and combating racism. The first introducer of the Session, Mr. Ralf-René Weingärtner, described how the Council of Europe has been fighting discrimination in sports and promoting diversity and intercultural dialogue in and through sports. He stressed that racism in society and in sports remains a serious problem in Europe. While a robust legal framework exists at the international level, there are shortfalls in its translation into practice and enforcement at the national level. He reminded States of their obligation to enact appropriate legislation to combat racism and discrimination, including in sports, and highlighted the benefits of building the capacity of State actors to implement the law. Mr. Weingärtner underscored the potential of sports to fight discrimination, prejudices and stereotypes and to promote mutual understanding and respect. He noted that civil society, including professional and amateur sports associations, are principal actors for change. Mr. Weingärtner emphasized the need for co-operation among the relevant actors, including national and local authorities, sports associations and other non-governmental organizations to be successful. The second introducer of the session, Mr. Valeriu Nicolae, presented a good practice example that fostered the inclusion of Roma children through their participation in sports activities. With the support of well-known Romanian football players and the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA), the Policy Center for Roma and Minorities enrolled Roma children in sports activities, allowing the children to experience inclusion rather than exclusion for the first time in their lives. He contended that many children were transformed by this experience, turning away from drug abuse and anti-social behavior. He concluded by saying that he aimed at -6engaging children from different communities to play together in one team, so as to increase their chances to participate in society. The subsequent discussion showed that no part of the OSCE area is immune from manifestations of racism, intolerance and discrimination. Both majority and minority groups were mentioned as targets of acts of violence and discrimination across the OSCE region. Several participants underscored the risk of escalation of isolated acts of intolerance into larger social unrest in times of economic crisis. A number of participants deplored that at times extremist and ultra-nationalist groups used sports events to express their racist views. Others noted that expressions of bias in the sports arena had become commonplace. Overall, participants expressed concern about episodes of verbal and physical intolerance targeting in particular Muslims, Roma, Christians, Jews and other groups at sporting events. They stressed that sports associations and fan clubs should be used systematically to promote a culture in societies where equality is respected and diversity is valued. Some speakers mentioned that better use of the media and marketing strategies should be made to combat prejudices and stereotypes. The importance of implementing existing OSCE commitments to combat hate crimes, including the Ministerial Council Decision 9/092, was underlined. Some participants called upon participating States to include a comprehensive definition of hate crimes in their legislation and to ensure effective investigation and prosecution of hate crimes. One participant noted with concern that in some participating States, hate crimes are not registered by the authorities. A number of participants stressed the pressing need for establishing comprehensive systems of monitoring, collecting and reporting hate crime data. Disaggregation of data by bias type was mentioned as a good practice by few participants. Some speakers encouraged participating States to submit hate crime data to ODIHR and to share information on best practices with ODIHR and other participating States in order to develop common approaches to address the issue. Training of law enforcement personnel, outreach to affected communities and close co-operation between police and civil society were mentioned as examples of good practice. A number of speakers encouraged participating States to prohibit all aspects and forms of discrimination, including on the grounds of sexual orientation and gender identity. Many participants underlined the importance of preventive measures to achieve sustainable results in the fight against racism. They called for implementation of such initiatives as educational activities, awareness-raising and public campaigns promoting tolerance and non-discrimination in sports and through sports. One participant stressed the need to improve financial support for grassroots organizations. Numerous participants commented on the role of sports as a platform for promoting social cohesion, mutual understanding and tolerance, both within and across national borders. Several interventions described initiatives highlighting how sporting events could serve as a mechanism to build confidence and mutual understanding among 2 The full text of the Ministerial Council decision is available at http://www.osce.org/cio/40695. -7communities, and in particular to integrate migrants and persons belonging to minorities. Participation in sports was presented as a first step to ensure integration in societies, in particular access to employment and political life. There was considerable discussion of the upcoming Euro 2012 Football Championship and the Olympic and Paralympic Games in London as good opportunities to show how sports can eradicate bias and discrimination that could lead to violence. The potential of the Paralympic Games to challenge the misconceptions and hostility that fuel hate crime against persons with disabilities was underscored. Hate speech and intolerance in public discourse were also discussed during the session. Participants stressed the important role public figures, such as political leaders or top athletes, can play in condemning hate speech and intolerant discourse. Some speakers referred to the importance of criminalizing speech that incites violence. Noting the risk of restricting free speech, others stressed the need to comply with international law and standards when introducing provisions on speech into criminal law. More generally, a number of participants emphasized the importance of respecting fundamental rights, in particular freedom of expression, freedom of association and assembly, and freedom of religion or belief when fighting racism and intolerance. At the conclusion of the session, Mr. Weingärtner stressed the importance of working in parallel against both hate crimes and intolerant conduct. He underlined that such efforts should target not only right-wing extremists, but also aim at all layers of society. The following specific recommendations were made in Session 1: Recommendations to OSCE participating States: Participating States should implement OSCE commitments on monitoring and reporting of hate crimes; OSCE participating States should collect and submit data regarding hate crimes to ODIHR for use in its annual report on hate crimes; When collecting data on hate crimes, participating States should produce disaggregated statistics based on ethnicity and religion; OSCE participating States that have not yet done so should enact laws that establish hate crimes as specific offences or provide enhanced penalties for bias-motivated violent crimes; OSCE participating States that have not yet done so should initiate law enforcement training programmes on responding to hate crimes, and should draw on the training expertise of OSCE institutions in this field;3 Participating States should uphold their commitments in the area of freedom of religion, anti-discrimination and freedom of expression; OSCE participating States should increase their efforts to collect reliable statistics on hate crimes, including on those targeting Christians, and send the data to ODIHR; One such programme is the ODIHR's Training against Hate Crimes for Law Enforcement (TAHCLE); further information on the programme is available at http://www.osce.org/odihr/77457. 3 -8 OSCE participating States should take action against incidents or crimes on the grounds of sexual orientation and gender identity; OSCE participating States should support existing initiatives by civil society organizations, sports associations and fan clubs aimed at preventing and responding to manifestations of intolerance in sports; OSCE participating States should encourage and support public campaigns to promote understanding, fairness and equality, with the participation of wellknown athletes; OSCE participating States should encourage partnerships between national and local authorities on the one hand and civil society on the other to tackle discrimination in society; OSCE participating States should increase, especially in times of crisis, their financial support for activities to promote tolerance and non-discrimination and for ODIHR activities in these fields; The Chairmanship-in-Office should appoint a Personal Representative on Combating Intolerance and Discrimination against Christians; In follow-up to the OSCE Conferences in Berlin, Brussels, Cordoba, Bucharest and Astana, OSCE participating States should convene a high-level Conference in 2013 on racism, intolerance and discrimination; The upcoming Ukrainian Chairmanship-in-Office should organize an expert meeting to follow up on recommendations from the SHDM of November 2011 and the SHDM of April 2012. Recommendations to OSCE institutions and field operations: The Representative on Freedom of the Media and ODIHR should develop tools for media professionals to combat racism, intolerance and discrimination. These tools can include guidelines for voluntary professional standards and self-regulation of the media; ODIHR should conduct training for educators, members of the media, civil society, law enforcement personnel and other members of the criminal justice sector, including prosecutors and judges, on how to address and respond to hate crimes. Recommendations to international organizations: International organizations should fight intolerance and discrimination against Christians with the same determination as they fight hatred against members of other religious communities; International organizations should improve their co-ordination efforts to increase the effectiveness of measures to combat racism. SESSION II: MONITORING, PREVENTING AND RESPONDING TO HATE CRIMES, RACIST INCIDENTS, INTOLERANCE AND DISCRIMINATION, INCLUDING IN SPORTS Introducers: Mr. Paulo Gomes, Chair of the Standing Committee of the European Convention on Spectator Violence and Misbehaviour at Sports Events and National Director of the Portuguese Public Safety Police -9Ms. Marie-Luise Würtenberger, Head of the Tolerance Division of the German Federal Ministry of the Interior Moderator: Mr. Pavel Klymenko, Chair of the "Football Against Prejudices" initiative and Member of Football against Racism in Europe Network (FARE) Working Session 2 offered an opportunity for participants to discuss good practice examples of and gaps in monitoring, preventing and responding to intolerance, including in sports. The first introducer of the session, Mr. Paulo Gomes, presented the monitoring mechanisms for implementation of the European Convention on Spectator Violence and Misbehaviour at Sports Events. He recalled that most European States have committed to adopt a legal framework and policies to prevent and combat racist, xenophobic, discriminatory and intolerant behaviour in sports. He referred to a number of national initiatives that aim at ensuring the safety of athletes and spectators at sporting events. For example, a number of States launched anti-racist campaigns with the support of UEFA. He highlighted the activities of international nongovernmental organizations such as FARE and Football Supporters Europe. He gave particular credit to the Centre for Access to Football in Europe for its efforts to promote the rights of supporters with disabilities. In concluding, Mr. Gomes stressed that government and civil society actions were complementary and needed better coordination. The second introducer of the session, Ms. Marie-Luise Würtenberger, presented the German experience in fighting against right-wing extremism in and through sport. She provided background information on two initiatives to illustrate her point. The first initiative, the "Fan Project" was implemented in 2002 by the city of Darmstadt with the support of the Federal Government and the German Football Federation. Its objective was to raise awareness about experiences of prejudice and intolerance among football fans. The organizers made a documentary film showing the impact of prejudice, with testimonies of fans and former neo-Nazi activists, and used its screening to start discussions on the topic. The project was replicated in 51 German cities. The second initiative consisted of the organization of joint campaigns by the Government and sports associations to raise awareness about the dangers of rightwing extremist ideology and the risk of sports clubs being infiltrated by right-wing activists. Successful components of the project included mobilization of well-known athletes, preventive work with young athletes and fans, and encouragement of the leadership to speak out against racist and other intolerant behaviour. The presentations generated lively discussion. Some participants reiterated the points made in the previous session regarding the persistence of all forms of intolerance across the OSCE region, the need to adopt hate crime legislation and the importance of collecting comprehensive and reliable hate crime data. Other interventions expressed concern about the increasing number of racist incidents. They reiterated the need to adopt appropriate legislation and to implement it robustly. They called on authorities to build the capacity of law enforcement agencies to investigate and prosecute hate crimes and encouraged them to make use of ODIHR's Training against Hate Crime for Law Enforcement program. One participant underlined the importance of responding to so-called low-level hate incidents to stop - 10 the cycle of violence. Others noted that manifestations of intolerance also stemmed from the leadership of sports clubs, associations and athletes, although most publicized events involved fans. There appeared to be general agreement that measures could be effective and sustainable only if they targeted all actors involved in sports. Some speakers pointed out that law enforcement authorities and sports associations needed concrete guidance on how to respond to manifestations of intolerance based on bias in the sports arena. One intervention noted that a ministry of interior issued guidelines for law enforcement on how to respond to abusive, racist and discriminatory remarks and chants during football games. This document was also widely disseminated to sports clubs officials, supporter associations and referees. Discrimination in sports management was discussed as well. Several participants regretted that few members of minority groups have been appointed to management positions in sports and suggested the introduction of quotas as a good practice. Participants condemned some media outlets for spreading intolerant discourse, prejudice and stereotypes, saying that the media has an ethical responsibility to use its influence to counter prejudice and stereotypes. A number of participants raised again the need for role models such as political leaders and top athletes to speak out against racism and discrimination. A variety of good practices were mentioned, including awareness-raising initiatives, public campaigns with the participation of sports celebrities and praise by public figures of fair play. Other examples included educational measures, such as antibullying training for youth and programmes promoting the participation of children from vulnerable communities in sporting events. Some participants mentioned the creation of "safety director" positions and the training of stewards as ways to recognize racist speech during events. A representative of one of the host countries of EURO 2012 described a range of measures put in place to monitor and prevent racist and intolerant incidents during the championship. Examples included public awareness campaigns against racism, antibias programs in schools, creation of so-called "inclusivity zones" were everybody should feel safe and establishment of "embassies of football fans," a support service aimed at making fans feel welcome in foreign countries. To conclude the session, Mr. Gomes reiterated the importance of adopting comprehensive national action plans to combat violence in sports. He called for improved co-operation between civil society and government authorities in this area. The following additional specific recommendations were made in Session 2: Recommendations to OSCE participating States: OSCE participating States should ensure security and safety at sports events; OSCE participating States should draw up comprehensive national action plans to combat racism and intolerance in and through sports, in close cooperation with sports associations and civil society at large. - 11 - Recommendations to OSCE institutions and field operations: ODIHR should develop educational material on preventing and responding to hate crimes and incidents against Christians. Recommendations to non-governmental organizations Non-governmental organizations dealing with racism and intolerance and sports association should improve co-operation to fight intolerance more effectively; Sports clubs should encourage top athletes to promote mutual respect and understanding. SESSION III: SPORTING EVENTS AS CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES AND THE ROLE OF SPORT IN THE PROMOTION OF INTEGRATION AND EQUALITY Introducers: Mr. Ceno Aleksandrovski, Country Coordinator of the Open Fun Football Schools Lord Michael Walton Bates, Member of the House of Lords Moderator: Dr. Mischa Thompson, Member of the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe (Helsinki Commission) The third working session presented participants with the opportunity to exchange information about initiatives and sports programmes aimed at fostering understanding, tolerance and mutual respect for others as a means of combating discrimination, prejudices and stereotypes across the OSCE region. The first introducer of the session, Mr. Ceno Aleksandrovski, described the Open Fun Football Schools, a project implemented by the Cross Cultures Project Association. The project's objective is to promote mutual respect and understanding among youth from different ethnic and religious communities. Since 1998, the Association has organized summer schools for more than 250,000 children in South-Eastern Europe and in the Middle East involving football games and other recreational activities. Emphasis is put on bringing children together in a safe environment to help them appreciate their differences and discover similarities. The second introducer of the session, Lord Michael Walton Bates, presented his initiative to revive the Olympic Truce concept in the run-up to the 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games. In an effort to draw attention to the original spirit of the Olympic Games, Lord Bates walked 3,000 miles across Europe from Athens to London. On his journey through the Balkans, the battlefields of the First and Second World Wars and across the former front line of the Cold War, Lord Bates promoted the key principles of the Olympic Games: fairness, equality and respect. The initiative was presented to the United Nations General Assembly in October 2011 and was cosponsored by all 193 UN member States.4 U.N. General Assembly, 66th Session. "Draft Resolution [Building a peaceful and better world through sport and the Olympic ideal]" (A/66/L.3). 11 October 2011. Adopted on 17 October 2011 under A/RES/66/5. 4 - 12 - In the discussion that followed, the participants agreed that sports could serve as an efficient platform to promote equality and respect. It was noted that team games in particular promoted loyalty, friendship and solidarity among players from different backgrounds. Some participants regretted that the majority of football associations in the European Union limit the number of foreigners allowed to register. A suggestion was made to analyze the legal barriers to the participation of foreigners in sports. As in the previous sessions, many participants stressed the potential of prominent athletes to be positive role models. Some mentioned that celebrities should be asked systematically to engage in anti-racism campaigns. A number of participants underlined the importance of ensuring career opportunities in management and ownership of sports clubs for retired athletes, in particular those belonging to minorities. Some participants recalled the "Rooney rule" ­ which requires teams in the U.S. National Football League to interview candidates from minority groups for head coach and other senior positions ­ as an example of positive action and called for broader implementation of this rule in all sports. Recognizing the added value of initiatives involving sports, a number of speakers urged participating States to increase funding for programs combating intolerance and discrimination in and through sports. To conclude the session, Mr. Aleksandrovski stressed the importance of ensuring gender equality and participation of women in top management positions in international and national sport organizations. Lord Bates reiterated that sportsmen and sportswomen can bring change and should be urged to display positive values of fairness, equality and respect. The following additional specific recommendations were made in Session 3: Recommendations to OSCE participating States: OSCE participating States should increase financial support for programs, including sports programs, fostering appreciation for diversity and combating all forms of discrimination; OSCE participating States should develop national action plans to fight racism, intolerance and discrimination in consultation with affected groups; OSCE participating States should develop, if they have not done so yet, policies to foster participation of youth in sports; OSCE participating States should support civil society initiatives that promote interaction of youth from diverse ethnic communities; OSCE participating States should analyze the legal barriers to the participation of foreigners in sports; OSCE participating States should systematically ask sports celebrities to participate in anti-racism campaigns. Recommendations to the OSCE institutions and field operations: OSCE field operations should support sports programs and youth development initiatives to combat discrimination and prevent hate crimes; OSCE institutions and field operations should publicly condemn manifestations of intolerance based on bias. - 13 - Recommendations to civil society: Sports associations should subject members who are involved in racist acts and/or speech to strong sanctions as a clear deterrent. Such sanctions should be consistently applied; Sports associations should work in collaboration to agree upon appropriate and effective sanctions; Sports associations should consider utilizing affirmative action initiatives in their hiring processes. - 14 - III. ANNEXES ANNEX 1: Agenda Supplementary Human Dimension Meeting COMBATING RACISM, INTOLERANCE AND DISCRIMINATION IN SOCIETY THROUGH SPORT 19-20 April 2012 Hofburg, Vienna AGENDA Day 1 15:00 ­ 16:00 19 April 2012 OPENING SESSION Opening remarks: Ambassador Eoin O'Leary, Chairperson of the OSCE Permanent Council, Ireland's Permanent Representative to the OSCE Ambassador Janez Lenarcic, Director, OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (OSCE/ODIHR) Keynote speech: Ms. Joia Jefferson Nuri, Senior Advisor and Communications Strategist to TransAfrica Technical information by Ms. Floriane Hohenberg, Head of the Tolerance and Non-Discrimination Department of the OSCE/ODIHR 16:00 ­ 18:00 SESSION I: Racism, Intolerance and Discrimination: Contemporary Manifestations and Challenges Moderator: Mr. Jean-Paul Makengo, President of the European Coalition of Cities against Racism (ECCAR) Introducers: Mr. Ralf-René Weingärtner, Director of the Directorate of Human Rights and Anti-discrimination, Council of Europe - 15 Mr. Valeriu Nicolae, Director of Policy Center for Roma and Minorities 18:00 ­ 19:00 Reception hosted by the Irish Chairmanship Day 2 10:00 ­ 12:00 20 April 2012 SESSION II: Monitoring, Preventing and Responding to Hate Crimes, Racist Incidents, Intolerance and Discrimination, including in Sports Moderator: Mr. Pavel Klymenko, Chair of the 'Football Against Prejudices' initiative and Member of Football against Racism in Europe Network (FARE) Introducers: Mr. Paulo Gomes, Chair of the Standing Committee of the European Convention on Spectator Violence and Misbehaviour at Sports Events and National Director of the Portuguese Public Safety Police Ms. Marie-Luise Würtenberger, Head of the Tolerance Division of the German Federal Ministry of the Interior 12:00 ­ 14:00 14:00 ­ 16:00 Lunch SESSION III: Sporting Events as Confidence-Building Measures and the Role of Sport in the Promotion of Integration and Equality Moderator: Dr. Mischa Thompson, Member of the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe (Helsinki Commission) Introducers: Lord Michael Walton Bates, Member of the House of Lords Mr. Ceno Aleksandrovski, Country Coordinator of the Open Fun Football Schools 16:00 ­ 16:30 16:30 ­ 17:30 Break CLOSING SESSION Reports by the Moderators of the Working Sessions - 16 Comments from the floor Closing remarks Ambassador Janez Lenarcic, Director of the OSCE/ODIHR 17:30 Closing of the meeting - 17 - ANNEX 2: Opening Remarks Address by Ambassador O'Leary Chairperson of the OSCE Permanent Council at the Opening Session of the OSCE Supplementary Human Dimension Meeting on "Combating Racism, Intolerance, and Discrimination in Society through Sport" Hofburg, Vienna 19 April 2012 Good afternoon everyone and welcome to the 1st Supplementary Human Dimension Meeting of the year, on the topic of Combating Racism, Intolerance and Discrimination in Society through Sport. This event is particularly topical in view of some high-profile sporting events taking places in OSCE participating States including the UEFA European Championships in Poland and Ukraine (to which Ireland have qualified for the first time in 24 years) and of course the Olympic Games in the United Kingdom. We are all too familiar with manifestations of racism and other forms of discrimination and intolerance against sportsmen and women, as can be seen by some recent high-profile incidents in major European football leagues. This is a particularly damaging and dangerous phenomenon because of the danger that younger sports fans may learn new prejudices or have existing prejudices reinforced by their role models. Of course manifestations of hatred and intolerance do not just occur in sports, and despite efforts to combat intolerance in society, many individuals continue to be victims of discrimination and violent acts continue to threaten stability and security of the OSCE region. Measures to prevent acts of racism and/or intolerance are necessary not only to protect the targets of hatred, but also to ensure social stability. Failure to do so can lead to deep-rooted social tensions and conflicts and, in the worst-case scenario, conflicts that may degenerate into broader ethnic-based violence and a breakdown of the political order. We need to ensure that this outcome is prevented by expeditious and robust state intervention. - 18 To be more effective, responses to prevent racism, intolerance and discrimination need to be focused. Participating States are encouraged to step up their efforts to address manifestations of intolerance and in particular hate crime in a timely and robust fashion since they have the potential to degenerate into broader conflicts. Political leaders also bear a special responsibility in raising awareness about the dangers and unacceptability of racism and intolerance. They should vocally and clearly condemn racist sentiments when they are voiced in public and political discourse. Law enforcement agencies also have a crucial role to play in combating racism, intolerance and discrimination in society and sport. Prompt and thorough investigation of incidents and crimes is important in sending out a message to perpetrators that society will not tolerate these kinds of behavior or actions thereby sending out a message of support to the victims and their communities. This is an important outreach activity and one that must be considered anytime racist, intolerant, and discriminatory acts occur. Therefore we hope that this Supplementary Human Dimension Meeting can use sport as a platform to address the wider issues of intolerance in society. Across the OSCE region millions of people are engaged in sport as spectators and participants, at all age groups and across diverse backgrounds. Sport has the capacity to be an important vehicle for promoting social cohesion, mutual understanding and tolerance, both within and across national borders. For instance in Ireland, for decades sport had been an area of division, even resulting in certain professions and sections of society prohibited from playing or participating in Gaelic football or hurling (the two national sports in Ireland). However these anachronistic rules were repealed as peace emerged and sport is now seen as a means to bring cohesiveness to society, and is recognized by politicians of all backgrounds who are keen to be seen attending high profile sporting events. Sporting events can and do serve as a mechanism to build confidence and mutual understanding and promote tolerance and respect between different communities. - 19 Furthermore, they serve to highlight the important role of sport in promoting integration, equality and tolerance in society at large. I hope the meeting leads to constructive debate and I look forward to hearing your thoughts throughout the three working sessions which include some excellent speakers, moderators and introducers with expertise in combating intolerance in sport and across society. Thank you very much. Address by Ambassador Janez Lenarcic Director of the OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) at the Opening Session of the OSCE Supplementary Human Dimension Meeting on "Combating Racism, Intolerance, and Discrimination in Society through Sport" Hofburg, Vienna 19 April 2012 Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen, It gives me great pleasure to welcome you to this Supplementary Human Dimension Meeting on "Combating Racism, Intolerance, and Discrimination in Society through Sport" this afternoon. Over the next two days, we should examine contemporary forms of racism, intolerance and discrimination ­ including hate crimes ­ in societies across the OSCE region. More concretely, we should analyze how sport and sporting events can be used to tackle these phenomena and share good practices developed to promote diversity and equality. These are not new phenomena, but the challenges seem to be on the rise. Let me mention three of them: The continued economic crisis that at times results in "scapegoating" of visible minorities; The portrayal of migration as a threat to local populations, the rise of right wing political parties and groups expounding nationalist and xenophobic ideologies; And at the same, drastic cuts to public spending, which have particularly affected social awareness programmes. A robust normative framework has been developed to combat racism and discrimination at both international and regional levels; but the pace of progress has been slow. ODIHR's annual hate crime report shows that intolerance and - 20 discrimination remain a significant problem across the OSCE region, undermining personal, neighbourhood and State security, and eroding confidence across and among communities. People are discriminated against, threatened and injured when they are targeted for no other reason than being perceived as belonging to a specific ethnic, "racial", religious or other group. A host of initiatives, emanating from government agencies, civil society and international organizations, were presented at the last SHDM in November 2011 in the area of awareness raising or education. But most participants stressed the need to devise a concerted approach in order to achieve sustainable results. Sports can certainly be an area where all these actors can make a difference: it brings together millions of people, transcending sex, colour, gender, age, nationality or religion, and has thus the potential to play an important role in creating an inclusive society. Sports activities ­ ranging from the local to the national and international level, at an amateur and professional level ­ can support the integration of migrants and persons belonging to minorities into society as whole. Indeed, it is in the arena of sports where minorities break through the glass ceiling. So sport has the potential to promote inclusion, and I am certain we will hear more on this from our speakers today. Far from being a marginal activity, sports have favored the emergence of a number of new role models. Millions of people, and not only youth, look up to the top athletes: their behaviour on the playground, their attitudes in life and their statements have the potential to influence society at large. But of course sport, as an activity that focuses emotions of societies, is not beyond the challenges that societies themselves face. Racism and intolerance also manifest themselves in sports. Athletes and their support teams and sports fans have been the target of attacks based on religious, ethnic, racial, linguistic or other bias. Also, national and international sporting events have been used by ultranationalist groups to spread racial prejudice and xenophobia. These events are well reported on and imply a crucial role to be played by law enforcement, sports federations and fan clubs to prevent and respond effectively to manifestations of racism and hate. Ladies and Gentlemen, This year, two major sporting events are taking place ­ the Olympic Games in London and the UEFA EURO football championship in Poland and Ukraine. Both events will attract millions of fans. - 21 In this meeting, we will hear about programmes and initiatives developed by governments and civil society organizations which build confidence and promote integration and equality in societies. We all bear a responsibility to support these initiatives and to respond adequately to intolerant and racist acts. Political leaders especially need to raise their voice and speak out about the dangers and unacceptability of racism and intolerance. So do heads of national leagues and fan clubs. They have an obligation to condemn racist sentiments when they are voiced in political and sports discourse. Law enforcement and criminal justice agencies also have a crucial role to play ­ expeditious and robust investigation of incidents and crimes sends out the message that society will not tolerate such acts; and that victim communities will be protected. It is my hope that the discussions over the next two days will lead to a number of recommendations for participating States, civil society and ODIHR. I hope that these recommendations will shed a new light on how we can be more effective and efficient in our efforts to fight racism, intolerance and discrimination. Our Office will continue to be at your disposal to offer assistance and support to all participating States in this endeavour. Thank you. ANNEX 3: Keynote Speech by Joia Jefferson Nuri Good afternoon. I would like to thank the OSCE for the invitation to address the Supplementary Human Dimension Meeting on Combating racism and intolerant behavior through sports. I want to extend a special thank you to the Chairmanship-inOffice and to the ODIHR Director, Ambassador Janez Lenarcic, for extending the invitation to me to speak here. Our challenge at this meeting is to define and understand contemporary manifestations of racism, intolerance and discrimination in - 22 society and seek innovative practices in sports for combating identity-based hatred and violence. Before proceeding, please allow me to say a few words about myself. I am Joia Jefferson Nuri and I address you today as a public policy communications strategist from the United States. I assist NGOs and political and community leaders in developing the most effective messaging and methodology to seek workable solutions to these issues. In the exploration of ways to find common language I have travelled to South Africa, Zimbabwe, Brazil, Venezuela, England, France, and throughout the United States. I hope to show you the connection between sports and the ongoing race debate in the United States. Statements of defiance to the social constructs of racism through sports have a long history in dictating the inherent power of sports to galvanize people around broader social issues and concerns. In my home country, professional sports were off limits for black men until the 20th century. Sports represented the same complete segregation that was the legal norm in the rest of society. Professional Baseball, the National Football League and professional boxing would not allow black men to compete. In the early 20th century legendary heavy weight boxer Jack Johnson started a chain of events that would not only begin to reshape American sports but American society and culture. In 1908 two sports dominated the American landscape: baseball and boxing. Both sports drew large crowds and every sports writer knew that to get readers they had to cover baseball and boxing. To be the heavy weight champion is one of the greatest honors afforded an athlete. Jack Johnson was a confident black man who vocally expressed his opposition to the racist laws that defined America and also proudly proclaimed his superiority over any other fighter (black or white). This bravado rustled the feathers of American culture and sports journalism. There were cries encouraging someone to come forward and quiet Jack Johnson. In 1910, the white undefeated former heavy weight champion James Jefferies came out of retirement to fight Johnson. The racial tension was so high the day of the fight that guns were banned from the arena where the fight was being held. In 15 rounds Jack Johnson defeated Jefferies. History records that the outcome of the fight triggered violence against black men by whites all across the United States. Historian Ken Burns reports that Johnson's victory over Jeffries had dashed the white communities' long held belief that blacks were inferior and incapable of defeating a white man in a sport. The ramifications of the Jack Johnson victory and his continued success for more than a decade also held political ramifications. The question among whites arose: if a black man can win at sports what other feats was he capable of? The success of Jack Johnson in a boxing ring opened the political dialogue in the United States for a bigger discussion about race and equality. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, the NAACP, was formed in the years of Mr. Johnson prominence in sports. - 23 Today, nearly 100 years later, the NAACP stands as a pillar of political thought in the US on race. Sports are a thread that weaves itself through our lives and represents not only our heartfelt attraction to competition but is also a barometer of our society's beliefs about race and other forms of intolerance and prejudices. Years after Jack Johnson, as the world was sliding into global conflict for a second time, the Olympics, the oldest sporting event, took place in Berlin. In 1936 Adolf Hitler hoped the games would showcase German supremacy in sports and thus support his political objectives. A 23 year old African-American track and field athlete named Jesse Owens became the most successful athlete in the games. He won four gold medals in five days. This was a huge blow against Hitler's Nazi propaganda as well as a victory in the fight for race equality globally. But despite his victories in the Berlin Olympics, racial segregation faced Jesse Owens when he returned to the U.S.: You see Owens was only allowed to ride the service elevators in the New York City hotel where he was being honored. In the 20th century, two more times would a boxing champion be the world's most recognizable representative of the continuing battle around race. In 1936 a soft spoken African-American boxer named Joe Louis was defeated by Germany's Max Schmeling. Schmeling's victory over a black man was touted by Nazi officials as proof of their doctrine of Aryan supremacy. For their rematch in 1938 the Nazi party sent representatives with Schmeling to New York City. All over the world activists were fighting the global battle to end colonialism in Africa and the Caribbean as well as segregation in the United States. Their numbers were small and their voices could barely be heard over the cultural, governmental, and societal institutions that held blacks as inferior or as US Supreme Court Justice Roger B. Taney wrote in 1857, "The negro has no rights which the white man is bound to respect". But now the activists would be heard loud and clear. In 1938, more than 70,000 people came to Yankee Stadium in New York to see the fight between a descendant of slaves and a German national for the heavy weight championship of the world. The fight was broadcast to millions of people around the world in English, German, Spanish and Portuguese. The fight lasted two minutes and four seconds. Joe Louis knocked Schmeling out and was proclaimed the heavy weight championship of the world, title he held longer than any other champion in history. My father told me stories about that night. He was a young man in Pennsylvania. He said that black people gathered in bars and churches and homes and listened on the radio. After Joe Louis defeated Max Schmeling he said there were cheers and laughter from every corner of the black community in Pennsylvania and around the country. Black people saw Louis' victory as their own. The defeat of Schmeling was affirmation of their own abilities and humanity. Unfortunately, my father tells me, that a racist portion of the white community took the defeat of Schmeling badly. Black men were beaten and killed that night by mobs - 24 of white men who also believed Louis' victory represented a paradigm change in race relations. Sports and sporting figures force us into a truth telling that we can avoid on many other stages. The grandness of sports and the glaring light we shine on it makes it hard to hide the dirty little secret of racism. Muhammad Ali held that spotlight on us and forced us into a conversation about war and race that altered the way the US dealt with both for a generation. Thirty years after Joe Louis' defeat of Max Schmeling, the charismatic heavy weight champion of the world Cassius Clay, who we now know as Muhammad Ali, converted to Islam and refused to be drafted into the US army and be sent to Vietnam to fight. As a penalty for his defiance, he lost his boxing licence and with it, the right to fight. He also lost millions of dollars and his reputation was tarnished in most circles. The media attacked him. Politicians condemned him as being un-American and a traitor. Muhammad Ali stood for a just and inclusive society. He refused to fight for American "freedom" abroad when as a black American he was not free. Despite being at the top of his field, in 1960's America the Jim Crow segregation laws limited where he could live, eat and educate his children. When asked why he did not enlist in the Army and go fight in Vietnam like thousands of others of US citizens, he replied, "I ain't got no quarrel with the Vietcong... No Vietcong ever called me nigger." The anti-war movement in the United States, and around the world, gained a strong voice in the battle to end an unjust war and the civil rights movement drew strength from this athlete who stood as a man demanding his humanity. After World War II America's most popular sport at the time, baseball, integrated. Jackie Robinson broke the baseball's "color line" when he played his first game with the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1947. Jackie Robinson's outstanding character and unquestioned talent as an athlete challenged the basis of segregation. In following years, the civil rights movement in the United States became more vocal and gained strength from the integration of what was then called "America's pastime". The new demands were also fuelled by the black soldiers' contributions to the war efforts. Civil Rights lawyers such as Thurgood Marshall, who later served on the Supreme Court, and young leaders such as Martin Luther King, Jr. created strategies to support the integration of all public services and facilities. The 1950's saw a concerted effort by lawyers and activists to eliminate segregation laws in schools, public transportation, and housing. In 1968 the ultimate challenge to racism by black athletes happened at the Olympic Games in Mexico City. Tommy Smith and John Carlos stood before the world accepting their medals with fists held in the air giving the black power salute. Like Muhammad Ali, they became intentional symbols of defiance. They stood bravely demanding their nation honor them as men and not just sports figures. - 25 - Sports have played a significant role in breaking down the barriers of race, discrimination and intolerance. But this is a double-edged sword. While, as I have pointed out, sports is the measuring stick by which we can so often measure racism, it is also a mechanism that is used to cast black men as physical brutes who are only capable of major career success on a playing field or in a boxing ring. In large measure the most famous and successful black men are athletes or entertainers. The belief that black men have dominant physical abilities dates back to dehumanizing images of slaves and colonized black men doing physical labor. Advertising executive Tom Burrell, author of the best seller Brain Washed, asserts that racism is a marketing strategy that has created images of power and inferiority that we have all bought into for generations. If we accept this premise, it is important for us to reverse the images and behaviors that support that lie. At the heart of the problem is ignorance of each other and fear of change. From grade school through college black children are pushed to be athletes because of what is commonly called their "natural ability". Throughout my own studies I knew many black students who were told not to waste their time dreaming of law school. They should play sports. Today college athletes are leaving college early to pursue a professional career. There is little regard to getting the best education to prepare for life. Sports are a short cut to success. This continues to be a dangerous precedent. I had the privilege of attending a previous SHDM here last November. I heard the moving keynote address by Ms. Doreen Lawrence who told the story the violent murder of her son, Stephen, at the hands of bigots. He was standing at a bus stop. He was just standing there. He was stabbed and killed. She took us through an emotional journey of hearing of her son's murder, the failure of authorities to respond to her pleas for justice in a timely manner and the courage it has taken for her to mount a fight for justice for her son, all black children and mothers all over the globe. Thankfully, she finally received some justice with the subsequent guilty verdicts and sentences handed down to two of the alleged attackers of her son. I am a mother. My daughter is a young adult. A decade ago when she became old enough to go out into the community without me, the fear began. The marketing campaign of racism that paints my young black child and her male friends as threats fills me with the fear that potentially Doreen Lawrence's sad story will one day be my own. The constant bombardment of reductive images of black people as entertainers, athletes or criminals is pejorative and must be questioned. My child and her friends are not entertainers or athletes thus many conclude: they must be criminals. I sit in fear each time she leaves the house that a simple traffic stop, a small argument, or a misunderstanding will result in major injury or her death. I listened to Doreen Lawrence with tears in my eyes because I fear her story will become my story not because my daughter will do something wrong but simply by the fact that she is young and black in a world where her life does not hold the same value of the children of other races and ethnicities. - 26 This story of race and violence is currently playing itself out in the United States and on the front pages of newspapers around the world. A 17 year old African American named Trayvon Martin was walking through a gated community in Florida. Trayvon was wearing a hooded jacket and baggy pants, common attire for young people in the U.S. An armed neighborhood watch captain, a middle aged white man, shot and killed him. George Zimmerman did not kill Trayvon Martin because of what he did but because of his race and age. The watch captain was arrested 50 days after the killing and only after an international outcry and the appointment of a special prosecutor by Florida's governor. Unfortunately, as noted by many European newspapers, this is a common story in US history ­ the devaluing of black life and the failure of government agencies to enforce the law when faced with the conflict between a white man's recollections of the events versus a black life. In my own life the constant fear that goes with being black played out just a few weeks ago. I have spent my life trying to combat the slings and arrows of racism by getting a good education, building a successful career and establishing some level of financial security. This has afforded me international travel and a home in a wellheeled neighborhood in suburban Washington, D.C. I love my home and I have come to know my middle class white neighbors well. But two weeks ago my daughter's best friend came to visit. He is a 22 year old, 6'2" black man with a very large, deep voice. Tom is a lovely young man who wears the uniform of many young men, baggy pants and a hooded sweat shirt. On this particular evening as the warm spring night drew near he told me he wanted to take a walk through the neighborhood. I was horrified. I feared my neighbors would not respond well to seeing a young black man walking in the neighborhood alone at night. I did not think he would be shot but I was quite certain someone would call the police. I have walked my 125 pound Akita through the neighborhood twice a day for the past 7 years. My neighbors sometimes only recognize me because I am with the dog. I told Tom to take the dog with him so the neighbors would see him as benign. They know the dog and with the dog they would look upon him kindly. If he were Kobe Bryant or Michael Jordan he would be safe. But as an average black person in America he lives every day under the threat of harm. As he walked away from the house with the dog on a leash my eyes filled with tears. Why do I have to send a dog to protect a black man? Why can't black men move freely through my community or any community without fear of attack? Who are we members of the human race that even today we buy into the supreme marketing strategy of racial inferiority and intimidation? I stood there on my street, lined with perfectly manicured lawns, and felt the same fear and anguish of every black mother on earth. We see images, attach a historical value to them and respond accordingly. Constant media images of black men committing crimes and white men as the CEO reinforce the notion of power and inferiority. After generations of mis-education our most daunting task is the change perceptions. In the age of high speed internet the images come at us faster and with more power than generations before us. What role does popular culture ­television, movies, music videos ­ play in the continuation of racially charged images? What role could the internet and popular culture play in shaping a new paradigm of perception of race, gender, and people from different cultures? - 27 - I am part of an industry that crafts marketing images. I work with my clients to define the problem; assess the full situation; set goals, make a plan of execution and create an implementation plan. What would the future hold if communications strategists, film makers, television producers, publishers, and government leaders were given a decade long assignment of countermanding the racist marketing scheme that has been the underpinning of racism and xenophobia? Crossing all borders the charge to these professional imagemakers would create a truth that reflected the world we live in today. And the world we are building for tomorrow. What if we change, alter our perceptions of each other? Changing the false perception of race would give the survivor space to grow and alleviate the threat felt by the perpetrator. In the US, successful athletes are often treated as deities. We worship and adore them. They embody our best hopes for ourselves. Today a successful black athlete can be immune to the explicit burdens of racism. He or she is welcomed in any venue or neighborhood. But the transformation of the black athlete into being a full, free citizen has not translated to black people in general. How can we work together to assure that this elite privilege is offered to our children and every world citizen? As government leaders, you are also communications strategists who have the power to change the imagery and thus change minds and hearts. What is your commitment to changing the thought pattern? How do we join forces across the globe and craft a common language for dealing with hatred that will have implications everywhere? This is not an easy or short term fix as you all know. But the process has to come from a place of love and caring for both sides of this bloody equation. In conclusion, be it slavery, colonialism, or modern day racism there is a historical continuity of race and racist policies that we are responding to. The methods of handling the hate crimes have to reflect and respect the historical continuity and quickly move forward to address and to eradicate it. We must use the technology at our disposal and empower everyone to change. Thank you so very much for this opportunity to address this body. Thank you for allowing me to share my views. - 28 - ANNEX 4: Biographical Information on Introducers and Moderators Combating racism, intolerance and discrimination in society through sport 19­20 April 2012 HOFBURG, VIENNA Biographical Information: Speakers and Moderators Keynote Speaker: Ms. Joia Jefferson Nuri, Senior Advisor and Communications Strategist to TransAfrica Ms. Joia Jefferson Nuri is a public policy communications strategist. She is the President and CEO of "In The Public Eye Communications" and Senior Advisor and Communications Strategist to TransAfrica, the African American human rights and social justice advocacy organization. In her role, she serves as a consultant and senior advisor to leading human rights organizations and political activists. "In The Public Eye Communications" company works solely with clients committed to uplifting the human spirit and creating positive change. It specializes in work that delivers a message of hope and tolerance. The company's client list includes TransAfrica, Africare, the Global Women Story Circle, the Institute for Policy Studies, the United Negro College Fund and others. Ms. Nuri has testified before U.S. Congressional committees on the failure of aid organizations in Haiti and before international bodies on the state of workers rights. She has written the U.S. Congressional testimony on the effect of the world food shortage on children under the age of five. Ms. Nuri worked as a producer in network newsrooms for two decades before creating "In The Public Eye Communications." Her resume reflects the breadth of her work experiences including NBC, CBS, NPR, and C-SPAN. As a reporter she covered emerging democracies in West Africa. She brings a vast knowledge of the inner workings of world politics and international newsrooms. SESSION I: Racism, Intolerance Manifestations and Challenges Moderator: and Discrimination: Contemporary Mr. Jean-Paul Makengo, President of the European Coalition of Cities against Racism - 29 Mr. Jean-Paul Makengo has been the President of the European Coalition of Cities against Racism (ECCAR) since November 2011. He is also Deputy Mayor of Toulouse and Regional Councilor of Midi-Pyrenees. ECCAR's "Ten-Point Plan of Action for the European Coalition of Cities against Racism" covers various areas of competence city authorities engage in, including sport, and includes practical policy suggestions for municipal actors. ECCAR is also co-organiser and the implementing partner of the "Youth Voices against Racism" initiative. Implemented in 2008 by ECCAR and initiated by ECCAR, FC Barcelona and UNESCO, the initiative organized consultations with young people in ECCAR municipalities surrounding racism and sports. Introducers: Mr. Ralf-René Weingärtner, Director of the Directorate of Human Rights and Antidiscrimination, Council of Europe Mr. Ralf-René Weingärtner is the Director of the Directorate of Human Rights and Anti-discrimination in Council of Europe. Since 1988 he has held posts in both national and international public administrations, including higher management positions in the Federal Public Employment Service (Berlin), the German Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs (Berlin), the International Labour Organisation (Geneva), the German Federal Ministry for Labour and Social Affairs (Berlin), Treuhandanstalt Headquarters (Berlin), the European Commission (Brussels) and the German Representation to the European Union (Brussels). In January 2004, Mr. Weingärtner was appointed to the post of Director of Youth and Sport at the Council of Europe (Strasbourg). In 2007 and 2008, Mr. Weingärtner conducted the Council of Europe youth campaign "All different all equal" against racism and discrimination in 42 member States of the Council of Europe. As of 1 October 2011, Mr Weingärtner was nominated as Director of Human Rights and Antidiscrimination within the new Directorate General of Democracy (DGII). Mr. Weingärtner holds a Ph.D. in Sociology and his research focused on theories of modernization. Mr. Valeriu Nicolae, Director of the Policy Center for Roma and Minorities Mr. Valeriu Nicolae is the Director of the Policy Center for Roma and Minorities and Advocacy Director in European Roma Grassroots Organizations Network (ERGO). He also served as the Executive Director of ERGO until 2008. He started an educational project for Romani children in Romania, worked with numerous Roma and human rights organizations and published extensively. From 2003 to 2005, he worked as the Deputy Director of the European Roma Information Office in Brussels. He has been a fellow and senior consultant with the Roma Initiatives of the Open Society Institute since 2006. Mr. Nicolae has been involved in anti-racism campaigns in sports, working with UEFA, FIFA and Romanian sports organizations. He has an academic and professional background in programming, management and diplomacy and many years of experience as an activist for Roma rights. - 30 His book We are the Roma will be published in May 2012. SESSION II: Monitoring, Preventing and Responding to Hate Crimes, Racist Incidents, Intolerance and Discrimination, Including in Sports Moderator: Mr. Pavel Klymenko, Chair of the "Football Against Prejudices" initiative and Member of Football against Racism in Europe Network (FARE) Mr. Pavel Klymenko is the Chair of the "Football Against Prejudices" initiative, an educational and monitoring organization that focuses on tackling racism and discrimination in the Ukrainian football. Mr. Klymenko was a chief contributor to the report "Hateful ­ Monitoring Racism, Discrimination and Hate Crime in Polish and Ukrainian Football 2009 ­ 2011" produced by the Never Again Association, in cooperation with FARE. He is also an active member of the FARE network Eastern European Development Project. The FARE Eastern European Development Project is administered by the "Never Again" Association and includes a small grants pool for local anti-racism organizations in Poland and Ukraine. In 2009 and 2010 the entire budget was devoted to supporting Ukrainian initiatives against xenophobia and racial extremism. Introducers: Mr. Paulo Gomes, Chair of the Standing Committee of the European Convention on Spectator Violence and Misbehaviour at Sports Events and National Director of the Portuguese Public Safety Police Mr. Paulo Valente Gomes is Police Chief Superintendent and he assumed the post of the National Director of the Portuguese Public Safety Police (PSP) as of 1 February 2012. Since 2008, he has been the Chairman of the Standing Committee of the European Convention on Spectator Violence of the Council of Europe. He has participated in this Committee since 2000, first as a member of the Portuguese delegation and then as Vice President. Over the last 14 years, he has taken part in several international co-operation initiatives in the field of major events security and prevention of sport-related violence and discrimination, namely with the EU, UEFA and the United Nations. Mr. Gomes was the executive secretary of the National Committee for the Security and Safety of UEFA EURO 2004. He was also the head of the Portuguese Police delegation to the FIFA World Cup 2006 in Germany, and the UEFA EURO 2008 in Austria and Switzerland. Ms. Marie-Luise Würtenberger, Head of the Tolerance Division of the German Federal Ministry of the Interior Ms. Marie-Luise Würtenberger is the Head of the Tolerance Division of the German Federal Ministry of the Interior (BMI). She worked as a lawyer from 1989-1991. In - 31 1991 Ms. Würtenberger joined BMI first as an assistant and then worked in the Constitutional Division, Policy Department and Sports Department of BMI. Currently Ms. Würtenberger is responsible in the BMI for the campaign "Sports and Politics, unified against right-wing extremism." She is also a member of the advisory network for the campaign and co-ordinator of the network's activities. SESSION III: Sporting Events as Confidence-Building Measures and the Role of Sport in the Promotion of Integration and Equality Moderator: Dr. Mischa Thompson, Member of the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe (Helsinki Commission) Dr. Mischa Thompson is a member of Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe (Helsinki Commission). Dr. Thompson joined the Helsinki Commission in May 2007. Her portfolio includes tolerance and non-discrimination, migration and integration, and corporate citizenship issues within the 56 participating States of OSCE. She has also served as the U.S. staff liaison for the annual Transatlantic Minority Political Leadership Conferences held at the European Parliament. Prior to being appointed to the Commission, Dr. Thompson served as a Professional Staff Member and Congressional Fellow within the U.S. House and Senate working on international racism, foreign policy, trade, economic development, and security issues. A Fulbright Scholar and National Science Foundation Fellow, Dr. Thompson holds a Ph.D. from the University of Michigan, where her research focused on intergroup relations and prejudice in the United States and Europe. Dr. Thompson received her B.S. from Howard University and is proficient in German. Introducers: Lord Michael Walton Bates, Member of the House of Lords Lord Bates has served in the House of Lords since 2008. Previously, he represented the constituency of Langbaurgh in the House of Commons from 1992 to 1997. Lord Bates served as a Government Minister (1994-97), Deputy Chairman of the Conservative Party (2006-2010) and Shadow Minister (2008-2010). In 2009, Lord Bates was appointed Patron of Tomorrow's People (North East), a charity specializing in getting "hard to reach" young people into work or training. Since 2010, Lord Bates has been campaigning to promote the Olympic Truce Resolution for the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games. The Olympic Truce Resolution is an initiative referring to the ancient concept of the Olympic Truce. In 2011, the United Kingdom sponsored the UN Resolution on the Olympic Truce entitled "Building a peaceful and better world through sport and the Olympic ideal" supported by all 193 UN Member States who signed up to the ideals of peace and conflict resolution and the premise that individuals, not countries, compete against each other in sport in peaceful competition without the burden of politics, religion, or racism. In April 2011, Lord Bates decided to walk over 3,000 miles (from Olympia in Greece to Westminster, London) in the hope to persuade all signatories to - 32 the Truce to implement the 2011 UN Resolution which was unanimously agreed by the United Nations General Assembly on October 17, 2011 (A/66/L.3). Mr. Ceno Aleksandrovski, Country Coordinator of the Open Fun Football Schools Mr. Ceno Aleksandrovski is the Country Coordinator of the Open Fun Football Schools (OFFS) in Skopje, implemented by the Cross Cultures Project Association Network. He joined OFFS in 2000. Prior to that, Mr. Aleksandrovski used to be a football player from 1985 to 1999 and played for football teams in the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. Open Fun Football Schools is a humanitarian project using games and the pedagogical "fun-football-concept" as a tool to promote the process of democracy, peace, stability and social cohesion within the Balkan countries, the Trans Caucasus countries and in the Middle East. Open Fun Football Schools builds upon the experience of how wars and ethnic conflicts affect people and their chances of returning to a daily life in post conflict areas. ANNEX 5: Participants Link to the final list of participants is available at http://www.osce.org/odihr/89852. PC.SHDM.GAL/5/12 1 June 2012 ENGLISH only SUPPLEMENTARY HUMAN DIMENSION MEETING Combating Racism, Intolerance and Discrimination in Society through Sport 19­20 April 2012 VIENNA FINAL REPORT -2- TABLE OF CONTENTS I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................ 3 II. SYNOPSIS OF THE SESSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ......................... 3 Opening session ........................................................................................................... 4 SESSION I: Racism, intolerance and discrimination: contemporary manifestations and challenges....................................................................................... 5 SESSION II: Monitoring, preventing and responding to hate crimes, racist incidents, intolerance and discrimination, including in sports...................................... 8 SESSION III: Sporting events as confidence-building measures and the role of sport in the promotion of integration and equality ................................................. 11 III. ANNEXES................................................................................................................. 14 ANNEX 1: Agenda..................................................................................................... 14 ANNEX 2: Opening Remarks .................................................................................... 17 ANNEX 3: Keynote Speech by Joia Jefferson Nuri .................................................. 21 ANNEX 4: Biographical Information on Introducers and Moderators...................... 28 ANNEX 5: Link to list of participants ....................................................................... 33 -3- I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The first Supplementary Human Dimension Meeting (SHDM) in 2012 was dedicated to exploring current manifestations of racism, intolerance and discrimination and to identifying measures to combat these problems, in particular in and through sports. It brought together 182 participants, including 108 delegates from 44 OSCE participating States, four representatives from four OSCE Partners for Co-operation, 61 representatives of 55 non-governmental organizations, and five representatives of four international organizations. The meeting was organized into three working sessions: Racism, intolerance and discrimination: contemporary manifestations and challenges; Monitoring, preventing and responding to hate crimes, racist incidents, intolerance and discrimination, including in sports; and Sporting events as confidence-building measures and the role of sport in the promotion of integration and equality. The SHDM provided an opportunity for an exchange of views and experiences on racism, intolerance and discrimination. Discussions focused on a variety of themes, including existing forms of racism, intolerance and discrimination in the OSCE area and contemporary challenges in combating these phenomena. Participants proposed a number of key recommendations and best practice initiatives targeting a wide range of stakeholders. Underscoring the obligations of participating States to prevent intolerance, racist violence and discrimination in society and to prosecute persons who break laws against such acts, the participants stressed the role of stakeholders including civil society, sporting associations, the media, international organizations and prominent sports and public figures in awareness-raising, capacity-building, and educational initiatives. The need to take advantage of major sporting events like the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA), the European Football Championship 2012 (Euro 2012) and the London Olympics and Paralympics to raise awareness about racism, intolerance and discrimination was also underlined. The previous SHDM on racism and related issues was held in November 2011. The SHDM was preceded by a round table on Monitoring and Reporting Hate Crimes, Racism and Intolerance attended by 20 representatives of non-governmental organizations (NGOs). The participants prepared recommendations that were presented at the SHDM. These underscored the need for sporting associations and fan clubs to condemn explicitly acts of intolerance and discrimination and stressed the positive impact of the participation of sports celebrities in awareness-raising campaigns. II. SYNOPSIS OF THE SESSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS This section summarizes the discussions which took place during the opening session and the three thematic sessions and presents recommendations made by participants. -4The recommendations were directed towards a variety of actors, in particular OSCE participating States, OSCE institutions and field operations, civil society actors and representatives of international organizations. These recommendations have no official status and are not based on consensus. The inclusion of a recommendation in this report does not suggest that it reflects the views or policies of the OSCE. Nevertheless, these recommendations serve as useful indicators for the OSCE to reflect on how participating States are meeting their commitments to promote human rights in these areas. OPENING SESSION Opening remarks were delivered by Ambassador Eoin O'Leary, Chairperson of the OSCE Permanent Council, and by Ambassador Janez Lenarcic, Director of OSCE/ODIHR, followed by the keynote speech of Ms. Joia Jefferson Nuri, President and Chief Executive Officer of "In The Public Eye Communications" and Senior Advisor and Communications Strategist to TransAfrica1. Ambassador O'Leary recalled the commitments of OSCE participating States to take robust and timely measures against racism, intolerance and discrimination to ensure social stability and prevent conflicts. He underscored the special responsibility of political and public leaders in raising awareness about the dangers of racism and intolerance and called on them to condemn racist sentiments, especially when they are voiced in public. He added that through expeditious investigation and prosecution of hate crimes authorities send an important message to perpetrators and to affected communities. In conclusion, Ambassador O'Leary stressed the importance of comprehensive and long-term strategies to prevent racism, intolerance and discrimination in society. He underlined that sports could be used as a platform to prevent and respond to these phenomena. Ambassador Lenarcic stressed that sports can contribute to creating inclusive societies, in particular, by promoting the integration of migrants and persons belonging to vulnerable communities. He noted the existence of a robust normative framework to combat racism and discrimination at the international and national levels. He added that there are numerous successful initiatives to combat racism, such as those reported by governments, civil society and international organizations at the SHDM in November 2011. However, Ambassador Lenarcic urged participants to step up their efforts. He reminded political leaders, sports association leaders and lawenforcement agencies of their obligations to take appropriate actions to combat racist or intolerant conduct. In closing, he reiterated the need to support sustainable initiatives against racism, such as education and awareness-raising activities. The keynote speaker, Ms. Joia Jefferson Nuri, referred to the history of racism in the United States including in sports, and showed how through sports the African American population of the United States shaped American society and culture and challenged prejudices and racism in society. Her contribution to the opening session emphasized the significant role of sports in breaking down the barriers of race, 1 The texts of the opening session speeches can be found in Annexes 2 and 3. -5discrimination and intolerance and the impact of this on inclusion and equality within communities, as well as within broader society. She expressed concern that success in sports might also contribute to the emergence of new stereotypes and prejudices about particular groups and sustain discrimination in other areas. She also explained that racism could be understood as a "marketing strategy" that had successfully created and perpetuated patterns of domination that persisted for generations. Ms. Jefferson Nuri concluded that although racial discrimination in sport was almost defeated in the United States, it remains a major challenge in other areas of social life due to the persistence of prejudices, ignorance and misperceptions. SESSION I: RACISM, INTOLERANCE AND DISCRIMINATION: CONTEMPORARY MANIFESTATIONS AND CHALLENGES Introducers: Mr. Ralf-René Weingärtner, Director of the Directorate of Human Rights and Antidiscrimination, Council of Europe Mr. Valeriu Nicolae, Founder and Director, Policy Center for Roma and Minorities Moderator: Mr. Jean-Paul Makengo, President of the European Coalition of Cities against Racism (ECCAR) Working Session 1 offered the participants an opportunity to discuss current manifestations of racism, intolerance and discrimination in the OSCE area and their impact and implications for security in society, as well as to discuss existing challenges in preventing and combating racism. The first introducer of the Session, Mr. Ralf-René Weingärtner, described how the Council of Europe has been fighting discrimination in sports and promoting diversity and intercultural dialogue in and through sports. He stressed that racism in society and in sports remains a serious problem in Europe. While a robust legal framework exists at the international level, there are shortfalls in its translation into practice and enforcement at the national level. He reminded States of their obligation to enact appropriate legislation to combat racism and discrimination, including in sports, and highlighted the benefits of building the capacity of State actors to implement the law. Mr. Weingärtner underscored the potential of sports to fight discrimination, prejudices and stereotypes and to promote mutual understanding and respect. He noted that civil society, including professional and amateur sports associations, are principal actors for change. Mr. Weingärtner emphasized the need for co-operation among the relevant actors, including national and local authorities, sports associations and other non-governmental organizations to be successful. The second introducer of the session, Mr. Valeriu Nicolae, presented a good practice example that fostered the inclusion of Roma children through their participation in sports activities. With the support of well-known Romanian football players and the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA), the Policy Center for Roma and Minorities enrolled Roma children in sports activities, allowing the children to experience inclusion rather than exclusion for the first time in their lives. He contended that many children were transformed by this experience, turning away from drug abuse and anti-social behavior. He concluded by saying that he aimed at -6engaging children from different communities to play together in one team, so as to increase their chances to participate in society. The subsequent discussion showed that no part of the OSCE area is immune from manifestations of racism, intolerance and discrimination. Both majority and minority groups were mentioned as targets of acts of violence and discrimination across the OSCE region. Several participants underscored the risk of escalation of isolated acts of intolerance into larger social unrest in times of economic crisis. A number of participants deplored that at times extremist and ultra-nationalist groups used sports events to express their racist views. Others noted that expressions of bias in the sports arena had become commonplace. Overall, participants expressed concern about episodes of verbal and physical intolerance targeting in particular Muslims, Roma, Christians, Jews and other groups at sporting events. They stressed that sports associations and fan clubs should be used systematically to promote a culture in societies where equality is respected and diversity is valued. Some speakers mentioned that better use of the media and marketing strategies should be made to combat prejudices and stereotypes. The importance of implementing existing OSCE commitments to combat hate crimes, including the Ministerial Council Decision 9/092, was underlined. Some participants called upon participating States to include a comprehensive definition of hate crimes in their legislation and to ensure effective investigation and prosecution of hate crimes. One participant noted with concern that in some participating States, hate crimes are not registered by the authorities. A number of participants stressed the pressing need for establishing comprehensive systems of monitoring, collecting and reporting hate crime data. Disaggregation of data by bias type was mentioned as a good practice by few participants. Some speakers encouraged participating States to submit hate crime data to ODIHR and to share information on best practices with ODIHR and other participating States in order to develop common approaches to address the issue. Training of law enforcement personnel, outreach to affected communities and close co-operation between police and civil society were mentioned as examples of good practice. A number of speakers encouraged participating States to prohibit all aspects and forms of discrimination, including on the grounds of sexual orientation and gender identity. Many participants underlined the importance of preventive measures to achieve sustainable results in the fight against racism. They called for implementation of such initiatives as educational activities, awareness-raising and public campaigns promoting tolerance and non-discrimination in sports and through sports. One participant stressed the need to improve financial support for grassroots organizations. Numerous participants commented on the role of sports as a platform for promoting social cohesion, mutual understanding and tolerance, both within and across national borders. Several interventions described initiatives highlighting how sporting events could serve as a mechanism to build confidence and mutual understanding among 2 The full text of the Ministerial Council decision is available at http://www.osce.org/cio/40695. -7communities, and in particular to integrate migrants and persons belonging to minorities. Participation in sports was presented as a first step to ensure integration in societies, in particular access to employment and political life. There was considerable discussion of the upcoming Euro 2012 Football Championship and the Olympic and Paralympic Games in London as good opportunities to show how sports can eradicate bias and discrimination that could lead to violence. The potential of the Paralympic Games to challenge the misconceptions and hostility that fuel hate crime against persons with disabilities was underscored. Hate speech and intolerance in public discourse were also discussed during the session. Participants stressed the important role public figures, such as political leaders or top athletes, can play in condemning hate speech and intolerant discourse. Some speakers referred to the importance of criminalizing speech that incites violence. Noting the risk of restricting free speech, others stressed the need to comply with international law and standards when introducing provisions on speech into criminal law. More generally, a number of participants emphasized the importance of respecting fundamental rights, in particular freedom of expression, freedom of association and assembly, and freedom of religion or belief when fighting racism and intolerance. At the conclusion of the session, Mr. Weingärtner stressed the importance of working in parallel against both hate crimes and intolerant conduct. He underlined that such efforts should target not only right-wing extremists, but also aim at all layers of society. The following specific recommendations were made in Session 1: Recommendations to OSCE participating States: Participating States should implement OSCE commitments on monitoring and reporting of hate crimes; OSCE participating States should collect and submit data regarding hate crimes to ODIHR for use in its annual report on hate crimes; When collecting data on hate crimes, participating States should produce disaggregated statistics based on ethnicity and religion; OSCE participating States that have not yet done so should enact laws that establish hate crimes as specific offences or provide enhanced penalties for bias-motivated violent crimes; OSCE participating States that have not yet done so should initiate law enforcement training programmes on responding to hate crimes, and should draw on the training expertise of OSCE institutions in this field;3 Participating States should uphold their commitments in the area of freedom of religion, anti-discrimination and freedom of expression; OSCE participating States should increase their efforts to collect reliable statistics on hate crimes, including on those targeting Christians, and send the data to ODIHR; One such programme is the ODIHR's Training against Hate Crimes for Law Enforcement (TAHCLE); further information on the programme is available at http://www.osce.org/odihr/77457. 3 -8 OSCE participating States should take action against incidents or crimes on the grounds of sexual orientation and gender identity; OSCE participating States should support existing initiatives by civil society organizations, sports associations and fan clubs aimed at preventing and responding to manifestations of intolerance in sports; OSCE participating States should encourage and support public campaigns to promote understanding, fairness and equality, with the participation of wellknown athletes; OSCE participating States should encourage partnerships between national and local authorities on the one hand and civil society on the other to tackle discrimination in society; OSCE participating States should increase, especially in times of crisis, their financial support for activities to promote tolerance and non-discrimination and for ODIHR activities in these fields; The Chairmanship-in-Office should appoint a Personal Representative on Combating Intolerance and Discrimination against Christians; In follow-up to the OSCE Conferences in Berlin, Brussels, Cordoba, Bucharest and Astana, OSCE participating States should convene a high-level Conference in 2013 on racism, intolerance and discrimination; The upcoming Ukrainian Chairmanship-in-Office should organize an expert meeting to follow up on recommendations from the SHDM of November 2011 and the SHDM of April 2012. Recommendations to OSCE institutions and field operations: The Representative on Freedom of the Media and ODIHR should develop tools for media professionals to combat racism, intolerance and discrimination. These tools can include guidelines for voluntary professional standards and self-regulation of the media; ODIHR should conduct training for educators, members of the media, civil society, law enforcement personnel and other members of the criminal justice sector, including prosecutors and judges, on how to address and respond to hate crimes. Recommendations to international organizations: International organizations should fight intolerance and discrimination against Christians with the same determination as they fight hatred against members of other religious communities; International organizations should improve their co-ordination efforts to increase the effectiveness of measures to combat racism. SESSION II: MONITORING, PREVENTING AND RESPONDING TO HATE CRIMES, RACIST INCIDENTS, INTOLERANCE AND DISCRIMINATION, INCLUDING IN SPORTS Introducers: Mr. Paulo Gomes, Chair of the Standing Committee of the European Convention on Spectator Violence and Misbehaviour at Sports Events and National Director of the Portuguese Public Safety Police -9Ms. Marie-Luise Würtenberger, Head of the Tolerance Division of the German Federal Ministry of the Interior Moderator: Mr. Pavel Klymenko, Chair of the "Football Against Prejudices" initiative and Member of Football against Racism in Europe Network (FARE) Working Session 2 offered an opportunity for participants to discuss good practice examples of and gaps in monitoring, preventing and responding to intolerance, including in sports. The first introducer of the session, Mr. Paulo Gomes, presented the monitoring mechanisms for implementation of the European Convention on Spectator Violence and Misbehaviour at Sports Events. He recalled that most European States have committed to adopt a legal framework and policies to prevent and combat racist, xenophobic, discriminatory and intolerant behaviour in sports. He referred to a number of national initiatives that aim at ensuring the safety of athletes and spectators at sporting events. For example, a number of States launched anti-racist campaigns with the support of UEFA. He highlighted the activities of international nongovernmental organizations such as FARE and Football Supporters Europe. He gave particular credit to the Centre for Access to Football in Europe for its efforts to promote the rights of supporters with disabilities. In concluding, Mr. Gomes stressed that government and civil society actions were complementary and needed better coordination. The second introducer of the session, Ms. Marie-Luise Würtenberger, presented the German experience in fighting against right-wing extremism in and through sport. She provided background information on two initiatives to illustrate her point. The first initiative, the "Fan Project" was implemented in 2002 by the city of Darmstadt with the support of the Federal Government and the German Football Federation. Its objective was to raise awareness about experiences of prejudice and intolerance among football fans. The organizers made a documentary film showing the impact of prejudice, with testimonies of fans and former neo-Nazi activists, and used its screening to start discussions on the topic. The project was replicated in 51 German cities. The second initiative consisted of the organization of joint campaigns by the Government and sports associations to raise awareness about the dangers of rightwing extremist ideology and the risk of sports clubs being infiltrated by right-wing activists. Successful components of the project included mobilization of well-known athletes, preventive work with young athletes and fans, and encouragement of the leadership to speak out against racist and other intolerant behaviour. The presentations generated lively discussion. Some participants reiterated the points made in the previous session regarding the persistence of all forms of intolerance across the OSCE region, the need to adopt hate crime legislation and the importance of collecting comprehensive and reliable hate crime data. Other interventions expressed concern about the increasing number of racist incidents. They reiterated the need to adopt appropriate legislation and to implement it robustly. They called on authorities to build the capacity of law enforcement agencies to investigate and prosecute hate crimes and encouraged them to make use of ODIHR's Training against Hate Crime for Law Enforcement program. One participant underlined the importance of responding to so-called low-level hate incidents to stop - 10 the cycle of violence. Others noted that manifestations of intolerance also stemmed from the leadership of sports clubs, associations and athletes, although most publicized events involved fans. There appeared to be general agreement that measures could be effective and sustainable only if they targeted all actors involved in sports. Some speakers pointed out that law enforcement authorities and sports associations needed concrete guidance on how to respond to manifestations of intolerance based on bias in the sports arena. One intervention noted that a ministry of interior issued guidelines for law enforcement on how to respond to abusive, racist and discriminatory remarks and chants during football games. This document was also widely disseminated to sports clubs officials, supporter associations and referees. Discrimination in sports management was discussed as well. Several participants regretted that few members of minority groups have been appointed to management positions in sports and suggested the introduction of quotas as a good practice. Participants condemned some media outlets for spreading intolerant discourse, prejudice and stereotypes, saying that the media has an ethical responsibility to use its influence to counter prejudice and stereotypes. A number of participants raised again the need for role models such as political leaders and top athletes to speak out against racism and discrimination. A variety of good practices were mentioned, including awareness-raising initiatives, public campaigns with the participation of sports celebrities and praise by public figures of fair play. Other examples included educational measures, such as antibullying training for youth and programmes promoting the participation of children from vulnerable communities in sporting events. Some participants mentioned the creation of "safety director" positions and the training of stewards as ways to recognize racist speech during events. A representative of one of the host countries of EURO 2012 described a range of measures put in place to monitor and prevent racist and intolerant incidents during the championship. Examples included public awareness campaigns against racism, antibias programs in schools, creation of so-called "inclusivity zones" were everybody should feel safe and establishment of "embassies of football fans," a support service aimed at making fans feel welcome in foreign countries. To conclude the session, Mr. Gomes reiterated the importance of adopting comprehensive national action plans to combat violence in sports. He called for improved co-operation between civil society and government authorities in this area. The following additional specific recommendations were made in Session 2: Recommendations to OSCE participating States: OSCE participating States should ensure security and safety at sports events; OSCE participating States should draw up comprehensive national action plans to combat racism and intolerance in and through sports, in close cooperation with sports associations and civil society at large. - 11 - Recommendations to OSCE institutions and field operations: ODIHR should develop educational material on preventing and responding to hate crimes and incidents against Christians. Recommendations to non-governmental organizations Non-governmental organizations dealing with racism and intolerance and sports association should improve co-operation to fight intolerance more effectively; Sports clubs should encourage top athletes to promote mutual respect and understanding. SESSION III: SPORTING EVENTS AS CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES AND THE ROLE OF SPORT IN THE PROMOTION OF INTEGRATION AND EQUALITY Introducers: Mr. Ceno Aleksandrovski, Country Coordinator of the Open Fun Football Schools Lord Michael Walton Bates, Member of the House of Lords Moderator: Dr. Mischa Thompson, Member of the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe (Helsinki Commission) The third working session presented participants with the opportunity to exchange information about initiatives and sports programmes aimed at fostering understanding, tolerance and mutual respect for others as a means of combating discrimination, prejudices and stereotypes across the OSCE region. The first introducer of the session, Mr. Ceno Aleksandrovski, described the Open Fun Football Schools, a project implemented by the Cross Cultures Project Association. The project's objective is to promote mutual respect and understanding among youth from different ethnic and religious communities. Since 1998, the Association has organized summer schools for more than 250,000 children in South-Eastern Europe and in the Middle East involving football games and other recreational activities. Emphasis is put on bringing children together in a safe environment to help them appreciate their differences and discover similarities. The second introducer of the session, Lord Michael Walton Bates, presented his initiative to revive the Olympic Truce concept in the run-up to the 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games. In an effort to draw attention to the original spirit of the Olympic Games, Lord Bates walked 3,000 miles across Europe from Athens to London. On his journey through the Balkans, the battlefields of the First and Second World Wars and across the former front line of the Cold War, Lord Bates promoted the key principles of the Olympic Games: fairness, equality and respect. The initiative was presented to the United Nations General Assembly in October 2011 and was cosponsored by all 193 UN member States.4 U.N. General Assembly, 66th Session. "Draft Resolution [Building a peaceful and better world through sport and the Olympic ideal]" (A/66/L.3). 11 October 2011. Adopted on 17 October 2011 under A/RES/66/5. 4 - 12 - In the discussion that followed, the participants agreed that sports could serve as an efficient platform to promote equality and respect. It was noted that team games in particular promoted loyalty, friendship and solidarity among players from different backgrounds. Some participants regretted that the majority of football associations in the European Union limit the number of foreigners allowed to register. A suggestion was made to analyze the legal barriers to the participation of foreigners in sports. As in the previous sessions, many participants stressed the potential of prominent athletes to be positive role models. Some mentioned that celebrities should be asked systematically to engage in anti-racism campaigns. A number of participants underlined the importance of ensuring career opportunities in management and ownership of sports clubs for retired athletes, in particular those belonging to minorities. Some participants recalled the "Rooney rule" ­ which requires teams in the U.S. National Football League to interview candidates from minority groups for head coach and other senior positions ­ as an example of positive action and called for broader implementation of this rule in all sports. Recognizing the added value of initiatives involving sports, a number of speakers urged participating States to increase funding for programs combating intolerance and discrimination in and through sports. To conclude the session, Mr. Aleksandrovski stressed the importance of ensuring gender equality and participation of women in top management positions in international and national sport organizations. Lord Bates reiterated that sportsmen and sportswomen can bring change and should be urged to display positive values of fairness, equality and respect. The following additional specific recommendations were made in Session 3: Recommendations to OSCE participating States: OSCE participating States should increase financial support for programs, including sports programs, fostering appreciation for diversity and combating all forms of discrimination; OSCE participating States should develop national action plans to fight racism, intolerance and discrimination in consultation with affected groups; OSCE participating States should develop, if they have not done so yet, policies to foster participation of youth in sports; OSCE participating States should support civil society initiatives that promote interaction of youth from diverse ethnic communities; OSCE participating States should analyze the legal barriers to the participation of foreigners in sports; OSCE participating States should systematically ask sports celebrities to participate in anti-racism campaigns. Recommendations to the OSCE institutions and field operations: OSCE field operations should support sports programs and youth development initiatives to combat discrimination and prevent hate crimes; OSCE institutions and field operations should publicly condemn manifestations of intolerance based on bias. - 13 - Recommendations to civil society: Sports associations should subject members who are involved in racist acts and/or speech to strong sanctions as a clear deterrent. Such sanctions should be consistently applied; Sports associations should work in collaboration to agree upon appropriate and effective sanctions; Sports associations should consider utilizing affirmative action initiatives in their hiring processes. - 14 - III. ANNEXES ANNEX 1: Agenda Supplementary Human Dimension Meeting COMBATING RACISM, INTOLERANCE AND DISCRIMINATION IN SOCIETY THROUGH SPORT 19-20 April 2012 Hofburg, Vienna AGENDA Day 1 15:00 ­ 16:00 19 April 2012 OPENING SESSION Opening remarks: Ambassador Eoin O'Leary, Chairperson of the OSCE Permanent Council, Ireland's Permanent Representative to the OSCE Ambassador Janez Lenarcic, Director, OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (OSCE/ODIHR) Keynote speech: Ms. Joia Jefferson Nuri, Senior Advisor and Communications Strategist to TransAfrica Technical information by Ms. Floriane Hohenberg, Head of the Tolerance and Non-Discrimination Department of the OSCE/ODIHR 16:00 ­ 18:00 SESSION I: Racism, Intolerance and Discrimination: Contemporary Manifestations and Challenges Moderator: Mr. Jean-Paul Makengo, President of the European Coalition of Cities against Racism (ECCAR) Introducers: Mr. Ralf-René Weingärtner, Director of the Directorate of Human Rights and Anti-discrimination, Council of Europe - 15 Mr. Valeriu Nicolae, Director of Policy Center for Roma and Minorities 18:00 ­ 19:00 Reception hosted by the Irish Chairmanship Day 2 10:00 ­ 12:00 20 April 2012 SESSION II: Monitoring, Preventing and Responding to Hate Crimes, Racist Incidents, Intolerance and Discrimination, including in Sports Moderator: Mr. Pavel Klymenko, Chair of the 'Football Against Prejudices' initiative and Member of Football against Racism in Europe Network (FARE) Introducers: Mr. Paulo Gomes, Chair of the Standing Committee of the European Convention on Spectator Violence and Misbehaviour at Sports Events and National Director of the Portuguese Public Safety Police Ms. Marie-Luise Würtenberger, Head of the Tolerance Division of the German Federal Ministry of the Interior 12:00 ­ 14:00 14:00 ­ 16:00 Lunch SESSION III: Sporting Events as Confidence-Building Measures and the Role of Sport in the Promotion of Integration and Equality Moderator: Dr. Mischa Thompson, Member of the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe (Helsinki Commission) Introducers: Lord Michael Walton Bates, Member of the House of Lords Mr. Ceno Aleksandrovski, Country Coordinator of the Open Fun Football Schools 16:00 ­ 16:30 16:30 ­ 17:30 Break CLOSING SESSION Reports by the Moderators of the Working Sessions - 16 Comments from the floor Closing remarks Ambassador Janez Lenarcic, Director of the OSCE/ODIHR 17:30 Closing of the meeting - 17 - ANNEX 2: Opening Remarks Address by Ambassador O'Leary Chairperson of the OSCE Permanent Council at the Opening Session of the OSCE Supplementary Human Dimension Meeting on "Combating Racism, Intolerance, and Discrimination in Society through Sport" Hofburg, Vienna 19 April 2012 Good afternoon everyone and welcome to the 1st Supplementary Human Dimension Meeting of the year, on the topic of Combating Racism, Intolerance and Discrimination in Society through Sport. This event is particularly topical in view of some high-profile sporting events taking places in OSCE participating States including the UEFA European Championships in Poland and Ukraine (to which Ireland have qualified for the first time in 24 years) and of course the Olympic Games in the United Kingdom. We are all too familiar with manifestations of racism and other forms of discrimination and intolerance against sportsmen and women, as can be seen by some recent high-profile incidents in major European football leagues. This is a particularly damaging and dangerous phenomenon because of the danger that younger sports fans may learn new prejudices or have existing prejudices reinforced by their role models. Of course manifestations of hatred and intolerance do not just occur in sports, and despite efforts to combat intolerance in society, many individuals continue to be victims of discrimination and violent acts continue to threaten stability and security of the OSCE region. Measures to prevent acts of racism and/or intolerance are necessary not only to protect the targets of hatred, but also to ensure social stability. Failure to do so can lead to deep-rooted social tensions and conflicts and, in the worst-case scenario, conflicts that may degenerate into broader ethnic-based violence and a breakdown of the political order. We need to ensure that this outcome is prevented by expeditious and robust state intervention. - 18 To be more effective, responses to prevent racism, intolerance and discrimination need to be focused. Participating States are encouraged to step up their efforts to address manifestations of intolerance and in particular hate crime in a timely and robust fashion since they have the potential to degenerate into broader conflicts. Political leaders also bear a special responsibility in raising awareness about the dangers and unacceptability of racism and intolerance. They should vocally and clearly condemn racist sentiments when they are voiced in public and political discourse. Law enforcement agencies also have a crucial role to play in combating racism, intolerance and discrimination in society and sport. Prompt and thorough investigation of incidents and crimes is important in sending out a message to perpetrators that society will not tolerate these kinds of behavior or actions thereby sending out a message of support to the victims and their communities. This is an important outreach activity and one that must be considered anytime racist, intolerant, and discriminatory acts occur. Therefore we hope that this Supplementary Human Dimension Meeting can use sport as a platform to address the wider issues of intolerance in society. Across the OSCE region millions of people are engaged in sport as spectators and participants, at all age groups and across diverse backgrounds. Sport has the capacity to be an important vehicle for promoting social cohesion, mutual understanding and tolerance, both within and across national borders. For instance in Ireland, for decades sport had been an area of division, even resulting in certain professions and sections of society prohibited from playing or participating in Gaelic football or hurling (the two national sports in Ireland). However these anachronistic rules were repealed as peace emerged and sport is now seen as a means to bring cohesiveness to society, and is recognized by politicians of all backgrounds who are keen to be seen attending high profile sporting events. Sporting events can and do serve as a mechanism to build confidence and mutual understanding and promote tolerance and respect between different communities. - 19 Furthermore, they serve to highlight the important role of sport in promoting integration, equality and tolerance in society at large. I hope the meeting leads to constructive debate and I look forward to hearing your thoughts throughout the three working sessions which include some excellent speakers, moderators and introducers with expertise in combating intolerance in sport and across society. Thank you very much. Address by Ambassador Janez Lenarcic Director of the OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) at the Opening Session of the OSCE Supplementary Human Dimension Meeting on "Combating Racism, Intolerance, and Discrimination in Society through Sport" Hofburg, Vienna 19 April 2012 Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen, It gives me great pleasure to welcome you to this Supplementary Human Dimension Meeting on "Combating Racism, Intolerance, and Discrimination in Society through Sport" this afternoon. Over the next two days, we should examine contemporary forms of racism, intolerance and discrimination ­ including hate crimes ­ in societies across the OSCE region. More concretely, we should analyze how sport and sporting events can be used to tackle these phenomena and share good practices developed to promote diversity and equality. These are not new phenomena, but the challenges seem to be on the rise. Let me mention three of them: The continued economic crisis that at times results in "scapegoating" of visible minorities; The portrayal of migration as a threat to local populations, the rise of right wing political parties and groups expounding nationalist and xenophobic ideologies; And at the same, drastic cuts to public spending, which have particularly affected social awareness programmes. A robust normative framework has been developed to combat racism and discrimination at both international and regional levels; but the pace of progress has been slow. ODIHR's annual hate crime report shows that intolerance and - 20 discrimination remain a significant problem across the OSCE region, undermining personal, neighbourhood and State security, and eroding confidence across and among communities. People are discriminated against, threatened and injured when they are targeted for no other reason than being perceived as belonging to a specific ethnic, "racial", religious or other group. A host of initiatives, emanating from government agencies, civil society and international organizations, were presented at the last SHDM in November 2011 in the area of awareness raising or education. But most participants stressed the need to devise a concerted approach in order to achieve sustainable results. Sports can certainly be an area where all these actors can make a difference: it brings together millions of people, transcending sex, colour, gender, age, nationality or religion, and has thus the potential to play an important role in creating an inclusive society. Sports activities ­ ranging from the local to the national and international level, at an amateur and professional level ­ can support the integration of migrants and persons belonging to minorities into society as whole. Indeed, it is in the arena of sports where minorities break through the glass ceiling. So sport has the potential to promote inclusion, and I am certain we will hear more on this from our speakers today. Far from being a marginal activity, sports have favored the emergence of a number of new role models. Millions of people, and not only youth, look up to the top athletes: their behaviour on the playground, their attitudes in life and their statements have the potential to influence society at large. But of course sport, as an activity that focuses emotions of societies, is not beyond the challenges that societies themselves face. Racism and intolerance also manifest themselves in sports. Athletes and their support teams and sports fans have been the target of attacks based on religious, ethnic, racial, linguistic or other bias. Also, national and international sporting events have been used by ultranationalist groups to spread racial prejudice and xenophobia. These events are well reported on and imply a crucial role to be played by law enforcement, sports federations and fan clubs to prevent and respond effectively to manifestations of racism and hate. Ladies and Gentlemen, This year, two major sporting events are taking place ­ the Olympic Games in London and the UEFA EURO football championship in Poland and Ukraine. Both events will attract millions of fans. - 21 In this meeting, we will hear about programmes and initiatives developed by governments and civil society organizations which build confidence and promote integration and equality in societies. We all bear a responsibility to support these initiatives and to respond adequately to intolerant and racist acts. Political leaders especially need to raise their voice and speak out about the dangers and unacceptability of racism and intolerance. So do heads of national leagues and fan clubs. They have an obligation to condemn racist sentiments when they are voiced in political and sports discourse. Law enforcement and criminal justice agencies also have a crucial role to play ­ expeditious and robust investigation of incidents and crimes sends out the message that society will not tolerate such acts; and that victim communities will be protected. It is my hope that the discussions over the next two days will lead to a number of recommendations for participating States, civil society and ODIHR. I hope that these recommendations will shed a new light on how we can be more effective and efficient in our efforts to fight racism, intolerance and discrimination. Our Office will continue to be at your disposal to offer assistance and support to all participating States in this endeavour. Thank you. ANNEX 3: Keynote Speech by Joia Jefferson Nuri Good afternoon. I would like to thank the OSCE for the invitation to address the Supplementary Human Dimension Meeting on Combating racism and intolerant behavior through sports. I want to extend a special thank you to the Chairmanship-inOffice and to the ODIHR Director, Ambassador Janez Lenarcic, for extending the invitation to me to speak here. Our challenge at this meeting is to define and understand contemporary manifestations of racism, intolerance and discrimination in - 22 society and seek innovative practices in sports for combating identity-based hatred and violence. Before proceeding, please allow me to say a few words about myself. I am Joia Jefferson Nuri and I address you today as a public policy communications strategist from the United States. I assist NGOs and political and community leaders in developing the most effective messaging and methodology to seek workable solutions to these issues. In the exploration of ways to find common language I have travelled to South Africa, Zimbabwe, Brazil, Venezuela, England, France, and throughout the United States. I hope to show you the connection between sports and the ongoing race debate in the United States. Statements of defiance to the social constructs of racism through sports have a long history in dictating the inherent power of sports to galvanize people around broader social issues and concerns. In my home country, professional sports were off limits for black men until the 20th century. Sports represented the same complete segregation that was the legal norm in the rest of society. Professional Baseball, the National Football League and professional boxing would not allow black men to compete. In the early 20th century legendary heavy weight boxer Jack Johnson started a chain of events that would not only begin to reshape American sports but American society and culture. In 1908 two sports dominated the American landscape: baseball and boxing. Both sports drew large crowds and every sports writer knew that to get readers they had to cover baseball and boxing. To be the heavy weight champion is one of the greatest honors afforded an athlete. Jack Johnson was a confident black man who vocally expressed his opposition to the racist laws that defined America and also proudly proclaimed his superiority over any other fighter (black or white). This bravado rustled the feathers of American culture and sports journalism. There were cries encouraging someone to come forward and quiet Jack Johnson. In 1910, the white undefeated former heavy weight champion James Jefferies came out of retirement to fight Johnson. The racial tension was so high the day of the fight that guns were banned from the arena where the fight was being held. In 15 rounds Jack Johnson defeated Jefferies. History records that the outcome of the fight triggered violence against black men by whites all across the United States. Historian Ken Burns reports that Johnson's victory over Jeffries had dashed the white communities' long held belief that blacks were inferior and incapable of defeating a white man in a sport. The ramifications of the Jack Johnson victory and his continued success for more than a decade also held political ramifications. The question among whites arose: if a black man can win at sports what other feats was he capable of? The success of Jack Johnson in a boxing ring opened the political dialogue in the United States for a bigger discussion about race and equality. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, the NAACP, was formed in the years of Mr. Johnson prominence in sports. - 23 Today, nearly 100 years later, the NAACP stands as a pillar of political thought in the US on race. Sports are a thread that weaves itself through our lives and represents not only our heartfelt attraction to competition but is also a barometer of our society's beliefs about race and other forms of intolerance and prejudices. Years after Jack Johnson, as the world was sliding into global conflict for a second time, the Olympics, the oldest sporting event, took place in Berlin. In 1936 Adolf Hitler hoped the games would showcase German supremacy in sports and thus support his political objectives. A 23 year old African-American track and field athlete named Jesse Owens became the most successful athlete in the games. He won four gold medals in five days. This was a huge blow against Hitler's Nazi propaganda as well as a victory in the fight for race equality globally. But despite his victories in the Berlin Olympics, racial segregation faced Jesse Owens when he returned to the U.S.: You see Owens was only allowed to ride the service elevators in the New York City hotel where he was being honored. In the 20th century, two more times would a boxing champion be the world's most recognizable representative of the continuing battle around race. In 1936 a soft spoken African-American boxer named Joe Louis was defeated by Germany's Max Schmeling. Schmeling's victory over a black man was touted by Nazi officials as proof of their doctrine of Aryan supremacy. For their rematch in 1938 the Nazi party sent representatives with Schmeling to New York City. All over the world activists were fighting the global battle to end colonialism in Africa and the Caribbean as well as segregation in the United States. Their numbers were small and their voices could barely be heard over the cultural, governmental, and societal institutions that held blacks as inferior or as US Supreme Court Justice Roger B. Taney wrote in 1857, "The negro has no rights which the white man is bound to respect". But now the activists would be heard loud and clear. In 1938, more than 70,000 people came to Yankee Stadium in New York to see the fight between a descendant of slaves and a German national for the heavy weight championship of the world. The fight was broadcast to millions of people around the world in English, German, Spanish and Portuguese. The fight lasted two minutes and four seconds. Joe Louis knocked Schmeling out and was proclaimed the heavy weight championship of the world, title he held longer than any other champion in history. My father told me stories about that night. He was a young man in Pennsylvania. He said that black people gathered in bars and churches and homes and listened on the radio. After Joe Louis defeated Max Schmeling he said there were cheers and laughter from every corner of the black community in Pennsylvania and around the country. Black people saw Louis' victory as their own. The defeat of Schmeling was affirmation of their own abilities and humanity. Unfortunately, my father tells me, that a racist portion of the white community took the defeat of Schmeling badly. Black men were beaten and killed that night by mobs - 24 of white men who also believed Louis' victory represented a paradigm change in race relations. Sports and sporting figures force us into a truth telling that we can avoid on many other stages. The grandness of sports and the glaring light we shine on it makes it hard to hide the dirty little secret of racism. Muhammad Ali held that spotlight on us and forced us into a conversation about war and race that altered the way the US dealt with both for a generation. Thirty years after Joe Louis' defeat of Max Schmeling, the charismatic heavy weight champion of the world Cassius Clay, who we now know as Muhammad Ali, converted to Islam and refused to be drafted into the US army and be sent to Vietnam to fight. As a penalty for his defiance, he lost his boxing licence and with it, the right to fight. He also lost millions of dollars and his reputation was tarnished in most circles. The media attacked him. Politicians condemned him as being un-American and a traitor. Muhammad Ali stood for a just and inclusive society. He refused to fight for American "freedom" abroad when as a black American he was not free. Despite being at the top of his field, in 1960's America the Jim Crow segregation laws limited where he could live, eat and educate his children. When asked why he did not enlist in the Army and go fight in Vietnam like thousands of others of US citizens, he replied, "I ain't got no quarrel with the Vietcong... No Vietcong ever called me nigger." The anti-war movement in the United States, and around the world, gained a strong voice in the battle to end an unjust war and the civil rights movement drew strength from this athlete who stood as a man demanding his humanity. After World War II America's most popular sport at the time, baseball, integrated. Jackie Robinson broke the baseball's "color line" when he played his first game with the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1947. Jackie Robinson's outstanding character and unquestioned talent as an athlete challenged the basis of segregation. In following years, the civil rights movement in the United States became more vocal and gained strength from the integration of what was then called "America's pastime". The new demands were also fuelled by the black soldiers' contributions to the war efforts. Civil Rights lawyers such as Thurgood Marshall, who later served on the Supreme Court, and young leaders such as Martin Luther King, Jr. created strategies to support the integration of all public services and facilities. The 1950's saw a concerted effort by lawyers and activists to eliminate segregation laws in schools, public transportation, and housing. In 1968 the ultimate challenge to racism by black athletes happened at the Olympic Games in Mexico City. Tommy Smith and John Carlos stood before the world accepting their medals with fists held in the air giving the black power salute. Like Muhammad Ali, they became intentional symbols of defiance. They stood bravely demanding their nation honor them as men and not just sports figures. - 25 - Sports have played a significant role in breaking down the barriers of race, discrimination and intolerance. But this is a double-edged sword. While, as I have pointed out, sports is the measuring stick by which we can so often measure racism, it is also a mechanism that is used to cast black men as physical brutes who are only capable of major career success on a playing field or in a boxing ring. In large measure the most famous and successful black men are athletes or entertainers. The belief that black men have dominant physical abilities dates back to dehumanizing images of slaves and colonized black men doing physical labor. Advertising executive Tom Burrell, author of the best seller Brain Washed, asserts that racism is a marketing strategy that has created images of power and inferiority that we have all bought into for generations. If we accept this premise, it is important for us to reverse the images and behaviors that support that lie. At the heart of the problem is ignorance of each other and fear of change. From grade school through college black children are pushed to be athletes because of what is commonly called their "natural ability". Throughout my own studies I knew many black students who were told not to waste their time dreaming of law school. They should play sports. Today college athletes are leaving college early to pursue a professional career. There is little regard to getting the best education to prepare for life. Sports are a short cut to success. This continues to be a dangerous precedent. I had the privilege of attending a previous SHDM here last November. I heard the moving keynote address by Ms. Doreen Lawrence who told the story the violent murder of her son, Stephen, at the hands of bigots. He was standing at a bus stop. He was just standing there. He was stabbed and killed. She took us through an emotional journey of hearing of her son's murder, the failure of authorities to respond to her pleas for justice in a timely manner and the courage it has taken for her to mount a fight for justice for her son, all black children and mothers all over the globe. Thankfully, she finally received some justice with the subsequent guilty verdicts and sentences handed down to two of the alleged attackers of her son. I am a mother. My daughter is a young adult. A decade ago when she became old enough to go out into the community without me, the fear began. The marketing campaign of racism that paints my young black child and her male friends as threats fills me with the fear that potentially Doreen Lawrence's sad story will one day be my own. The constant bombardment of reductive images of black people as entertainers, athletes or criminals is pejorative and must be questioned. My child and her friends are not entertainers or athletes thus many conclude: they must be criminals. I sit in fear each time she leaves the house that a simple traffic stop, a small argument, or a misunderstanding will result in major injury or her death. I listened to Doreen Lawrence with tears in my eyes because I fear her story will become my story not because my daughter will do something wrong but simply by the fact that she is young and black in a world where her life does not hold the same value of the children of other races and ethnicities. - 26 This story of race and violence is currently playing itself out in the United States and on the front pages of newspapers around the world. A 17 year old African American named Trayvon Martin was walking through a gated community in Florida. Trayvon was wearing a hooded jacket and baggy pants, common attire for young people in the U.S. An armed neighborhood watch captain, a middle aged white man, shot and killed him. George Zimmerman did not kill Trayvon Martin because of what he did but because of his race and age. The watch captain was arrested 50 days after the killing and only after an international outcry and the appointment of a special prosecutor by Florida's governor. Unfortunately, as noted by many European newspapers, this is a common story in US history ­ the devaluing of black life and the failure of government agencies to enforce the law when faced with the conflict between a white man's recollections of the events versus a black life. In my own life the constant fear that goes with being black played out just a few weeks ago. I have spent my life trying to combat the slings and arrows of racism by getting a good education, building a successful career and establishing some level of financial security. This has afforded me international travel and a home in a wellheeled neighborhood in suburban Washington, D.C. I love my home and I have come to know my middle class white neighbors well. But two weeks ago my daughter's best friend came to visit. He is a 22 year old, 6'2" black man with a very large, deep voice. Tom is a lovely young man who wears the uniform of many young men, baggy pants and a hooded sweat shirt. On this particular evening as the warm spring night drew near he told me he wanted to take a walk through the neighborhood. I was horrified. I feared my neighbors would not respond well to seeing a young black man walking in the neighborhood alone at night. I did not think he would be shot but I was quite certain someone would call the police. I have walked my 125 pound Akita through the neighborhood twice a day for the past 7 years. My neighbors sometimes only recognize me because I am with the dog. I told Tom to take the dog with him so the neighbors would see him as benign. They know the dog and with the dog they would look upon him kindly. If he were Kobe Bryant or Michael Jordan he would be safe. But as an average black person in America he lives every day under the threat of harm. As he walked away from the house with the dog on a leash my eyes filled with tears. Why do I have to send a dog to protect a black man? Why can't black men move freely through my community or any community without fear of attack? Who are we members of the human race that even today we buy into the supreme marketing strategy of racial inferiority and intimidation? I stood there on my street, lined with perfectly manicured lawns, and felt the same fear and anguish of every black mother on earth. We see images, attach a historical value to them and respond accordingly. Constant media images of black men committing crimes and white men as the CEO reinforce the notion of power and inferiority. After generations of mis-education our most daunting task is the change perceptions. In the age of high speed internet the images come at us faster and with more power than generations before us. What role does popular culture ­television, movies, music videos ­ play in the continuation of racially charged images? What role could the internet and popular culture play in shaping a new paradigm of perception of race, gender, and people from different cultures? - 27 - I am part of an industry that crafts marketing images. I work with my clients to define the problem; assess the full situation; set goals, make a plan of execution and create an implementation plan. What would the future hold if communications strategists, film makers, television producers, publishers, and government leaders were given a decade long assignment of countermanding the racist marketing scheme that has been the underpinning of racism and xenophobia? Crossing all borders the charge to these professional imagemakers would create a truth that reflected the world we live in today. And the world we are building for tomorrow. What if we change, alter our perceptions of each other? Changing the false perception of race would give the survivor space to grow and alleviate the threat felt by the perpetrator. In the US, successful athletes are often treated as deities. We worship and adore them. They embody our best hopes for ourselves. Today a successful black athlete can be immune to the explicit burdens of racism. He or she is welcomed in any venue or neighborhood. But the transformation of the black athlete into being a full, free citizen has not translated to black people in general. How can we work together to assure that this elite privilege is offered to our children and every world citizen? As government leaders, you are also communications strategists who have the power to change the imagery and thus change minds and hearts. What is your commitment to changing the thought pattern? How do we join forces across the globe and craft a common language for dealing with hatred that will have implications everywhere? This is not an easy or short term fix as you all know. But the process has to come from a place of love and caring for both sides of this bloody equation. In conclusion, be it slavery, colonialism, or modern day racism there is a historical continuity of race and racist policies that we are responding to. The methods of handling the hate crimes have to reflect and respect the historical continuity and quickly move forward to address and to eradicate it. We must use the technology at our disposal and empower everyone to change. Thank you so very much for this opportunity to address this body. Thank you for allowing me to share my views. - 28 - ANNEX 4: Biographical Information on Introducers and Moderators Combating racism, intolerance and discrimination in society through sport 19­20 April 2012 HOFBURG, VIENNA Biographical Information: Speakers and Moderators Keynote Speaker: Ms. Joia Jefferson Nuri, Senior Advisor and Communications Strategist to TransAfrica Ms. Joia Jefferson Nuri is a public policy communications strategist. She is the President and CEO of "In The Public Eye Communications" and Senior Advisor and Communications Strategist to TransAfrica, the African American human rights and social justice advocacy organization. In her role, she serves as a consultant and senior advisor to leading human rights organizations and political activists. "In The Public Eye Communications" company works solely with clients committed to uplifting the human spirit and creating positive change. It specializes in work that delivers a message of hope and tolerance. The company's client list includes TransAfrica, Africare, the Global Women Story Circle, the Institute for Policy Studies, the United Negro College Fund and others. Ms. Nuri has testified before U.S. Congressional committees on the failure of aid organizations in Haiti and before international bodies on the state of workers rights. She has written the U.S. Congressional testimony on the effect of the world food shortage on children under the age of five. Ms. Nuri worked as a producer in network newsrooms for two decades before creating "In The Public Eye Communications." Her resume reflects the breadth of her work experiences including NBC, CBS, NPR, and C-SPAN. As a reporter she covered emerging democracies in West Africa. She brings a vast knowledge of the inner workings of world politics and international newsrooms. SESSION I: Racism, Intolerance Manifestations and Challenges Moderator: and Discrimination: Contemporary Mr. Jean-Paul Makengo, President of the European Coalition of Cities against Racism - 29 Mr. Jean-Paul Makengo has been the President of the European Coalition of Cities against Racism (ECCAR) since November 2011. He is also Deputy Mayor of Toulouse and Regional Councilor of Midi-Pyrenees. ECCAR's "Ten-Point Plan of Action for the European Coalition of Cities against Racism" covers various areas of competence city authorities engage in, including sport, and includes practical policy suggestions for municipal actors. ECCAR is also co-organiser and the implementing partner of the "Youth Voices against Racism" initiative. Implemented in 2008 by ECCAR and initiated by ECCAR, FC Barcelona and UNESCO, the initiative organized consultations with young people in ECCAR municipalities surrounding racism and sports. Introducers: Mr. Ralf-René Weingärtner, Director of the Directorate of Human Rights and Antidiscrimination, Council of Europe Mr. Ralf-René Weingärtner is the Director of the Directorate of Human Rights and Anti-discrimination in Council of Europe. Since 1988 he has held posts in both national and international public administrations, including higher management positions in the Federal Public Employment Service (Berlin), the German Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs (Berlin), the International Labour Organisation (Geneva), the German Federal Ministry for Labour and Social Affairs (Berlin), Treuhandanstalt Headquarters (Berlin), the European Commission (Brussels) and the German Representation to the European Union (Brussels). In January 2004, Mr. Weingärtner was appointed to the post of Director of Youth and Sport at the Council of Europe (Strasbourg). In 2007 and 2008, Mr. Weingärtner conducted the Council of Europe youth campaign "All different all equal" against racism and discrimination in 42 member States of the Council of Europe. As of 1 October 2011, Mr Weingärtner was nominated as Director of Human Rights and Antidiscrimination within the new Directorate General of Democracy (DGII). Mr. Weingärtner holds a Ph.D. in Sociology and his research focused on theories of modernization. Mr. Valeriu Nicolae, Director of the Policy Center for Roma and Minorities Mr. Valeriu Nicolae is the Director of the Policy Center for Roma and Minorities and Advocacy Director in European Roma Grassroots Organizations Network (ERGO). He also served as the Executive Director of ERGO until 2008. He started an educational project for Romani children in Romania, worked with numerous Roma and human rights organizations and published extensively. From 2003 to 2005, he worked as the Deputy Director of the European Roma Information Office in Brussels. He has been a fellow and senior consultant with the Roma Initiatives of the Open Society Institute since 2006. Mr. Nicolae has been involved in anti-racism campaigns in sports, working with UEFA, FIFA and Romanian sports organizations. He has an academic and professional background in programming, management and diplomacy and many years of experience as an activist for Roma rights. - 30 His book We are the Roma will be published in May 2012. SESSION II: Monitoring, Preventing and Responding to Hate Crimes, Racist Incidents, Intolerance and Discrimination, Including in Sports Moderator: Mr. Pavel Klymenko, Chair of the "Football Against Prejudices" initiative and Member of Football against Racism in Europe Network (FARE) Mr. Pavel Klymenko is the Chair of the "Football Against Prejudices" initiative, an educational and monitoring organization that focuses on tackling racism and discrimination in the Ukrainian football. Mr. Klymenko was a chief contributor to the report "Hateful ­ Monitoring Racism, Discrimination and Hate Crime in Polish and Ukrainian Football 2009 ­ 2011" produced by the Never Again Association, in cooperation with FARE. He is also an active member of the FARE network Eastern European Development Project. The FARE Eastern European Development Project is administered by the "Never Again" Association and includes a small grants pool for local anti-racism organizations in Poland and Ukraine. In 2009 and 2010 the entire budget was devoted to supporting Ukrainian initiatives against xenophobia and racial extremism. Introducers: Mr. Paulo Gomes, Chair of the Standing Committee of the European Convention on Spectator Violence and Misbehaviour at Sports Events and National Director of the Portuguese Public Safety Police Mr. Paulo Valente Gomes is Police Chief Superintendent and he assumed the post of the National Director of the Portuguese Public Safety Police (PSP) as of 1 February 2012. Since 2008, he has been the Chairman of the Standing Committee of the European Convention on Spectator Violence of the Council of Europe. He has participated in this Committee since 2000, first as a member of the Portuguese delegation and then as Vice President. Over the last 14 years, he has taken part in several international co-operation initiatives in the field of major events security and prevention of sport-related violence and discrimination, namely with the EU, UEFA and the United Nations. Mr. Gomes was the executive secretary of the National Committee for the Security and Safety of UEFA EURO 2004. He was also the head of the Portuguese Police delegation to the FIFA World Cup 2006 in Germany, and the UEFA EURO 2008 in Austria and Switzerland. Ms. Marie-Luise Würtenberger, Head of the Tolerance Division of the German Federal Ministry of the Interior Ms. Marie-Luise Würtenberger is the Head of the Tolerance Division of the German Federal Ministry of the Interior (BMI). She worked as a lawyer from 1989-1991. In - 31 1991 Ms. Würtenberger joined BMI first as an assistant and then worked in the Constitutional Division, Policy Department and Sports Department of BMI. Currently Ms. Würtenberger is responsible in the BMI for the campaign "Sports and Politics, unified against right-wing extremism." She is also a member of the advisory network for the campaign and co-ordinator of the network's activities. SESSION III: Sporting Events as Confidence-Building Measures and the Role of Sport in the Promotion of Integration and Equality Moderator: Dr. Mischa Thompson, Member of the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe (Helsinki Commission) Dr. Mischa Thompson is a member of Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe (Helsinki Commission). Dr. Thompson joined the Helsinki Commission in May 2007. Her portfolio includes tolerance and non-discrimination, migration and integration, and corporate citizenship issues within the 56 participating States of OSCE. She has also served as the U.S. staff liaison for the annual Transatlantic Minority Political Leadership Conferences held at the European Parliament. Prior to being appointed to the Commission, Dr. Thompson served as a Professional Staff Member and Congressional Fellow within the U.S. House and Senate working on international racism, foreign policy, trade, economic development, and security issues. A Fulbright Scholar and National Science Foundation Fellow, Dr. Thompson holds a Ph.D. from the University of Michigan, where her research focused on intergroup relations and prejudice in the United States and Europe. Dr. Thompson received her B.S. from Howard University and is proficient in German. Introducers: Lord Michael Walton Bates, Member of the House of Lords Lord Bates has served in the House of Lords since 2008. Previously, he represented the constituency of Langbaurgh in the House of Commons from 1992 to 1997. Lord Bates served as a Government Minister (1994-97), Deputy Chairman of the Conservative Party (2006-2010) and Shadow Minister (2008-2010). In 2009, Lord Bates was appointed Patron of Tomorrow's People (North East), a charity specializing in getting "hard to reach" young people into work or training. Since 2010, Lord Bates has been campaigning to promote the Olympic Truce Resolution for the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games. The Olympic Truce Resolution is an initiative referring to the ancient concept of the Olympic Truce. In 2011, the United Kingdom sponsored the UN Resolution on the Olympic Truce entitled "Building a peaceful and better world through sport and the Olympic ideal" supported by all 193 UN Member States who signed up to the ideals of peace and conflict resolution and the premise that individuals, not countries, compete against each other in sport in peaceful competition without the burden of politics, religion, or racism. In April 2011, Lord Bates decided to walk over 3,000 miles (from Olympia in Greece to Westminster, London) in the hope to persuade all signatories to - 32 the Truce to implement the 2011 UN Resolution which was unanimously agreed by the United Nations General Assembly on October 17, 2011 (A/66/L.3). Mr. Ceno Aleksandrovski, Country Coordinator of the Open Fun Football Schools Mr. Ceno Aleksandrovski is the Country Coordinator of the Open Fun Football Schools (OFFS) in Skopje, implemented by the Cross Cultures Project Association Network. He joined OFFS in 2000. Prior to that, Mr. Aleksandrovski used to be a football player from 1985 to 1999 and played for football teams in the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. Open Fun Football Schools is a humanitarian project using games and the pedagogical "fun-football-concept" as a tool to promote the process of democracy, peace, stability and social cohesion within the Balkan countries, the Trans Caucasus countries and in the Middle East. Open Fun Football Schools builds upon the experience of how wars and ethnic conflicts affect people and their chances of returning to a daily life in post conflict areas. ANNEX 5: Participants Link to the final list of participants is available at http://www.osce.org/odihr/89852. Race Discrimination Commissioner Dr. Helen Szoke 4 July 2012 Mr Yuri Boychenko Chief, Anti-Discrimination Section Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights Palais de Nations Geneva Switzerland Sent via email: registry@ohchr.org Dear Mr Boychenko Best practices in fighting racism through sport I write in response to your request for information about best practices in combating racism through sport. In 2007, the Australian Human Rights Commission released the report What's the Score? A survey of cultural diversity and racism in Australian sport. It aimed to audit the policies and programs of national sporting organisations, federal and state government departments, human rights and anti-discrimination agencies and nongovernment bodies. The contents and executive summary of the report can be found at Appendix A. The full report is available at http://www.hreoc.gov.au/racial_discrimination/whats_the_score/index.html. In addition, I am currently leading a cross-organisational Partnership in the development of a National Anti-Racism Strategy. The Strategy will be released in late August 2012 and implemented over the next three years. The Partnership draws on the expertise across three government departments ­ the Department of Immigration and Citizenship (DIAC), the Attorney-General's Department (AGD) and the Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs (FaHCSIA) ­ together with the Multicultural Advisory Council (AMC) and the Australian Human Rights Commission. The Federation of Ethnic Community Councils of Australia (FECCA) and the National Congress of Australia's First Peoples will also participate in Partnership meetings as non-government representatives. One aspect of the Strategy will be a campaign entitled "Racism. It stops with Me." The campaign invites organisations, including sporting agencies, to undertake selfidentified activities over the next three years in support of the Campaign. The steps in the process involve endorsing the campaign, promoting the message and objective Australian Human Rights Commission ABN 47 996 232 602 Level 3 175 Pitt Street Sydney NSW 2000 GPO Box 5218 Sydney NSW 2001 General enquiries Complaints infoline TTY www.humanrights.gov.au 1300 369 711 1300 656 419 1800 620 241 of the campaign through their networks, and identifying a range of activities that will form part of the campaign over the next three years. It is anticipated that national sporting bodies will play a prominent leadership role in the anti-racism campaign. 1 1.1 Other federal programs Australian Sports Commission (ASC) The Australian Sports Commission has a Harassment-Free Sport strategy, which consists of: education - training courses and workshops member protection and child protection information policies and resources a mandatory requirement for national sporting organisations funded by the Australian Government to develop and implement a policy to address harassment and discrimination information and free online training modules on harassment and discrimination from the Play by the Rules website summaries and links to research on harassment and discrimination. The Multicultural Youth Sports Partnership (MYSP) Program is one of the initiatives announced as part of the multicultural policy. It aims to create sustainable opportunities for youth from new and emerging communities and Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) backgrounds to participate in sport and physical activity.1 $300,000 in grant funding is offered annually under the MYSP Program. Grants of between $5,000 and $50,000 are available to eligible organisations that demonstrate a capacity to develop partnerships to deliver sustainable sport participation programs for youth from CALD backgrounds. Grants are available for programs/projects such as: Cross cultural awareness training for sporting organisations Sport awareness training for community groups Sports coach and official training for community groups Facilitating English as a Second Language training for volunteers Promotion of local sporting opportunities and inclusive club-based activities Facilitating linkages between school and club-based activities Running community sporting carnivals and participation programs Running modified sport exposure programs. The organisations that were successful in their applications for the 2011/12 round of funding were: Macarthur Diversity Services Initiative Benevolence Australia Cabramatta Community Centre Cricket Australia 2 Granville Kewpie Soccer and Sports Club Inc HARDA (Horn of Africa Relief and Development Agency of Australia) Surf Life Saving Queensland Multicultural Youth South Australia Inc (MYSA) Surf Life Saving South Australia Soccer COPPS Edmund Rice Centre Mirrabooka Inc Dandenong Area Combined Project (including Sports Without Borders, City of Greater Dandenong and iEmpower Youth). 2 2.1 Community initiatives Sports Without Borders Sports Without Borders provides funding and services for young people from migrant and refugee backgrounds who play, or want to play sport. It is auspiced by the Australian Multicultural Foundation and operates in Victoria and New South Wales. In 2011, leadership training was delivered to newly arrived young people in the following local government areas: Melbourne City Council Moonee Valley City Council Monash City Council Greater Bendigo City Council Greater Dandenong City Council Greater Shepparton City Council. Session topics include: Working with media Knowing your local council Dealing with difference and problem solving Building participation in sport among young people. 2.2 National Aboriginal Sporting Chance Academy The Academy was founded in 1995, and uses sport, health promotion, education and mentoring to promote healthy lifestyles among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth. Programs include: ARMtour - uses athletes as role models to deliver sport and recreation activities that encourage educational engagement in remote Northern Territory communities. NASCA Sporting Chance Academies ­ promoting education through sport in South Sydney (Alexandria, Redfern, Tempe and Marrickville) and central NSW (Dubbo, Narromine, Delroy and Wellington). NASCA Challenge ­ a three day rugby league program for Indigenous youth in regional and remote areas in North and Far North Queensland. 3 2.3 Australian Somali Football Association The second Australian Somali Football Championships were held in late December 2011, involving 12 teams (7 from Melbourne, 4 from interstate and 1 from New Zealand). The competition was held across Melbourne, Moonee Valley and Darebin Local Government Areas, with over 5000 community spectators in attendance over 6 days. There were a maximum of 5 non-Somali players in each team, in order to encourage intercultural engagement. I hope this information is of assistance. If you have any further questions, please contact Cassandra Dawes, Project Officer in the National Anti-Racism Secretariat at antiracismsecretariat@humanrights.gov.au. Yours sincerely Dr. Helen Szoke Race Discrimination Commissioner T +61 2 8231 4242 F +61 2 9284 9797 E Helen.Szoke@humanrights.gov.au 1 http://www.ausport.gov.au/participating/all_cultures/get_involved/grant CC: Mr Mactar Ndoye mndoye@ohchr.org 4 56 STRANDGADE DK-1401 COPENHAGEN K DENMARK PHO. +45 32 69 88 88 FAX +45 32 69 88 00 CENTER@HUMANRIGHTS.DK WWW.MENNESKERET.DK WWW.HUMANRIGHTS.DK August 31, 2012 Re: Danish Institute for Human Rights contribution of relevant information on experiences and best practices for combating racism through sport at international, regional, national and local levels Dear Mr. Mactar Ndoye The Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR) is hereby responding to a letter from Mr. Yury Boychenko dated 15 June 2012 requesting DIHR to contribute in accordance with paragraph 109 of the report of the Intergovernmental Working Group on the Effective implementation of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action. Paragraph 109 encourages "States and other relevant stakeholders to share experiences and best practices in fighting all forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia an related intolerance in sport and in promoting integration and intercultural dialogue in and through sport". DIHR does not have sports and discrimination as a focus area. In order to be able to contribute DIHR has had to collect the information requested from other sources. The information has been collected by: Mail dated 16 July 2012 to 61 Danish specialised sports federations (who are members of the umbrella organisation the National Olympic Committee and Sports Confederation) requesting information on experiences and best practices in fighting all forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance in sport and promoting integration and intercultural dialogue in and through sport. Contacting the Danish Football Players Association to provide information and documentation on their activities in fighting racism and promotion of integration and intercultural dialogue. Consulting two main NGO's: SOS- Against Racism and Documentation and Advisory Centre Against Racial Discrimination (DACoRD) THE DANISH INSTITUTE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS, ESTABLISHED BY STATUTE OF 6 JUNE 2002. THE INSTITUTE IS A NATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS INSTITUTION IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE UN PARIS PRINCIPLES. THE INSTITUTE CARRIES ON THE MANDATE VESTED IN THE DANISH CENTRE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS IN 1987. THE WORK OF THE INSTITUTE INCLUDES RESEARCH, INFORMATION, EDUCATION, DOCUMENTATION AND INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMMES. Consulting the websites of the two main sports umbrella organisations: Danish Gymnastics and Sports Association (DGI) and the National Olympic Committee and Sports Confederation of Denmark (DIF). The following is a list of examples and best practices that were found relevant to fulfil UNCHCR's request in accordance to Paragraph 109. It should be noted that the list is not necessarily complete as it has not been possible for DIHR to contact all sports related associations and clubs in Denmark. Should you have any questions or need for clarification, you are welcome to contact me. Sincerely yours, Mandana Zarrehparvar Senior Adviser, Danish Institute for Human Rights Experiences and best practices in fighting all forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia an related intolerance in sport and in promoting integration and intercultural dialogue in and through sport: Denmark Danish Handball Federation (Dansk Håndbold Forbund) According to the Head of Development Department of the Danish Handball Federation, the federation is a value based organisation with a specific focus on promoting fair play, good conduct, respect and tolerance on court, in games, among the teams and spectators . These values are promoted to players, parents of players and to spectators of the games by disseminating flyers explaining the Federations regulations to parents, through the campaign "40x20- exact good experiences" (2011) with spots explaining the federation's good conduct rules and through the Federation's training manual for children trainer education. The latter also contains a section on the UN Convent ion on the Rights of the Child. The Federation does not target racism as such but by promoting its values and by having codes of good conduct the Federation takes preventive measures and promotes integration, respect and tolerance. Danish Golf Union (Dansk Golf Union): The Danish Golf Union took the initiative to establish a project called Back spin and self confidence (Backspin og selvværd) targeting vulnerable children who risk exclusion from school, including for instance children of ethnic minority background. The project entails both help to develop the child's scholastic skills as well as their self confidence. The latter through playing golf which the union through the projects offers free of charge. The project promotes the integration of children in primary schools. More information on the project at www.backspinogselvvaerd.dk Danish Football Players Association (Spillerforeningen) : Danish Football Players Association has strengthened its commitment with a programme for corporate social responsibility ­ called "Player Social Responsibility" . Professional athletes within the fields of football and handball commit themselves to provide activities, such as Show Racism the Red Card- education courses in elementary schools, Arena Spartacus- street football in local communities and Spartans- football coach courses for the continuation of Arena Spartacus. More Information on these activities is attached as annexes. SOS Against Racism and Documentation and Advisory Centre Against Racial Discrimination (DACoRD) SOS Against Racism and DACoRD have both been active NGO's and supported the initiative Show Racism the Red Card which is currently being carried out by the Danish Football Association. DACoRD, has furthermore, contributed to EU's Fundamental Rights Agency's (FRA) research on racism, discrimination and exclusion in sport (2010) with a report on the situation in Denmark. FRA's report can be found at: http://fra.europa.eu/fraWebsite/research/publications/publications_per_year/2010/pub-racism-insport_en.htm Danish Gymnastics and Sports Association: DGI The Danish Gymnastics and Sports Association has around 5000 member organisations. Two projects in particular target integration and promotion of intercultural dialogue: THE DANISH INSTITUTE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS, ESTABLISHED BY STATUTE OF 6 JUNE 2002. THE INSTITUTE IS A NATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS INSTITUTION IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE UN PARIS PRINCIPLES. THE INSTITUTE CARRIES ON THE MANDATE VESTED IN THE DANISH CENTRE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS IN 1987. THE WORK OF THE INSTITUTE INCLUDES RESEARCH, INFORMATION, EDUCATION, DOCUMENTATION AND INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMMES. 1. Welcome Agents (Velkomstagenterne ) Welcome Agents is a pilot project and has the objective to strengthen newcomers' network in the Danish society through activities in the local sports and leisure associations and establish a base to recruit new trainers and leaders. DGI will train 60 Welcome agents (also called sport guides) who have the task to guide migrants by introducing them to the Danish association culture, show the newcomers around the different associations, take them to social events, tell about the "unwritten rules" and introduce them to athletes and trainers etc. More information on the project (in Danish) at: www.dgi.dk/OmDGI/Projekter/nyheder/Velkomstagenterne_[a32995].aspx 2. iGuide iGuide is a three year integration project with the objective of motivating more ethnic minorities to get involved in associations by supporting association who have an interest in social responsibility and who believe in diversity. iGuide provides courses and training for volunteers at the associations contributing to their better understanding of how to motivate, recruit and sustain members from the ethnic minority community. More information on the project (in Danish) at: www.dgi.dk/OmDGI/Projekter/iGuide.aspx National Committee and Sports Confederation of Denmark (DIF) The National Committee and Sports Confederation of Denmark consists of 61 independent specialised sports federations. As an organisation the confederation different projects and activities. Three projects in particular have been identified as relevant for the purpose of this contribution. 1. What about respect? What about respect? is the title of a new material the Confederation has developed that coaches can use to have a dialogue with his/her team (age group 13 ­ 18 years) on issues such as the language used among the players, body language, rituals and traditions in a team, etc. The objective is to prevent bullying, encourage inclusion and a better social environment for all. More information on the project (in Danish) at: www.dif.dk/PROJEKTER_OG_RAADGIVNING/boernogunge/antimobning.aspx 2. Get2sport With Get2sport project the Confederation aims to recruit more ethnic minority children and youth from vulnerable communities to get involved in the local sports association. Get2sport is comprised of 12 smaller projects located at 12 most vulnerable communities in Denmark. The project financially supports the local projects by enabling them to employ staff to relieve the volunteer staff and to cover extra costs the project might entail. A requirement is the local projects must ensure the involvement of social/ community workers in order to have an coordinated collaboration. The project emphasises in particular the participation of ethnic minority girls. More information on the project (in Danish) at: www.dif.dk/PROJEKTER_OG_RAADGIVNING/boernogunge/get2sport.aspx 3. Assistance on integrations issues Two counsellors at the Confederation provide assistance and guidance for member organisations who are interested in developing projects or other activities to promote the integration of ethnic minorities through sport. More information on the project (in Danish) at: www.dif.dk/PROJEKTER_OG_RAADGIVNING/raadgivning/integration.aspx PLAYER SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY Show Racism the Red Card is against racism and discrimination, but in support of integration and diversity in sport and society as a whole. The campaign message is spread at sport events, by visiting primary and lower secondary schools with football and handball players and via cultural celebrities as ambassadors of anti-racism. A fight against racism that works The aim of Show Racism the Red Card is to fight racism within sports and in society as a whole, while spreading information and knowledge about the positive sides of diversity. The campaign was launched in 2006 in Denmark and is managed by Spillerforeningen. It is based on the great commitment that the members ­ the professional football and handball players in Denmark ­ and the culture ambassadors within music and acting show. Visibility at sport events, schools and cultural activities Show Racism the Red Card primarily spreads its message in three different ways: Via sports events where the athletes show the message to the spectators on the stands and the viewers behind the TV screen - Target group: Fans of football and handball ° and in educational ° -Via school campaignsbetween 12-16 yearsmaterials about racism and discrimination where football players participate in the visits Target group: Pupils theatres ° -Via cultural campaigns atinterestedand music venues Target group: Culturally people Players and cultural celebrities as ambassadors A large number of top footballers, handball players, actors, musicians etc., are part of the campaign. Player Social Responsibility ° c/o Spillerforeningen ° Pilestræde 35, 1 ° DK-1112 ° simon@stopracismen.dk ° mob 51 20 54 08 ° www.stopracismen.dk PLAYER SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY Spillerforeningen (The Danish Football Players' Association) is strengthening its social commitment with a strong programme for corporate social responsibility ­ or more precisely Player Social Responsibility. Based on the social commitment of professional athletes, socially marginalised groups will receive offers of football coach courses and other activities giving them new opportunities in binding settings. Spillerforeningen provides knowledge within the field of social integration and the professional football players and handball players are front runners at clubs and schools. Objectives ­ Player Social Responsibility must... player for improving integration ° Be a centraldiversity and ensure empowerment Strengthen ° Create permanent activities ° Use the members of Spillerforeningen (both football and handball), ° and the D.E.F. (the Danish Athletes' Association) in the local community Specific approaches in ° Creating activitiesthecentral cities in Denmark where we have a strong profile Cooperating with local community ° Giving young people a strong network ° Using football as a tool ° Activities ° Show Racism The­ Red Card ­ education courses in elementary schools ° Arena Spartacus street football in local communities of Arena Spartacus ° Spartans ­ football coach courses for the continuation ° Top football and handball players in Denmark ° Actors, musicians and other celebrities Ambassadors Player Social Responsibility ° c/o Spillerforeningen ° Pilestræde 35, 1 ° DK-1112 ° simon@stopracismen.dk ° mob 51 20 54 08 ° www.stopracismen.dk PLAYER SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY Spartans is an offer of a football coach exam for marginalized youngsters in Denmark. The youngsters who are ready and feel like taking part in the training programme will get a football coach exam securing the continuation of Arena Spartacus. A football coach exam for the future Based on the football activities of Player Social Responsibility Spartans are in touch with a large number of youngsters. Many of these youngsters have in common that they are passionate about football and are willing to become part of the coach programme. A part of the youngsters of Spartans will have limited self-esteem. The idea of the coach exam is to show them that they can increase their self-esteem and become an active part of a productive network. In this way the participants will become role models for the rest of the local community and their efforts will help to inspire others. An integration tool with synergy The objective of the programme is that the youngsters get a football coach exam at a high level that they can use to start up football related activities ­ both in the streets and at the clubs. At the same time synergy is created between the football activities of Player Social Responsibility in local communities of the towns and at school visits, which will increase the interest of Spartans. The objectives are: Spartans will lead the way in using sport as a means of improving dialogue Marginalized groups get an actual alternative to a normal everyday life without operational or active networks Spartans create visibility in the municipality about the new integration effort and subsequently new cohesion Spartans create ambassadors who can strengthen the interests and competencies of the youngsters within football Spartans give more young people the desire and the opportunity to work with football as a tool for integration Selected youngsters go on study trips with the coaching staff sharing their experiences of the project ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° Role models break social inheritance The football coach exam, Spartans, will encourage the participants to: Break the social inheritance Lead the way in the local community as role models to others Develop own competencies and create new positive networks Initiate and inspire to playing football Build up training modules for football Have knowledge about children's psychical and mental development Strengthen fair play and be an exponent of good management Player Social Responsibility ° c/o Spillerforeningen ° Pilestræde 35, 1 ° DK-1112 ° simon@stopracismen.dk ° mob 51 20 54 08 ° www.stopracismen.dk PLAYER SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY Playing in the streets, the sense of community and the friendships. These three elements are connected and help socially vulnerable groups of children and youngsters becoming part of society. Arena Spartacus is an offer to these groups of children and youngsters to have a football activity as a gathering point and a ray of light in every day life. Football in the neighbourhood as a solid base Through the community personal competencies are strengthened and more people can take care of those who need it. Arena Spartacus is an activity for young people to look forward to week after week. The permanent commitment from Player Social Responsibility makes Arena Spartacus a solid base for the many children and youngsters who have been on their way out of society. Arena Spartacus takes place once a week during the first weeks and subsequently two times a week in the neighbourhood ­ for instance at the local school or a local football club. There will always be a football coach present in charge of the afternoon activity. Arena Spartacus is present where there is a need Player Social Responsibility arranges a football coach and the materials necessary (footballs, vests, goals etc.) Arena Spartacus is present 15 weeks during Spring and 15 weeks during Autumn. One Arena Spartacus tournament is held both Spring and Autumn Professional football and handball players will be present at one or more of the tournaments. They will generate attention and give inspiration to the activity working as ambassadors ° ° ° ° A helping hand to the marginalized children and youngsters The target group consists of all children and youngsters at the age between 7-18 years interested in playing football. In addition to that especially: Marginalized children and youngsters Youngsters that are under threat of being excluded from society Young people in criminal environments ° ° ° A permanent gathering point with synergy Synergy is created between the football activities in Player Social Responsibility in the local areas of the towns and through school visits, which will create interest for Arena Spartacus. The objectives are that...: The participants are interested in returning continuously Arena Spartacus becomes a natural gathering point in the local community Parents acknowledge Arena Spartacus and support the children in their decision to participate Marginalized groups participate and subsequently strengthen their social network ° ° ° ° Player Social Responsibility ° c/o Spillerforeningen ° Pilestræde 35, 1 ° DK-1112 ° simon@stopracismen.dk ° mob 51 20 54 08 ° www.stopracismen.dk PROVEDOR DE JUSTIÇA Racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance in sport Experience of the Portuguese Ombudsman 19.07.2012 I. Background information The Provedor de Justiça is both Portugal's Ombudsman and National Human Rights Institution, with A-status accreditation since 1999. This independent State body is established in the Constitution and its main function is to defend and promote the rights, freedoms, guarantees and legitimate interests of the citizens, ensuring, through informal means, that public authorities act fairly and in compliance with the law. The Ombudsman's broad mandate includes the protection and promotion of all fundamental rights, in relation to all citizens, without distinctions of any sort, inter alia as regards their nationality, race, ethnic origin or place of residence. Without prejudice to this, the Ombudsman seeks to dedicate a particular attention to the most vulnerable groups, as they are not only more exposed to human rights violations, but also often less aware of their rights and less able to make use of available means to uphold them. Under the Constitution, all persons have a right to complain to the Ombudsman against actions or omissions of public authorities and, in more limited cases, also of private entities, if there is a special relationship of power from one over the other and the intervention of the Ombudsman is necessary to protect the citizens' rights, freedoms and guarantees. The Ombudsman assesses these complaints without the power to take binding decisions, sending to the competent bodies such recommendations as may be necessary to prevent or remedy any illegalities or injustices. Recommendations may be of an administrative or legislative nature. In less serious cases, the Ombudsman may simply formulate a critical remark or draw the attention of the public body concerned to the act or omission that needs amendment. The Ombudsman may also request the Constitutional Court to review the constitutionality or legality of norms, as well as the constitutionality of omissions. Rua do Pau de Bandeira, 9 - 1249 ­ 088 Lisboa - Telef. 213 926 600 - Telefax 213 961 243 http://www.provedor-jus.pt ­ correio electrónico: provedor@provedor-jus.pt PROVEDOR DE JUSTIÇA In addition to handling complaints, which remains the core of his/her activity, according to the Statute the Ombudsman may also act on his own initiative, based on facts that otherwise come to his attention (e.g. through NGO or media reports). To carry out his/her mission, the Ombudsman has a wide array of powers, such as the power to carry out inspections with or without prior warning and the power to make all investigations and enquiries that he deems necessary or convenient. Correspondingly, the law establishes a strong duty of public entities to cooperate with the Ombudsman. As part of his/her promotion mandate, the Ombudsman is also competent to promote the dissemination of information on the content and meaning of fundamental rights, the aim of Ombudsman institution, the means of action at its disposal and how to appeal to it. II. The Ombudsman's experience in fighting racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance in sport: Over the years, the Portuguese Ombudsman has had numerous interventions to the benefit of immigrants and foreigners in Portugal, namely to protect and promote their rights and to avoid situations of discrimination, ensuring the full implementation of the constitutional principles of equality and of equal treatment between foreigners and nationals. This intervention has been instrumental in overcoming difficulties connected to different areas, such as visa procedures, healthcare, social support in education and access to a profession, among others. In contrast with the cases about migrants and foreigners, the Ombudsman's experience specifically related to discrimination based on race or ethnic origin has been much more limited. The number of complaints focused on this issue has remained low and, in most situations where the existence of discrimination was confirmed, the mediation of the Ombudsman was sufficient to restore legality and justice and respect for citizens' rights. Nevertheless, from a preventive perspective, the Ombudsman remains vigilant, in the overall context of his activity, of possible reasons for concern. For example, the issue of racial discrimination is accorded specific attention in the Ombudsman's inspections, such as those carried out to prisons, police stations and detention centres for nonadmitted foreigners. To date, no particular causes of concern have been identified. The considerations above also hold true in sport-related matters. In a reference period of 12 years (from 2000 to present date), the cases found relate mainly to instances of discrimination based on nationality, rather than on race or ethnic background. The list below provide a description of those cases, illustrating the difficulties found by the Ombudsman in the national legislation, regulations or administrative practice, as well as the solutions put forward to address them: Rua do Pau de Bandeira, 9 - 1249 ­ 088 Lisboa - Telef. 213 926 600 - Telefax 213 961 243 http://www.provedor-jus.pt ­ correio electrónico: provedor@provedor-jus.pt PROVEDOR DE JUSTIÇA In 2010, the Ombudsman dealt with a complaint against the refusal of the Portuguese Basketball Federation to allow non-Portuguese European citizens to practice sports in the lower divisions of senior levels of the National Basketball Championship, in violation of EU law rules and an order of the Secretary of State for Youth and Sport. The Ombudsman followed up on the matter with the Sport Institute of Portugal, who considered the issue to be serious and a breach of European and national rules. It also confirmed that investigations were underway and that it had requested the Federation to adapt the regulations in question. Since the Federation came to remove from its Statutes all provisions containing restrictions to the enrolment of EU citizens and citizens from countries with bilateral agreements with the EU, the case was closed. Still, the Ombudsman drew the attention of the Portuguese Basketball Federation to the fact that the regulatory and disciplinary powers of sports federations have a public nature, thus being subject to the rules on administrative litigation and falling within the scope of activity of the Portuguese Ombudsman. In 2008, dealing with the case of a young foreigner that practiced amateur football, the Ombudsman became aware of the existence of a legal provision that made it very difficult for him to continue to practice that sport, if there was a change of the family residence to Portugal, as a high fee would then be established. For Portuguese citizens, however, the fee was insignificant. Noting this disparity, the Ombudsman recommended to the Portuguese Football Federation that both situations be made equivalent, on the basis of the lowest amount charged. The position of the Ombudsman was accepted. In 2006, the Ombudsman dealt with a case concerning the Portuguese Roller Skating Federation, which had in its regulations a provision limiting access to foreigners over 15 years of age to two per modality. The Ombudsman drew the Federation's attention to the need to eliminate any barriers to the registration of foreign students, at least in the non-senior divisions, which was accepted. In 2004, the Ombudsman dealt with the case of a volleyball player who argued that, having obtained Portuguese nationality, he was not allowed by the Portuguese Volleyball Federation to play in a Portuguese team in the National Volleyball Championship, due to the lack of a statement of disengament from the Romanian Volleyball Federation (refused on the account that he was not a Romanian national). In contacts with the involved parties the Ombudsman concluded that the case had been solved through the intervention of the Portuguese Federation and the International Federation of Volleyball. Rua do Pau de Bandeira, 9 - 1249 ­ 088 Lisboa - Telef. 213 926 600 - Telefax 213 961 243 http://www.provedor-jus.pt ­ correio electrónico: provedor@provedor-jus.pt Experiences and best practices for Combating Racism Through Sport at International, Regional, National and Local Levels The state of Qatar had expressed its support to combat any practice of racism and discrimination between people by ratifying several UN conventions against racism such as the 1965 International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination which the state of Qatar had ratified in 1976 and the 1973 International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid that was ratified in 1975, and the most recently Qatar had ratified the 1979 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. On an international level, Qatar had supported and ratified many international declarations and treaties that combat any form of discrimination and racism. In regards to sports, the state had ratified the 1985 International Convention against Apartheid in Sports. Qatar has undertaken the issue of racism in consideration and guaranteed combating racisms in its national constitution and vision (QNV2030) and that had reflected on all level of the country's activities and practices, including sports. The national constitution that was emended in 2003 and put into action in 2004, states clearly in article 35 that "All persons are equal before the law and there shall be no discrimination whatsoever on grounds of sex, race, language, or religion". The constitution lays the basic foundations of the society, regulates the State's authorities, embodies the public participation in governance and ensures the rights and freedom of Qatari citizens. The Qatar National Vision 2030, which was introduced in 2008 as the main vision of the country's development and achievements, is built on a society that promotes justice, benevolence and equality. The Vision embodies the principles of the Permanent Constitution which: · · · Protects public and personal freedoms; Promotes moral and religious values and traditions; and, Guarantees security, stability and equal opportunities. The Vision emphasized that its desired social development must consider the sponsorship and support of dialogue among civilization by promoting coexistence between different religions and cultures. Based on the national constitution and the National Vision 2030, Sport practice in Qatar is open to all nationalities. In fact, not only is it accessible to amateurs of all origins but even the high level athletes of Qatar come from different backgrounds and origins. Even though racial discrimination in sport is not an issue in Qatar, the issue is addressed by the Qatar Olympic Committee. This organization is the main coordinator of sports practice in Qatar. Founded in 1979, its motto is to make Qatar a "leading nation in bridging the world together through sports".1 The mission of the Qatar Olympic Committee is to put sport and physical recreation activity everywhere in Qatar so as to have harmonious development of men and women in a true Olympic spirit and in accordance with the Olympic Charter2 In its strategic framework, QOC commits to promote access to sports for all, to take action against all forms of discrimination and violence, to encourage the sense of understanding, love and friendship among youth through sports, to strengthen ties of friendship and respect among the Qatari athletes and their counterpart in other nations.3 1 2 http://www.olympic.qa/en/AboutQOC/Pages/Our-Vision.aspx http://www.olympic.qa/en/AboutQOC/Pages/StrategicFramework.aspx 3 http://www.olympic.qa/en/AboutQOC/Pages/StrategicFramework.aspx On a local level, QOC is building and supporting community programs across the country to promote the participation and enjoyment of sport by all generation's 4.also the National and local sport teams in Qatar consist of players from different nationalities and backgrounds. The QOC has also an educational mission to promote ethical values and principles in the community. To achieve this goal they have a Cultural and Educational program addressed to the youth. Its main goal is to use sports in bettering the Qatari society and teaching values of respect, equality, peace etc.5 Qatar is also the host of many international tournaments such as the AFC Asian Cup in 2011, 2015 Handball World Cup, FIFA 2022 etc. The QOC through those events is also applying its vision and objectives. By doing so it's playing a role in promoting its values internationally and locally. 4 5 http://www.olympic.qa/en/Community/Pages/Olympic-Community-Programs.aspx http://www.olympic.qa/en/Community/Pages/Qatar-Olympic-Cultural-and-Education-Program.aspx