r

StalerFtrt By

TheHon.Gareth Evans , Prsidont Emeritus, International CrisisGrouD and Co-Chair, Intemational Commission lltervcntion and on State Sovercignty

Statment UnitedNations to General Assembly InformalInteractive Dialogue theResponsibitity hotect on to

23 July 2009,New York (Check Against Delivery)

IMPLEMDNTING TIIE RESFONSIBILITYTO PROTjIC1
slltemnl by Hon.c@ih Evms. pEsidcnt Emritus. hternariooal crisis cioup andCo-Chair. Ittemaiional Comhsion on Inreryenrionu,l Sub Sovenignty, b Unired Narions CEnegr Assnbly Interrcliv Diatogne(m lhe Rcsponsibitilyro Prciat,New York.

23Juty 2009

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have beenbuildinS to a cEscendo:dd also - a lnll hardr to pin doPn, but stiu inpondnt tho$ counkis whcrc tbeE seetu a senous rist thal sncn crins will be @mmitled in the foEseeabletutle unlcss.fative pEvenrive,.rion is blen. Nitb tbar risk bing evidenton the b6is of suchfacroa asa hisroryof suchdines in rhat counliy. rhc conrihuationor E-energnce inslitutiooal cap&ny to keP a potehnally of elevet i.tenal te.sions, w.al or slruggling dd conlrol. explosivc sntraft. unde. The c.iliel inport ne oaa o@Null solu[d ro dE probl.m ol N atMity c.itm

Until vry recendy tiee wN no coNnsus at all on ho* the intemaiio.al conmu.ny should bur The EsDo.dto rher situarioN. pEvdline nolion{s lhati1wasno one\ busine$ theirown .umbeB of $en ovn cittens, o. allowed atlocity ii st tes mudered or fmibly displacedlarge dmcs b be comitted by on B@upagainsldorher on 6et soil. Even oncr Wond Wd II wnh cEarion of tbe UN @d ndy ncw noional intemadonalhlnM nghrt por4tio.s, includi.s the G..eid conventio. thee w6 no 8e.erauy acceptedpnnciple in law, froalny oi sd pndice to cballeng. rbat apprcmh. Th srate mind thatevenna$ile atuity crims like $ose ofrhe cmbodie killing fields of *erc i!* nor th rcsl of lhc world's busincsspvailed drrcusnod the tN s fi6r hdrcentury or exislencei vietnmt inv6ion. *hich sropFd the Kbmer Rouse in ils tracks, was nniks.lly .tkked, not applaudedimd Tanzaii, had to ju*iry its overthow of Ugflda s Idi Amin by involing \elf deretu . noi any IarSerhumanf, ghls.jusliucatio.. wnh tbc dival of th 1990\, the bak-up of ldious Cold wd mareslrocons. and tbe Emoval abovall in coneicne{hockin8 situalions @prbdl}m, consrainls, of $ne superpower the fomer Yus6lavia md in Arrica. B old habits of non i.teryention the r@ns ro tbe erclusbn of M'Ihins else on Aniclc 2(7) of the uN chaner died very hard. Even wheh situaliotu qied om ior somelind of c$one, md lhe inrcr.alion.l conmunily did tacl thongh rbe tN, n *as r@ ofien eft.tically. incomplctcly or counrer-ploductivly,as in the dblck or somalia in 1993,rhe calairopne of Rwd.bn ge.dide in 1994 &d lh almor unbelielable dcfaultinSrcbreniqBosdit justaye{latr.i. 1995 Things cme to a hcad dgtn Nitb the new iound of killing dd elhnic clemsing sllning in thorgh noi .ll - ac@pledlhat the Kosovo in 1999. Most govmnen6 md @nnentttois snuadonwas drenoratinsso rapidry ed almingly thal exlemal niliory i.rcruenton wd the itsclf unablc to act in the r*e or a tbrcalcncd only wa, to nop iti but the Scurily cou.cil aound vto by Russia.The aclionfiat *as tben laken,by a so calledcodnion of $e villing, wts outsidethe aurhorityof lhc S4unly Council, in a way lhat challensedth inrsrity or rhe wholc inlemalional *curlry syslem (just d did tne invasion of Itaq four yeds later, in far lcss defc$ibb cncuosldesl. Throughou th decador th l9qx a fiere derrnent laeBd, nor lea$ beE i. the Cereral Asenbll. wilh tbe tEnchesdug.tecp on both sider dd the veinar nlssil.s flyin8 thict and fast. On th one hand,bad ldAely in the 8loba1North, there veE thoe who rallicd 10rhe cry ot intfrention : the notion that tbeE was a rislt to intetuene (droit I iagtrcn . it 'numnans B.mard Kouchnert influemial fomulation) nilitrily, aSainslthe *ill of the golmnenr of thc

countly ih qucsrion,in the* ces On rhorberhdd. lbosein rbe gtobal SouthweE muchmoE m(l!rcd b rale dn2bsolue \kq or qrre \orerrSnD.undr^ludabtyenorgh g.len rbd { run1 ty \on5deriC4 indep.nden!e. con\c,our rher r,aBih|] rer) o, rx !.r{mu\ of rhesd} m \h(h rhe\ hd been r\e Ec.vinS end,n.he psr or noi!;, ol 'oo hFriat Md olonal poseh dd nor \.r, teen ro ,rtnoqtcdg; oe,.aN or \dchpotreh dgain, trhakle. rhecrrudsknce\ 'o 'nkoerc Tn Dl!rc oa tii @M$u rhar hs dMdy tetr &hivd h dr 2005 Cdnt Asmbly

Thi, qa, rhed{de rhd o'ed oj io- d netr!on\0n\Jat aptrcdcl ro b. forged. And Lhhqd\ rhe | .he F.ponnbrtryro prokcr sd\.le\igncd ro hadgc. tne {r non rn 20Otof rhc trr.malmal Com^.ion on ti,.-enuon andshte SovcEignly (lctss), whichlco chaied wiln Moheed Sannoun, hascontinned ed lnough to underlie rhe uhanimousresttrtion of rhe Ceneml Assnbly i. 2m5. adopring the ' oln@ne troclrent of rhe 2005Wortd Shnit. Ar<t tharcoe idais d vry simDteon.l l ] r e F . u e r,rc..h e " i S rro l n .g .l d re,.od.alytulgin.tudr ngr tuor ,lgr her tr e,ghrm dr d m'nk'D bu|hc 'r.p4rirlrD or,1/ qdre\tu pbr.!r rb.trosn p.optefrcm dG;lr.nm.\, .hd to assst dhe^ lo do so by alt opptupriale @ds. The @E;spo.sibnny is tn;t or rhe indi\idualr\ee'sn \Lre ir,etf. mo i r. ontt j I b dndbte d.;i ir8 ro'do,o dr or ri; q f { m n m\$ o td n l q d $ -F \p o n.ibilih r ods.{ or .nsss.n lom say. Thecor r h .m eF nor dcfrentron hul p.o,..r,,r: l@k ai eachissued n aises fron the pnlEcrive of rhe lictims, lhe mn beins killed or about ro be titled, rbe woren bing iaped o, abour to bc rapd, ln children dying or rbout ro dic ot stanarion; and lm* ar the ,esFrnsibihy in qusrions being aboveall a !sponsibiliryro /rpyenr. Thr qLe{rond (a, rda rhoughdrpomar.!prcsu,e,Innughs.r,on\, rmugh rnkma,,orJl rnd uLrimd.et) Lhrcuc\mrtid4 arLcn _ d!e\ onty,r r(te0l.n hd. :ll.n.l epfru'Ds rr,ro. tra.cR-'r\e mrn,r) rote^.1rDn,\o tu rnm bf,ngrhehem and\outotlhe otrhne _ as ws tbe ce wilh hudditdie imeruention shouldbe considerd onjy as an absoturc tasl E$n. altci ! numbcrot cledly definedcriicria have behner, and rh appmvatof thc secu.ity Council hasbenohained. Th lmauaAof the World Sunhit Outcoft Documnt <tidcontajnsomechdges as @npaEd wiLl onSinJ popo\atvn rhetctss md rr orherEpon\ wn,cl pl.cded rhe1001sulmi 'he rmh the HrShr4rel P .l md rhesarcury cencr. bur ,h0y trerce.*nriclv pre,mkuonal lne @rc underlyins ides rcnained unchtuged.rThe .four crifts dd rbne pilmi or pdasraphs
' Therrar a lkhrning in rhedesriFion of rhecoducr or fetuedcoducr _ mesary ro nale a c!* rR or x)P onamrh. tdu. noh on i ur \pqrfi! cdeg.n6 or. nm u,de, ,nknj.on,l tar. -rh rdN' bd erd. hln-h pmuhhn. mF gekn J ods\nbu3,ne turur oj rhe r.pon\c Fquid. shed. rl. .ad,.. do umnh cur rhe cale h{anb } r.1; rhF talos rF\cnr'un. r6ron rd r\u djgt,,he \ummd dcum.nr \t,ced I lcnrit'} db hf. *r;nr. enphdtins, Espcriv.ry: rtr mle ol .hc dare itseti rhlr or dbc^ ro Asis. h ;d rnd of dheFio 6ke appbpritu crion if ir was ,lfuifesdy failing ro pEvqr irs own poptesufi.inS ihilies, wirh the empnies r mh c6. bcing pnmrnly on pEvenrion,but embtui.g ft@rion dd E itdin! r welL

m th MdincJ: il cfl nean, tor .xmple, diplooaric psuasion dd pnssuE or the kid rhar wN exer&d so wcll by Kofi Ann& in Kehta. rhe thrert oi inicmarionatcrininal pllrsxrion, ,ms enbargoes, dgered stuctions,or perhaps jmnin8 or hdleradio narions. lhe The rcpon alsomarer cle. asdcs the 2m5 consensus rcetution. rhatif cercjve nilnary for.e de\ {em 1L .nl) trr) ,r.ropprrg m4\ auefJ cnne.. { hr\ ro b. done ab!.tnel\ ,n lnmpnArf qrh rheuN chder. w1'rh md\ ror mor pr4n.e\ bJ E\.tlrion or ,hc fmll.d urde' (-hap'ervII Lu!n... ot 20Ot I In ftarh Pr i rhe dnfinNhed J s r m e l r i tn rh e .h re n dl o h e u f ot .or cer fe sqr nr y cu,n.r t ,houtd doot\ In d*idi ns t r h e r \ . '( o eE i ron i l i b i o re r. i ' j rt,ed ,nu\ pd.!Ltr r d,c. r .he Sq dnr ! c;n.,tbefdc : cnt !4D or dFrppornl'1gl) r\.\c i.\ue\, a. i \om., fre. hJ. rn rT par. rhc aJ on | 0., ro nnd altmarivsto the Secu ycouncit, or eo round i! but ro nake the iecuft! Councn woi Whai d.Es ned my lunher cldfication is the Sauiiry Cou.cil,s power to mate such a "dr ha,e hcar! rmm $n or$ .har {\en a.G.n} \ the, re hcrns !11:l Jh..lece,.rcr "e \ otd .i18te.uk rheF.rnnorbe, tnrcz. to,tnt^a,ona peNe a n d s ! d y - . a .ch d n krvl r n trh eL r \.halo Fqd E. i...npr .,.5.,ot,r ,".nonyo,il,r ,"

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Thedebdcyou dc abar ro hale in the ce.erul Asknbly wi be tu cxrmelyimponanr one, ra Jn , I-i F ,.n r,,r he dn opponntr .U.r n,, .om e . i,he.on,ep,,.l l l L t le F r '.,n ' rrn f\$ h n h i i rl cJn l n u e roe\i.r .bnu' he\cop.$d,,hir ,otdr r e,Donvbr .i ( r o m i ,:l: T. p o r e ! |' \ e l o n d ty.rh ed cb sr L rttb f,i e\f cnr oppondr irr)o er nr or r l dekr t,te,r ns o. p o r . y o t u d \d \r|a h k,o q k,L r" .:t'.tuee ts.ddr he n".J in{ . ur ,unct r e,ine t, ano L \ r r . r \ cl d re n g e*h i rh w i l l h d ve oeo\e,.,me,t qe ar c , u he "r d 8,,ins,o r htc,n p.Jc.\cr o put rn placcdrecdvprcvenrivc ned\uEs,efc.ire Ea.rionncaurcs, md cfiedivc poi{n\n rcbuilding measuEsto enNre lhai underling causs ae addfts*d md rhe pbbl; dfts nor And third.dd in many*ays no( inponantof att,ris db.rewil be an opponunity, irn is apprca.hedin the righr spiit. ro buitd thc foundarionsror thc erercie or pohict wil, which we all know is rlE uttinak criti.,t i.sdinr.h n not e.oushjust," t,," i.-"pt,J " -.r""
' I hlievethar (nedelinjrionat lines m no' clerer and bcftr undesb.d rh.n fiey wen eveniu! a y* I d l,.n hrk {d \troutdhd{b, , mu . h o n , \ u t r , o re u rp L m I .p o - r h /r Ji up'0crr \'un' . -n k , \t R K eq\J, n c , it ' t 0 u 3 \ r t d n t . e d h e , rh ,r& e , , zdn s J J.nc d.fu , . J r. ^ d t u . d r scm - u"g n ond.rdmunsbr\i.E quall) lrh ' n lm. { o ru . q u u t d d g rrrh d h . . o " , , r, o n rn , r. , o , o l $ a \ mkF{,ren m cs l3 n 2 wr s c R. b \ rD! lb o u r, n r o b , a , ! c . ie \ . 1 r . . . h T- ..4.." " h,.e tr ,,r3i and tu. ,n rhe futorc g"n-Br. tur ddumnr Fn d[ hc\s :1:.,'*'."* d^r a r 'o n .l di non r d', u.fd. tri'h hoF , u j c \ F n o , r ! o m, c , . d d rh "d c b ; w, rh d T r. . !r f t , enre or wiar qe aE e'r !k nor. ratkinr $.ut

und$rddins of wbar w shouldall be doins. and lhe pmrical .aprcily radymd avaitabl10 do il, 6 crucially impondt 6 tlEe eleftnr G. TheE nu* be rhe witl ro act d *eU. And .ow 6 the lime ro be lmking fotuard, nol brckwdd, and buildi.s tharwill. The boton li.e challeqefor oll ofus in this @sFcl canb. very sinply sr.ted.Wharvcr els we messup in rhe conductof our affaiF. ler us ensuc thal wc ncverlgain messnp - 6 we have so tedbly oftn in the past wheo n cones to poteong p@pte frcn nr$ arr@iry c mes: ge.Gide, elhnic clmsi.g, other major cnnes asainsthundity bd wd crin*. Llts sl to tnc point wbendother CMbodi4 or Rwanda,or Bosnioor Ddfur l@ns on rhehorizon, as ir suretv will, lnd our @flx Espons s e inremationalconmunity is .or b say, 6 stalEshave been sayi.g for enturies, this is noneot our bnsiness but rarh.i to @eDt imedidlv rhar it tr lie bu\ine$of.llofu\. Md h.ve rhedebe untycbour trho \holtd do qb.r, whcndnj how A.d lel ns iecognie. abore all when wc have tne debates, lhat rhc .rucial concemshoDldnot be nario.al inteEst, or idmlogy, bur our comon hummny our oblisation simply 6 hldd bings not to sred by wabbi.g oui rellow hund b.ings s!fferins unrEmbtq uiutterable horc6. That s ehat rhe responsibiliryto prcted is arl abour,thafs sny n is s importanl tbar n b efrcdv.ly impl.hented in protice, md rhars why thn Ce.eral As*6bly debak nusr be .bout building on the consnsus we hare rlady. emdkabty, mhieled in 2005, lookina .or