A/64/1 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization General Assembly Official Records Sixty-fourth Session Supplement No. 1 General Assembly Official Records Sixty-fourth Session Supplement No. 1 Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization United Nations · New York, 2009 A/64/1 Note Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with figures. Mention of such a symbol indicates a reference to a United Nations document. ISSN 0082-8173 [4 August 2009] Contents Chapter Page I. II. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delivering results for people most in need . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. 2. B. The Millennium Development Goals and the other internationally agreed development goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The special needs of Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 3 3 6 7 7 8 9 10 11 11 12 13 14 15 15 16 17 18 20 20 20 21 22 Peace and security. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. 2. 3. Preventive diplomacy and support to peace processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Peacekeeping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Peacebuilding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. D. Humanitarian affairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Human rights, rule of law, genocide prevention and the responsibility to protect, and democracy and good governance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. 2. 3. 4. Human rights. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rule of law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Genocide prevention and the responsibility to protect. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Democracy and good governance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III. Securing global goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. B. C. D. Climate change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Global health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Countering terrorism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Disarmament and non-proliferation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV. Creating a stronger United Nations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. The Secretariat, the intergovernmental machinery, system-wide coherence and cooperation with regional organizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. 2. 3. The Secretariat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Intergovernmental machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . System-wide coherence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii 4. B. Cooperation with regional organizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 24 24 24 26 Global constituencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. 2. Strengthening partnerships with civil society. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Engaging the business community . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V. Annex Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Millennium Development Goals, targets and indicators, 2009: statistical tables . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 iv Chapter I Introduction 1. Ten years into the new millennium, the scope and magnitude of the tectonic shifts that are shaping the emerging global landscape are coming into sharper relief. The accelerated globalization of recent decades has linked people's fates together in ways we could only have imagined when the United Nations was created 64 years ago. 2. In recent times, the world has experienced unprecedented prosperity, peace, convergence on an increasingly universal normative framework and, thanks to the expansion of global communication, a heightened sense of community. However, not everyone has benefited from these global developments. Indeed, some have been left behind. 3. Just as over the past few decades, lives around the globe have become increasingly intertwined, so today, as our world is wracked by crisis, globalization is uniting our destinies in unprecedented ways. This past year the shock waves from the economic crisis spread to all corners of the globe with devastating effects on the most vulnerable populations and countries. An ongoing crisis of food insecurity continues to ravage families and communities, with over 1 billion people now going to bed hungry every night. The influenza A(H1N1) pandemic, the first influenza pandemic in over 40 years, has reminded us that our most precious commodity -- our health -- is linked to that of every other individual on the planet. Looming over all these crises, and potentially dwarfing them, the climate crisis we face continues to unfold, with scientists warning that the changes to our planet and its people are happening faster, and with a more severe impact, than most of our models predicted even a year or two ago. 4. We stand on a precipice. And yet, we cannot lose our nerve, or let the multiple crises turn into a crisis of confidence of our peoples. This is the ultimate multilateral moment. We are seeing the convergence of complex challenges across a spectrum of issues that lie at the core of the United Nations mission. To meet these challenges will require a multilateral effort of immense magnitude -- one that draws upon the strengths and contributions of all the countries of the world, as well as their citizens. 5. Twenty-first century multilateralism must build on the multilateral foundations of the previous century, but must also broaden and deepen them in dramatic new ways. There are five essential elements of a new multilateralism that can lead us through the current crisis-ridden landscape to a more bountiful, peaceful and sustainable future. 6. First, the new multilateralism must prioritize the provision of global public goods that counter those threats that are contagious across borders and that most directly link the destinies of all our peoples: we must deal with climate change; ensuring economic stability, food availability and prosperity for all; global health; disarmament and non-proliferation; and the struggle against terrorism. 7. Second, a new twenty-first century multilateralism must recognize the complex interconnections among the challenges that confront us, both the global goods issues and the ongoing challenges of national and regional conflicts, humanitarian disasters and the struggle for truly universal human rights. Solving the 09-44389 1 Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization problems one by one is neither possible, nor efficient nor effective. An integrated approach must inform our every effort. 8. Third, it must privilege the most vulnerable people around the world and must deliver much-needed security, development and human rights for them. This is essential both on moral grounds, as solidarity is the glue which will keep our human family together, and on enlightened self-interest grounds. The systematic bias against the poor and most vulnerable in good times and bad is simply not sustainable. Twenty-first century globalization must be for all, and must in the first instance be premised on realization of the Millennium Development Goals. 9. Fourth, it must bring to bear a much broader and deeper set of forces to address the multiple crises, broadening our collective response to include at its core, not as add-ons, constituencies from the private sector, civil society and academia. Multi-stakeholder coalitions must become the norm and not the exception if we are to successfully address the challenges before us. 10. Fifth, our new multilateralism will need to adapt and strengthen the existing global multilateral architecture to address the challenges of the twenty-first century. This will mean drawing upon the strengths of all nations, particularly those that are rising with the new century. It will mean harnessing both power and principle. A choice between one or the other is a false one. It also means improving the channels and mechanisms that ensure that the voices of the weak and vulnerable are heard in key decision-making forums. The United Nations is uniquely positioned to marshal this effort. 11. Strengthening our multilateral institutional architecture will also require adapting our multilateral mechanisms to be significantly more robust, as well as faster, more flexible and responsive than they have ever been. This is due in part to the fact that the accelerated pace of life in our contemporary globalized world has shrunk our time horizons, requiring much faster decision-making, and in part to the fact that the alliances and cooperation necessary to achieve desired goals increasingly vary widely from issue area to issue area and change over time. 12. The United Nations can and should be the hub of the new multilateralism. The Organization must provide the platform to harmonize competing interests and views of how to solve the problems the world faces. The United Nations must also continue to develop its ability to deliver the required services to people all over the world, especially those most in need. Not only is this a natural vocation for a universal organization, it is also the comparative advantage of an organization that has global reach, draws upon the resources and strengths of all nations and is charged by its Member States to address the broad spectrum of security, development, humanitarian and human rights challenges. 13. The Organization is committed to adapting to the new realities of this millennium and as this report reveals, has already taken many proactive steps to do so. However, without the full engagement and support of Member States, the magnitude of the global changes under way will quickly overtake our capacities. But with the help and commitment of our Member States, the Organization can be the agent of transformation that helps the human family adjust and adapt to the tremors and tectonic shifts reshaping our world. 2 09-44389 Chapter II Delivering results for people most in need 14. As the financial and economic crisis threatens to drive nations to look inward, now more than ever, the United Nations has an important role to play in giving voice to the voiceless and meeting the needs of the most vulnerable. 15. There is no question that the economic crisis is affecting us all in developing and developed countries alike. The United Nations report World economic situation and prospects as of mid-2009 (E/2009/73) foresees that the world economy will shrink by 2.6 per cent in 2009, the first negative global growth since the Second World War. 16. Notwithstanding the hardships faced in many parts of the developed world, the scenarios unfolding in many developing countries are grimmer. At least 60 developing countries are expected to face declining per capita income. Weak capacities for crisis mitigation in most developing countries further threaten to undermine efforts to address poverty, hunger and disease. 17. As the guardian of the global development and security agenda, the United Nations must play a key role in addressing these crises. It must use this historical moment to promote progress. A. Development 18. In 2000, with the adoption of the Millennium Development Goals, the United Nations charted out an ambitious course for development. Today, that course is threatened by uncertainty. However, if the global community responds with unity and in a determined and coordinated fashion, we will be able to overcome this difficult period in the world's history and secure peace and prosperity for all. 1. The Millennium Development Goals and the other internationally agreed development goals 19. With economies contracting, the resources needed to ensure continued progress towards the Millennium Development Goals are in short supply these days. At the same time, the demand has never been greater. The Millennium Development Goals require our redoubled efforts from now till the target date of 2015. As detailed in the 2009 Millennium Development Goals Report, in areas where global investments have been scaled up -- such as in efforts on AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and vaccine-preventable diseases -- we are seeing heartening progress. In areas where Millennium Development Goal investments are still lagging, such as primary education, maternal health, smallholder agriculture and basic infrastructure for the poor, the world is far behind in reaching its agreed targets. 20. Current projections suggest that overall poverty rates in the developing world will still fall in 2009, but at a much slower pace than before the downturn. For some countries, this may mean the difference between reaching or not reaching their poverty reduction target. According to the United Nations World economic situation and prospects as of mid-2009, this year 73 million to 103 million more people will remain in extreme poverty because of the current crisis. Without strong action to fight against hunger as outlined by the High-Level Task Force on the Global Food 09-44389 3 Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization Security Crisis, the targets to reduce the prevalence of undernourished people and underweight children will not be achieved by 2015. 21. The world is getting closer to universal primary education, although too slowly to meet the 2015 target. Major breakthroughs have been achieved in sub-Saharan Africa, where enrolment increased by 15 per cent from 2000 to 2007, and Southern Asia, which gained 11 per cent over the same period. Still, 72 million children worldwide were denied the right to education in 2007. Over the past five years, more girls have been enrolled in all levels of education. But the target of eliminating gender disparities in primary and secondary education by 2005 was missed. By denying education to children today, we are sentencing them to a life of poverty and we are having an irreversible negative impact on the future development of their countries. 22. It is of great concern that the current economic crisis is likely to have a dramatic impact on gender equality and women's empowerment. In many developing parts of the world, women provide most of the workforce to the agricultural sector. Those who are able to secure paid jobs outside agriculture generally fail to access decent work. They tend to be overrepresented in part-time or seasonal employment where job security and benefits are not provided. In Oceania, Southern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, this type of work accounts for more than 80 per cent of all women's jobs. 23. Historically, in many instances these patterns of employment make women most vulnerable to economic downturns. In poor households, particularly those where the main wage-earner is a woman, job loss has a devastating impact on the entire family. In economic downturns, the risk that women will become the victims of domestic violence also increases as unemployed husbands and fathers vent their frustrations at home. In order to accelerate efforts to protect women and reduce violence, the United Nations has initiated a campaign "Unite to End Violence against Women". The Organization urges Member States to support this effort. 24. Promoting and securing health is an ethical imperative and a foundation for prosperity, stability and poverty reduction. Health is at the heart of the Millennium Development Goals and a critical precondition for progress towards most other goals. Progress, however, has been mixed. 25. Despite a reduction in child mortality in all regions, deaths of children under five remain unacceptably high. Many countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia, have made little or no progress at all towards agreed targets. The levels are highest in sub-Saharan Africa, where, in 2007, close to one in seven children died before his or her fifth birthday. Child mortality tends to be highest among rural and poor families where mothers lack a basic education. The leading causes of these deaths -- pneumonia, diarrhoea, malaria and measles -- are all preventable through cost-effective improvements in neonatal and maternal care and basic health services. With a relatively small investment we can reduce child mortality markedly. 26. Progress on Millennium Development Goal 5 (reducing maternal mortality rates) is abysmal. In 2005, more than half a million women died as a result of pregnancy-related complications. Ninety-nine per cent of these deaths occurred in the developing regions, with sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia accounting for 85 per cent of all maternal deaths. In order to address this unacceptable situation, we 4 09-44389 Delivering results for people most in need must mobilize a concerted campaign of Governments, international organizations, the private sector, philanthropists, civil society and average citizens. We cannot delay. 27. The gains in the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and other diseases, especially neglected tropical diseases, are encouraging. As a result of improvements in prevention programmes and wider provision of antiretroviral therapies, the number of people newly infected with HIV declined from 3 million in 2001 to 2.7 million in 2007 and the estimated number of AIDS deaths also appears to be declining (2 million in 2007). 28. Increased attention, coordination and funding are enabling countries to adopt more aggressive strategies against malaria. Evidence suggests that the rapid rise in the distribution of mosquito nets coupled with the large-scale expansion of prevention programmes, improved access to diagnosis and treatment and more effective antimalarial drugs have substantially reduced malaria cases and deaths. 29. Success in eradicating tuberculosis rests on early detection of new cases and effective treatment. To achieve the target of halving the world's 1990 prevalence and death rates by 2015, regions in Africa and major countries in Asia which are lagging behind will have to improve both the extent and timeliness of the diagnosis of active tuberculosis and increase the rate of successful treatment. 30. Reaching the environmental sustainability goals set for 2015 will require concerted effort. The extraordinary accomplishment of reducing consumption of ozone-depleting substances by 97 per cent in the 20 years since the Montreal Protocol was ratified, shows what can be achieved with sustained global cooperation and the integration of sustainable development principles into national policy frameworks. We must now shift the focus to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The current economic crisis provides an opportunity to make needed changes by encouraging green growth and clean technologies. We must also preserve our forests and wildlife. We should be particularly concerned by the rising reports of species facing extinction in the developing world. 31. We must also address the impending global water shortage crisis. More than 1.2 billion people live under conditions of physical water scarcity. Northern Africa and Western Asia are under serious stress, as are some regions within large countries, especially in Asia. We must promote practices and invest in technologies designed to reduce water wastage and increase water reclamation. 32. At their 2005 Gleneagles summit meeting, leaders of the Group of Eight countries promised to increase annual global official development assistance flows by $50 billion (in 2004 terms) by 2010, and within this envelope, to more than double aid to Africa by increasing annual flows by $25 billion. To date, these pledges have not been met. Nevertheless, meeting earlier this year, the Group of Twenty and Group of Eight reaffirmed previous commitments to increase aid, including the Gleneagles commitments, and to help countries achieve the Millennium Development Goals. These and additional resources will be necessary if world leaders are to address the growing needs of low-income countries. 33. For our part, the United Nations system is developing a comprehensive system-wide crisis response in support of national development strategies and plans to put into place a Global Impact and Vulnerability Alert System that will track the impact of global crises on the poor and most vulnerable people. Concrete measures 09-44389 5 Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization such as these over the rest of the year will be crucial if we are to weather the current crisis and continue to make timely progress towards the Millennium Development Goals. 2. The special needs of Africa 34. Over the past decade, Africa has achieved impressive rates of economic expansion and growth, reaching an average annual growth in gross domestic product of 5.9 per cent during 2004-2007. However, the global economic crisis could reverse these trends. 35. According to the World economic situation and prospects as of mid-2009, a sharp decline in Africa's average annual growth rate from 6 per cent during 20042008 to just 0.9 per cent is expected for 2009. Against this backdrop, unemployment and precarious employment are on the rise as lower export earnings and a decrease in government revenues are affecting all economic activity. In the absence of comprehensive social safety nets, this will severely impact people's livelihoods and thus endanger the timely achievement of the Millennium Development Goals. 36. Over the past year the United Nations system has been able to strengthen its support for the African development agenda in general and the New Partnership for Africa's Development in particular. In July 2008, the Millennium Development Goals Africa Steering Group, which brings together the leaders of the African Union Commission, the Africa Development Bank Group, the European Commission, the International Monetary Fund, the Islamic Development Bank Group, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the World Bank and the United Nations, launched at the eleventh African Union Summit a comprehensive and fully costed set of recommendations on the key actions the international system could take to support Africa's accelerated achievement of the Millennium Development Goals. The Organization is working steadfastly to see these recommendations financed and implemented. It has also made steady progress in improving the effectiveness and coherence of United Nations programme delivery in Cape Verde, Mozambique, Rwanda and the United Republic of Tanzania, where pilot joint programmes are being adopted. 37. Nevertheless, as the year progresses, there is a danger that deteriorating economic conditions will give rise to political tensions. We have already seen food riots in several African countries and a troubling re-emergence of unconstitutional changes of government. In Chad and Somalia, internal crises are reaching new levels of gravity, threatening to destabilize the region. 38. The international community must help Africa tackle the crisis. World leaders should adhere to the renewed commitments they made at the General Assembly's high-level meeting on Africa's development needs, held in September 2008, and through the adoption of the political declaration on Africa's development needs in Assembly resolution 63/1. 39. As part of Africa's growing architecture of institutions in peace and security, the African Peer Review Mechanism, the work of the African Union Peace and Security Council, the African Union's early warning system, the African Standby Force and the Pan-African Parliament are important. The steadily expanding strategic relationship between the United Nations and the African Union, particularly in the area of peacekeeping, is a positive development as is the United 6 09-44389 Delivering results for people most in need Nations Security Council's decision to broaden the scope of its consideration of matters of peace and security to include violence against women and children, with special attention to Africa. B. Peace and security 40. Unfortunately, in too many corners of the world, conflicts continue unabated and both State and non-State actors act with considerable disregard for civilians, often targeting women with particularly heinous crimes. Wherever possible, the United Nations is actively pursuing opportunities for peace. Over the past year the United Nations did have some success in improving the situation of those mostaffected and needy populations. The global economic crisis added a new layer of complexity to our work by catalysing social unrest and political instability in many places. 1. Preventive diplomacy and support to peace processes 41. A key role of the United Nations is to assist national actors in resolving conflict at an early stage, and to help build national capacity to sustain peace and protect human rights. Without political settlements, the world will be left with festering conflicts which place a heavy burden on humanitarian delivery systems and on peacekeeping. 42. This past year, the Organization's engagement in preventive diplomacy and support to peace processes was extensive. Support was provided to the peace processes in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Somalia, the Central African Republic and the Comoros. Following the elections, intensive diplomatic efforts took place in Zimbabwe under the overall mediation of the Southern African Development Community and South Africa. The Organization was also asked to support political processes in Kenya, Sierra Leone, Guinea-Bissau, Niger, Cameroon, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea and Madagascar. In all these cases, it offered political and technical support, often in cooperation with partners such as the African Union. 43. The Organization continues to support full-fledged negotiations in Cyprus and political dialogue and reconciliation in Iraq. In Nepal, the Organization provided assistance in the implementation of the comprehensive peace agreement. In Central Asia, it worked closely with all countries of the region to facilitate joint approaches to cross-border challenges, including terrorism, drug trafficking and organized crime, and the management of natural resources. 44. As part of recently intensified diplomatic efforts by the international community in the Middle East peace process, the good offices of the SecretaryGeneral have continued. The need for the resumption of direct talks on a two-State solution and comprehensive regional peace was underscored by events such as the major armed crisis in Gaza, discontinuation of Israeli-Palestinian negotiations undertaken in the Annapolis framework and limited progress towards Palestinian unity. In Lebanon, the Secretary-General's good offices were extended with a view to sustaining the relative calm that has prevailed in the post-election period. 09-44389 7 Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization 45. The Organization looks forward to working further with Member States on investing in capacities to respond to crises quickly and effectively and to support peace processes more predictably and professionally. 2. Peacekeeping 46. The challenges that peacekeepers face today are unprecedented in scale, complexity, and risk level. Their engagement includes supporting political dialogue between parties, assisting national Governments to extend State authority, strengthening human rights and the rule of law, advising on security sector reform, supporting disarmament, demobilization and reintegration programmes and protecting civilians. The latter, in particular, is challenging the capacity of the Organization's peacekeeping missions to robustly implement authorized mandates. 47. The Department of Peacekeeping Operations, with the support of the Department of Field Support, currently manages 17 operations deployed across five continents. These operations comprise more than 117,000 deployed military, police and civilian personnel. The budget has risen to nearly $7.8 billion a year, at a time when available resources are in danger of shrinking. 48. On the ground, peacekeepers encounter a full spectrum of environments ranging from those where some form of conflict continues, to those where a fragile stability has been reached, to those where solid peace processes are in place and peacebuilding processes dominate. 49. Over the past year the United Nations peacekeeping presence in Chad, Darfur and the Democratic Republic of the Congo increased. In Chad, a United Nations peacekeeping mission successfully succeeded the military force deployed by the European Union in March. In Darfur, deployments increased allowing the mission to project its presence more effectively. Nevertheless, the mission continued to lack resources, including helicopters, critical to the effective implementation of its mandate. The United Nations Mission in the Sudan has continued to support the resolution of core issues of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement which promise to enhance the prospects for stability in the entire region. 50. In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, renewed fighting erupted at the end of August 2008. The Security Council approved in November the mission's request to deploy an additional 3,000 military and police to increase the flexibility and reaction capacity of the mission to meet emerging needs. While some of these additional capabilities were expected to begin deploying by July 2009, the deployment of other specialized capabilities remained uncertain. 51. A deteriorating security environment is also a primary concern for the United Nations presence in Afghanistan. The efforts of the United Nations mission have been focused on coordinating the international community's development assistance and providing support to national institutions, including their preparations for elections in August 2009. 52. In Somalia, the Organization pursued a carefully calibrated set of steps in support of the highly fragile peace process, as endorsed by the Security Council in resolutions 1863 (2009) and 1872 (2009). Preparedness plans are being drawn up in the event of a future decision by the Security Council to deploy a United Nations peacekeeping mission. 8 09-44389 Delivering results for people most in need 53. The past year saw relative stability and some progress towards a reduction of tensions in Lebanon. The United Nations peacekeeping mission focused its efforts on confidence-building and assisting securing stability. 54. In Burundi, Côte d'Ivoire, Haiti, Sierra Leone and Timor-Leste, peacekeepers are supporting peace consolidation processes, extension of the rule of law, national capacity-building on gender equality issues and the creation of an environment conducive to the development of a sustainable local economy. 55. Despite divergent political views in the Security Council on the situations in Georgia and in Kosovo, the missions carried out their mandates over the past year supported by concerted diplomatic efforts. Following an agreement in the Security Council, the United Nations Mission in Kosovo began the phased handover of the operational responsibility in the rule of law area to the European Union in December 2008. The mission in Georgia came to an end this June due to a lack of consensus among Security Council Members on mandate extension. 56. Over the last year, the Departments of Peacekeeping Operations and Field Support continued to evolve and adapt. Important organizational reforms are under way, including developing a standing police capacity in a strengthened Police Division, increasing capacity in the Office of Rule of Law and Security Institutions and in the Office of Military Affairs in the Department of Peacekeeping Operations, and developing the capacity of the Department of Field Support as a service provider. Notwithstanding these recent reforms, much work still remains to ensure that the United Nations can meet evolving demands. 57. United Nations peacekeeping is at a crossroads. The Organization needs a renewed global partnership with Member States and its partners within and outside the United Nations system to ensure that requests for United Nations peacekeeping are accompanied by active political strategies and political support to implement mandates, support for faster deployment, and adequately calibrated and optimally configured human and capital resources. This is essential if the Organization is to deliver results for a more secure world. 3. Peacebuilding 58. The recent report on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict (A/63/881-S/2009/304) emphasized that peacebuilding is first and foremost a national process. In countries emerging from conflict, the needs of a country and its people are enormous. To seize the opportunities presented by the end of conflict, a timely, prioritized and adequately resourced response from national, regional and international actors is essential. 59. The report sets out a number of concrete proposals, including measures to improve not only the Organization's own response but also its ability to provide leadership to the wider international community during this period. Specifically, the report highlights the need to strengthen and support our leadership teams in the field, to promote strategic coherence from the earliest stage of the international response, to strengthen national capacity from the outset, to improve the international community's ability to provide rapid and predictable capacities, particularly in recurring priority areas, and to enhance the speed, flexibility and risk tolerance of post-conflict funding. 09-44389 9 Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization 60. The evolving role of the Peacebuilding Commission, the Peacebuilding Fund and the Peacebuilding Support Office are closely linked to this agenda. Over the last year, Member States working through the Peacebuilding Commission have continued to provide support to nationally driven efforts to achieve sustainable peace in Burundi, the Central African Republic, Guinea-Bissau and Sierra Leone. 61. In the past year, the Peacebuilding Fund has provided funding assistance to a growing number of countries emerging from conflict. As of April 2009, with more than $309 million in deposits, the Fund had already allocated over $131 million to 12 countries for a total of 65 projects. These support national dialogue and conflict reconciliation initiatives, security and justice sector reform and demobilization and disarmament of former combatants. On 17 June 2009, the General Assembly approved revised terms of reference for the Fund which incorporate lessons learned from the operational experiences of the Fund over the last two years. 62. Despite all of this progress, additional efforts are needed to effectively meet the challenges of countries recovering from conflict and to close the gap in our institutional response to peacebuilding needs. Ensuring coherence among key national, regional and international actors will be essential for effective action. C. Humanitarian affairs 63. Throughout 2008, the United Nations continued its efforts to improve the timeliness and effectiveness of humanitarian assistance worldwide in response to the devastating effects of several large-scale natural disasters, worsening conflict situations and the global food crisis. 64. In collaboration with Governments and other partners, the United Nations supported the humanitarian response to some 55 emergencies. The damage caused by Cyclone Nargis in Myanmar, conflict in Georgia, the repeated hurricanes in Haiti and Cuba, the cholera outbreak in Zimbabwe and drought in Ethiopia were among the crises calling for coordinated efforts. 65. The year 2008 saw significant improvements within the international humanitarian system. The principles and approaches of the 2005-2006 humanitarian reform initiative which aimed to ensure a more rapid, predictable and accountable humanitarian response are now the standard way the United Nations system supports Governments and affected populations. The humanitarian architecture at the country level is now clearer: a Humanitarian Coordinator; a cluster (sector) lead agency for each of the main areas of humanitarian response; and an inclusive humanitarian country team which shapes overall strategic direction for the humanitarian response. The cluster approach -- which establishes clear sector-based partnerships to address gaps and strengthen the effectiveness of humanitarian response -- was implemented in 13 new countries, including 5 that experienced sudden-onset emergencies, bringing the total number of countries with Humanitarian or Resident Coordinators using the cluster approach to 33. 66. With almost $12 billion in humanitarian spending registered globally, 2008 was a year of near-record resource mobilization. About half of this global humanitarian funding was provided to projects in United Nations consolidated appeals and flash appeals, covering approximately 70 per cent of the $7 billion in 10 09-44389 Delivering results for people most in need appeal requirements. This represented a 40 per cent increase in total funding over 2007. 67. Thanks to concerted mobilization efforts, $453 million was contributed to the Central Emergency Response Fund and $406 million to country-level pooled funds, ensuring better coordination of funding. This represented a 22 per cent increase compared to pooled resources obtained in 2007. The Organization and its partners also worked hard to improve relationships on the ground, particularly with non-governmental organizations, in order to improve assistance to those most in need. 68. Major challenges for some humanitarian work include growing humanitarian access problems, increasingly unsafe operating environments and decreasing respect for the basic humanitarian principles of humanity, independence, impartiality and neutrality. The challenges of providing timely and predictable humanitarian assistance will be intensified by the current global financial crisis. On the policy side, work on issues such as needs assessment, better impact evaluation and the transition from emergency relief must be intensified. 69. The year 2008 also brought new insights into how humanitarian work might be shaped in the future. Emerging threats like the global food crisis and climate change placed additional strains on the international humanitarian system, demonstrating how factors other than the traditional triggers of humanitarian crisis can generate acute vulnerability. The degree to which these issues are reflected in the global agenda remains inadequate. These new challenges remind the United Nations system, and the humanitarian community as a whole, of the critical need to remain flexible and adapt constantly to changing circumstances. D. Human rights, rule of law, genocide prevention and the responsibility to protect, and democracy and good governance 70. History shows that economic crises often catalyse unhealthy trends in our societies and polities like chauvinism, racism, human rights violations and abrogation of the rule of law. For this reason and at this time, it is imperative that the United Nations make a special effort to promote respect for human rights and non-discrimination, support the further development of the rule of law globally, embrace genocide prevention and the responsibility to protect and renew its commitment and engagement to foster democracy and good governance. Protecting these rights is central to our mission to deliver to those most in need and is indispensable for our peace and development efforts to be sustainable. 1. Human rights 71. Notwithstanding the enormous progress made in recent years in the field of human rights in developing new legal instruments and strengthening institutions, serious violations of human rights continue to be committed on a daily basis in numerous countries around the world. Celebrations for last year's sixtieth anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights revealed enormous popular enthusiasm for the ideals enshrined in the Declaration, but also provided a reminder of the distance still to be covered before we can proclaim the rights of all to be truly protected. 09-44389 11 Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization 72. The anniversary of the Declaration coincided with growing recognition of the relevance of human rights in crafting responses to a host of global challenges, including climate change, the food and financial crises and the HIV/AIDS pandemic. 73. Increasing economic hardship, exacerbated by the global economic crisis, has resulted in a rise in xenophobia and discrimination against migrants in many countries of the world. Nonetheless, the Organization's advocacy contributed to an increased number of Member States ratifying the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrants and Members of Their Families and highlighted the human rights dimensions of migration. 74. Marginalization, disempowerment, racial discrimination and intolerance were also addressed at the Durban Review Conference in April 2009. Notwithstanding the tensions around the Conference, the outcome document does provide a basis for addressing racial discrimination globally and constructively addresses the crucial issue of incitement to racial and religious hatred. The Committee that monitors implementation of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination has further enhanced and streamlined its early warning and urgent action procedure to address grave and urgent threats to racial groups and ethnic populations in different regions of the world. 75. The universal periodic review of the Human Rights Council, under which the human rights record of 80 countries has been reviewed to date, has put additional emphasis on national implementation by creating a review mechanism with broad participation. A range of recommendations adopted through the process is already being implemented by many reviewed States with the support of the United Nations country teams on the ground. These are important achievements, but the Human Rights Council can and must do more to address the many serious human rights situations around the world. 2. Rule of law 76. The past year was a historic one for the effort to combat impunity for serious international crimes, owing to the renewed commitment by some Member States to the rule of law. Yet, scores of victims of violations of international humanitarian and human rights law in many countries await justice. 77. The Organization continues to be the global centre for the promotion of the rule of law. Over 40 United Nations system entities conduct activities in more than 110 countries. Activities are vast and include the promotion and implementation of norms and standards in most fields of international law, supporting transitional justice, strengthening security and justice institutions and providing the rule of law in mediation processes (see A/63/64). The Organization includes judicial mechanisms, such as ad hoc tribunals, and supports other accountability mechanisms. This year marked the commencement of the functioning of the Special Tribunal for Lebanon. The Organization's rule of law activities also help address global challenges like international piracy; the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, for example, has been supporting Kenya and other East African countries in the prosecution of suspects involved in piracy off the coast of Somalia. 78. The arrangements to improve the coherence and quality of United Nations rule of law assistance are producing results. To provide overall policy direction, the Rule 12 09-44389 Delivering results for people most in need of Law Coordination and Resource Group has issued guidance notes on the United Nations approach to rule of law assistance, justice for children and United Nations assistance to constitution-making processes. 79. The Organization's dialogue with Member States to promote rule of law at the international level has borne fruit in terms of both moving the rule of law agenda forward and contributing to an emerging consensus on assistance policies and coordination among key stakeholders. 3. Genocide prevention and the responsibility to protect 80. The Secretary-General takes very seriously the responsibility of the United Nations system as a whole to prevent genocide and other mass atrocities. Over the past year, two Special Advisers to the Secretary-General who address these issues have made significant efforts to achieve greater progress towards the establishment of a system that will prevent and respond to such crimes. Both mandates operate on the basis of three pillars of responsibility: the State's responsibility for its populations, international support for the State, and timely and decisive response by the international community, in accordance with the Charter, when States manifestly fail to protect their populations from the specified crimes. 81. The office of the Special Adviser on the Prevention of Genocide has put in place a framework of analysis to help in determining situations that if not addressed urgently could result in mass violations of international humanitarian law, including genocide. This framework suggests areas where proactive efforts for early warning and prevention can be undertaken. It has been reviewed by experts from within the United Nations system. Using the framework, the office has analysed a number of country situations in Africa and Asia. 82. The office has established an information collection system and has instituted collaboration with partners within and outside the United Nations. It has increased its visibility through the creation of a website and other means, as general awareness is one of the tools available for the prevention of genocide. Finally, the Special Adviser has strengthened his outreach activities with regard to Member States, in particular the members of the Security Council, by briefing every incoming President and by holding meetings for the exchange of information. 83. The Special Adviser who focuses on the responsibility to protect has addressed the conceptual, institutional and political dimensions of rendering operational the principles contained in paragraphs 138 and 139 of the 2005 World Summit Outcome (General Assembly resolution 60/1). The report on implementing the responsibility to protect (A/63/677) -- based on extensive research and wide consultations with Member States, United Nations departments, agencies and programmes, non-governmental organization representatives and independent experts -- outlines an operational strategy for preventing genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity, as well as their incitement, and for responding in a timely and decisive manner, in accordance with the Charter, when they occur. In late July, the General Assembly held a three-day debate on the Secretary-General's report that demonstrated both broad support for the Secretary-General's three-pillared strategy for addressing the responsibility to protect, as well as the need for continuing consultations and deliberation on its various aspects. 09-44389 13 Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization 84. To improve early warning and assessment capacity, as mandated by paragraph 138 of the World Summit Outcome, the Special Advisers are consolidating appropriate mechanisms for an inclusive process of collaboration within the United Nations system and with Member States. 4. Democracy and good governance 85. Democratic principles are woven throughout the normative fabric of the Organization and have been continually strengthened by the progressive adoption of international norms, standards and resolutions, as well as by ever greater operational activity in the area of democracy promotion. 86. In the past year, the Organization provided ongoing support to almost 50 Member States in conducting genuine and periodic elections across a range of peacekeeping, peacebuilding and development contexts. Examples included multiparty elections in Nepal, Sierra Leone, Zambia, Bangladesh, Honduras, Maldives and Guinea-Bissau. The Organization continued its extensive efforts to assist in the development of democratic institutions and good governance worldwide. The use of information and communications technology and e-government contributed to enhancing transparency, accountability and public administration. 87. The Organization's efforts to support democracy worldwide have been strengthened through the grant-making United Nations Democracy Fund. Specifically targeting local non-governmental organizations, the Fund's projects aim to strengthen the voice of civil society, promote human rights and encourage the participation of all groups in democratic processes. To date, the Fund has received more than $90 million in contributions and supported 204 projects around the world in two funding rounds. 14 09-44389 Chapter III Securing global goods 88. The world has changed. Ties of commerce, communication and migration are binding us ever closer. At the same time we see the emergence of a set of global threats that are challenging all of our fates. Just as the issues have become more interdependent, so have we. 89. The United Nations is ideally situated for providing the global leadership needed to address these twenty-first-century challenges. As the only universal organization with a comprehensive mandate, it can catalyse action by its entire membership and can build innovative stakeholder partnerships needed for addressing the range and scope of the challenges on the international agenda today. Moreover, the Organization's Member States expect it to do so. It is for this reason that at the beginning of his tenure the Secretary-General announced that one of his key priorities would be to deliver on global goods. This past year, he has adhered to this commitment, spearheading major policy initiatives in climate change, global health, counter-terrorism, and disarmament and non-proliferation. A. Climate change 90. In 2009 -- the year of climate change -- Governments will convene in Copenhagen to negotiate and, hopefully, conclude a new global climate agreement. A strong, scientifically sound agreement in Copenhagen is essential for mitigating emissions, bolstering the adaptation potential of vulnerable countries and catalysing the lower-carbon green growth that will power a more sustainable global economy. 91. The Secretary-General has called climate change the defining challenge of our generation. It affects every sphere of activity, from energy and the economy to health, food, development and security. No issue better demonstrates the need for global solidarity. No issue is more fundamental to revitalizing the global economy and ensuring sustainable prosperity. And no issue is more essential to our survival as a species. From the moment the Secretary-General took office, he sought to mobilize the political will needed to address this increasingly grave global threat. This year, leadership at the highest level, from each and every country, is urgently needed to protect the planet, save lives and build a more sustainable global economy. 92. Last year's December meeting on climate change in Poznan, Poland, was an important milestone on the road from Bali to Copenhagen. Much remains to be done, however. While there are other forums for climate discussions, only the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change enjoys global legitimacy based on the principle of near-universal participation. It will continue to facilitate negotiations among all parties. 93. Several elements require resolution to seal a deal in Copenhagen. At present, these include ambitious mitigation targets from industrialized countries; mitigation measures from the developing countries, beyond what they are already doing; increased financing, both for mitigation and adaptation, including incentives for reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation; equitable institutional and 09-44389 15 Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization governance arrangements; and a framework for adaptation to assist those countries most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. 94. To further prospects for success in Copenhagen, the Secretary-General is organizing a high-level event on climate change for all Heads of State and Government at United Nations Headquarters on 22 September 2009. It will be the only international climate meeting before Copenhagen to bring together all the world's leaders, from the major emitters to the most vulnerable. 95. Going forward, the United Nations system is committed to assisting Governments in the implementation of all existing and future climate change agreements. To that end, the Organization continues to draw upon an increasingly coherent and well-coordinated response from United Nations agencies, funds and programmes focused on adaptation, capacity-building, climate knowledge, prevention of deforestation and degradation and technology development and transfer, which is coordinated through the Chief Executives Board for Coordination. 96. Numerous examples of inter-agency cooperation exist, including at the country level, where the Organization is delivering results for those most in need. One such initiative supports rainforest countries in reducing emissions caused by deforestation and degradation, while protecting indigenous livelihoods. Another helps developing countries strengthen their involvement in mitigation actions that advance sustainable development through the clean development mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol. 97. The inter-agency climate change adaptation network supports developing countries with the information and technology needed to bolster community-based climate resilience measures. Disaster risk reduction efforts, another core element of adaptation policy, are helping create safer communities, both now and under the more extreme weather conditions of the future. 98. Finally, the global green economy initiative, launched last year, provides policymakers with the timely analysis needed to help transform the economy in a lower-carbon direction. If it is fully implemented -- and backed by an ambitious climate agreement in Copenhagen -- lives and livelihoods can be saved and the world set on a safer, more sustainable course of green growth. 99. Combating climate change is a moral imperative -- and an economic opportunity. In addressing the climate challenge, we can help catalyse economic recovery, improve energy access and food security for the poor and strengthen our efforts to achieve the Millennium Development Goals. This year, we must join together to help realize the ultimate global good: protecting lives while protecting our planet, for this and future generations. B. Global health 100. The Secretary-General has made advancing global health a core priority. In this interconnected world, illness and disease in one part of the world affect the well-being of people worldwide, either through direct or indirect channels. The influenza A(H1N1) outbreak reminded us that geography no longer guarantees immunity and that we can only protect ourselves if we come together and join forces. This is true for pandemics as well as the other global health challenges we face today. 16 09-44389 Securing global goods 101. The United Nations system has been working to prepare and respond to the possibility of a pandemic. Over the past years, the system has initiated advance planning, encouraged transparency in sharing real-time information and intelligence on the progress of diseases, advocated for investment in strong public health systems and sought to forge strong partnerships between the private, public and voluntary sectors. These measures have dramatically improved our response capacity to new outbreaks and emerging diseases. 102. The Organization has looked beyond the influenza outbreak to the more systemic problems underlying global health provision. These are closely linked to progress on development and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals. A healthier world is a better world, a safer world and a more just world. 103. Central to this quest is the need to address maternal health, the Millennium Development Goal which lags behind the rest. Maternal health is a critical indicator of the health and prosperity of a nation. Women are central to building productive and social capital: they provide the labour force and the glue cementing communities together, and they frequently are responsible for caring for extended families which would otherwise be completely destitute. 104. Over the past few years, the Organization has seen important progress in the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria. The multi-stakeholder partnerships that have been forged to address these diseases have proven to be effective. Ending malaria deaths, for example, may soon be a reality. 105. We must continue to address a host of diseases primarily affecting the world's poor in both the South and the North, particularly the neglected tropical diseases. We must also direct our attention to preventing and treating chronic diseases, especially heart disease, stroke, diabetes and cancer, which are the biggest killers worldwide. Without focusing on these threats to health, we will not be able to improve livelihoods and continue to expand healthy lifespans. 106. In the current economic crisis, there may be some temptation to cut budgets for health and reduce services available to the poor. This would be both morally wrong and economically counterproductive. Investment in health has huge positive implications for a country's economic and social well-being today and decades into the future. 107. Many of these themes have been picked up and further elaborated at the Economic and Social Council's 2009 Annual Ministerial Review on "Implementing the internationally agreed goals and commitments in regard to global public health". The Organization looks forward to continuing the dialogue to help fine-tune the strategies it is currently employing for a healthier world. C. Countering terrorism 108. Addressing terrorism is one of the global challenges that must be met if we are to enjoy a future of peace, security and development. The General Assembly adopted resolution 60/288, the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, in September 2006 as a concrete plan to counter terrorism and the conditions conducive to its spread, while maintaining human rights imperatives. In September 2008, the Assembly renewed its commitment to the Strategy. Earnest efforts are needed at the national, regional, international and grass-roots levels to ensure the 09-44389 17 Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization continued implementation of the Strategy in a comprehensive and integrated manner. 109. In September 2008, Member States urged the Secretary-General to make the necessary arrangements to institutionalize the United Nations Counter-Terrorism Implementation Task Force, a body established to ensure coordination and coherence in counter-terrorism efforts among various entities within the United Nations system (General Assembly resolution 62/272). In response to this request, the Secretary-General has relocated the base of operations of the Task Force to the Department of Political Affairs. A new, full-time Task Force Chair will be appointed who will continue to work in a coordinated fashion with Member States and with the member entities of the Task Force, including the Security Council's counterterrorism-related bodies. 110. In assisting implementation of the Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, the Task Force has identified cross-cutting areas of work where cooperation across Task Force entities can provide added value. At present, eight working groups are organized around these cross-cutting issues: (a) integrated assistance for countering terrorism; (b) preventing and resolving conflicts; (c) supporting and highlighting victims of terrorism; (d) preventing and responding to weapons of mass destruction attacks; (e) tackling the financing of terrorism; (f) countering the use of the Internet for terrorist purposes; (g) strengthening the protection of vulnerable targets; and (h) protecting human rights while countering terrorism. The Task Force briefed Member States on its work most recently in March 2009. 111. As part of this work, last year the Secretary-General convened an international symposium on supporting victims of terrorism that brought together victims, experts and representatives of Member States, regional organizations, civil society and the media. The symposium gave victims of terrorism a human face and provided a forum for sharing best practices and discussing concrete steps to assist them. 112. While the Task Force and United Nations system entities have a role to play, the greater part of Strategy implementation must be undertaken at the national, regional and grass-roots levels. As the Organization looks to the future, it anticipates increased efforts to expand and strengthen partnerships between Member States, the United Nations system, regional and subregional organizations and civil society. D. Disarmament and non-proliferation 113. The world continues to face risks from the existence of weapons of mass destruction, especially nuclear weapons; their geographical spread; and their possible acquisition by non-State actors and terrorists. Moreover, despite certain achievements in the field of conventional arms, the destabilizing accumulation and proliferation of conventional arms still remains a serious security threat. 114. There is an encouraging growing momentum towards achieving the goal of a world free from nuclear weapons. This momentum has materialized in a variety of initiatives not just by civil society but by nuclear-weapon States and non-nuclearweapon States alike. These efforts point the way to move from the divisions and paralysis of the past towards genuine dialogue and progress. The joint understanding for a follow-on agreement to the START Treaty resulting from the talks held in July in Moscow between President Barack Obama and President Dmitry Medvedev is 18 09-44389 Securing global goods particularly welcome. The new verifiable and legally binding agreement will contain significant reductions in the number of strategic nuclear warheads and delivery systems. 115. There are challenges that require urgent global action. The second nuclear test that the Democratic People's Republic of Korea conducted on 25 May 2009 was declared a clear and grave violation of relevant Security Council resolutions and the norm established by the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty. The event highlighted the urgency of the Treaty's entry into force. 116. Concerns remain about the nuclear programme of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Efforts to find a peaceful resolution of the outstanding issues must continue. The Islamic Republic of Iran has a responsibility to implement measures to establish confidence in the exclusively peaceful nature of its nuclear programme. 117. Last October, the Secretary-General outlined his five-point plan for disarmament. He encouraged nuclear-weapon States to make further cuts in their nuclear arsenals, underscored the need for new efforts to bring the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty into force, and emphasized that the Conference on Disarmament must begin negotiations on a fissile material treaty without preconditions. In May, the Conference on Disarmament was able to reach an agreement on its programme of work, ending the stalemate that has virtually paralysed the world's single multilateral negotiating body on disarmament for more than a decade. 118. The review process of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons regained part of the ground lost in 2005 and there are expectations that the States parties will continue to build on the positive momentum towards a successful 2010 Review Conference. 119. In the area of conventional weapons, combating the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons remains one of the Organization's priorities. The Organization calls upon Member States to negotiate and adopt a legally binding treaty on the import, export and transfer of conventional arms on a non-discriminatory and transparent basis. The United Nations Regional Centres for Peace and Disarmament in Africa, Asia and the Pacific and Latin America and the Caribbean will continue to provide expertise and active support to build the capacity of States to fight the scourge of armed violence and eradicate illicit arms trafficking. 120. March 2009 marked the tenth anniversary of the entry into force of the Ottawa Convention on Landmines. The progress thus far has been remarkable in stigmatizing the use and banning the transfer of anti-personnel landmines, although much remains to be done to achieve the goal of a world free of them. The Organization will continue to support the new Convention on Cluster Munitions -- opened for signature in Oslo in December 2008 -- to achieve its early entry into force. It also encourages the conclusion of negotiations on cluster munitions in the context of the Convention on Conventional Weapons as complementary and mutually reinforcing to the process leading to the Convention on Cluster Munitions. 121. The coming year is likely to provide a window of opportunity for tangible progress in the area of disarmament and non-proliferation. We must work together to maintain and reinvigorate effective disarmament and non-proliferation norms, so that stability and security can prevail both nationally and internationally. 09-44389 19 Chapter IV Creating a stronger United Nations 122. When the Secretary-General took office, he pledged that he would make reform a key priority. If the United Nations is to be successful in delivering to those most in need and addressing global challenges through the provision of global goods, it must improve and streamline its organizational functioning through improved accountability, transparency and efficiency. While current reforms are designed to optimize the Organization's performance, the full and active engagement and support of Member States is required to fulfil these expectations. Member States must align their demands on the Organization with a realistic assessment and subsequent provision of resources to attain the stated goals. We have much work ahead of us if we are to make the needed structural and policy improvements. Without these, we will not be able to be fully accountable to each other and to the global citizenry whom we serve. A. The Secretariat, the intergovernmental machinery, system-wide coherence and cooperation with regional organizations 123. In order for the United Nations to function effectively, the Secretariat, the intergovernmental machinery and regional organizations must work seamlessly together. Over the past year, in collaboration with Member States, the Organization has been working hard to strengthen the core and build the connective tissue. 1. The Secretariat 124. If the Secretariat is to deliver results for those most in need, it must have a modern, efficient and nimble administration capable of supporting increasingly operational and field-based programmes. As part of proposed reforms, the Secretary-General launched a strategic workforce planning initiative designed to attract new talent and provide more mobility and career development opportunities for existing staff. In December 2008, the General Assembly agreed to replace the Organization's cumbersome contractual structure with a simplified framework and harmonize conditions of service across the Secretariat (resolution 63/250). The Assembly's decision to strengthen the development pillar of the Secretariat (resolution 63/260) is very welcome given currently overtaxed capacities. 125. Human resource reforms alone, however, are not enough to ensure timely and efficient delivery of results. The Secretariat's business processes must be streamlined and firmly rooted in a culture of client orientation. To this end, in December 2008 the General Assembly authorized the Enterprise Resource Planning project named "Umoja" that will redesign and integrate core administrative processes across the Secretariat and peacekeeping operations. A revised service delivery model, based on accepted best practices, will enhance the Organization's ability to fulfil its mandates more effectively by improving the way it delivers its finance, procurement, supply chain, logistics, central support and human resources services. In the meantime, it has already implemented a number of procurement reforms as well as the Lean Six Sigma capacity-building programme, which will support departments in implementing management reforms. 09-44389 20 Creating a stronger United Nations 126. The global economic crisis poses a unique challenge this year to securing the funding required for the Secretariat to carry out its mandates. It has influenced budget proposals for the biennium 2010-2011 and has made reforming the budget process an even more pressing priority. The Organization is committed to strengthening the budget process. The Organization counts on the support of Member States to assist it in ensuring that there is a more timely discussion of the budget and that decision-making is focused on how resources are best spent to achieve results. 127. The Secretary-General is determined to develop a results-oriented culture at every level of the Organization, starting with senior management and cascading down to individual staff. This year for the first time, the assessment of each senior manager's performance in 2008 was published to demonstrate that achieving results and strengthening accountability and transparency are central to the Organization's management reform agenda. 128. Accountability was also strengthened through the introduction of a new system of administration of justice to handle internal disputes and disciplinary matters in the United Nations in a more efficient and professional manner. Two new tribunals, the United Nations Dispute Tribunal and the United Nations Appeals Tribunal, will provide a judicial review of cases where informal resolution has not been possible. 129. The capital master plan -- the renovation of the Organization's Headquarters -- is now well under way. This five-year project will modernize our facilities and result in a 50 per cent decrease in energy consumption compared to existing conditions. It will create a better work environment and should promote innovation and better performance. 2. Intergovernmental machinery 130. If the Secretariat serves as the heart, the various legislative and other bodies that make up the intergovernmental machinery function as the arteries and nerves, transporting the life blood and energy to the Organization. For the past year, in addition to their usual diverse activities, the General Assembly, the Security Council and the Economic and Social Council have had the additional challenge of responding to the global financial and economic crisis. 131. The General Assembly played an important role in promoting dialogue and raising public awareness through interactive thematic debates on the financial crisis and its impact on development and on energy efficiency and new and renewable energy sources. These debates have helped forge consensus among Member States on policy responses. 132. In order to provide more opportunity for direct exchange between the Secretariat and Member States and enhance transparency and accountability, the Secretary-General continued with the well-established practice of periodically briefing the General Assembly on his most recent activities. 133. In December 2008, the General Assembly decided to hold its comprehensive review of the United Nations system's operational activities for development every four years instead of triennially. This is a welcome development as it will give more time to the United Nations system to focus on implementing recommendations. 09-44389 21 Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization 134. Intra-State conflicts, threats of terrorism, piracy and nuclear proliferation have dominated the Security Council's agenda. In an attempt to address these complex challenges, the Security Council has increasingly taken a multidimensional approach which emphasizes prevention, peacemaking, peacekeeping and peacebuilding as interdependent and complementary components. 135. Over the past year, the Secretariat has worked to facilitate a number of Security Council missions, engaged with Member States to enhance the effectiveness of the Council's subsidiary bodies and expert groups and assisted in orienting newly elected Council members. As part of an initiative to increase transparency and information exchange, the Secretariat has also continued to make progress on technical matters, including the wider and more user-friendly dissemination of information vital to Member State implementation of the Security Council's mandatory sanctions measures, as well as the provision of information on the Security Council's programme and activities to non-Council members. 136. The Organization is following with interest the efforts of the Security Council to collaborate with the General Assembly and the Economic and Social Council and to streamline its working methods. The Organization trusts that the Security Council will consolidate the gains that have been made and keep moving forward. 137. The Secretary-General views reform of the Security Council as part of the ongoing efforts to make this indispensable organ more broadly representative and efficient. He encourages all Member States to maintain the momentum and engage in a fruitful process of negotiation. 138. The Organization appreciates the contribution of the Economic and Social Council to advancing thinking on the global economic crisis and financing for development. The Council's high-level meeting with the Bretton Woods institutions, the World Trade Organization and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development produced important inputs for the United Nations Conference on the World Financial and Economic Crisis and its Impact on Development convened in June 2009. 139. The Economic and Social Council has also provided important support to the global health agenda. In addition to a special event on "Philanthropy and the global health agenda", the Council has encouraged five country-led regional meetings on financing strategies for health care, promoting health literacy, addressing non-communicable diseases, fighting HIV/AIDS and promoting e-health. These contributed to the preparation of the 2009 Annual Ministerial Review on the theme of "Implementing the internationally agreed goals and commitments in regard to global public health". 3. System-wide coherence 140. The 2007 comprehensive policy review, General Assembly resolution 62/277 and ongoing informal consultations with Member States on system-wide coherence continue to guide our efforts to make the United Nations more coherent, efficient and effective at country, regional and global levels. 141. A bottom-up approach owned by national Governments is driving the progress that has been made to date in the "Delivering as one" pilot countries. Pilot countries are exhibiting greater Government ownership of United Nations development assistance at the country level; closer alignment of United Nations initiatives with 22 09-44389 Creating a stronger United Nations national priorities owing to more coherent and simplified common country programming and joint budgetary frameworks; efficiency gains and cost savings thanks to increasingly streamlined and harmonized business practices; better access to the normative, substantive and technical expertise of non-resident agencies; and empowered leadership in the United Nations country team/resident coordinator system. The pilots clearly present an important achievement for United Nations reform and strengthening efforts. 142. The Chief Executives Board, through its three pillars focusing on policy coherence, management and harmonization of business practices and the provision of operational guidance and tools, is providing more coordinated support to countries. The work of the Co-Chairs for system-wide coherence has advanced the intergovernmental dialogue on funding, governance, gender equality and empowerment of women. These efforts, both within the United Nations family and through the intergovernmental process, provide us with the foundations for the Organization to work more effectively in meeting the complex development needs of Member States. 4. Cooperation with regional organizations 143. The unfolding financial and economic crisis has further emphasized the importance of and opportunities for building partnerships with regional organizations and leveraging joint resources. 144. Strengthening the United Nations partnership with the African Union within the framework of the Ten-Year Capacity-Building Programme is a high priority. The recommendations of the Prodi report (S/2008/813, annex) on practical ways to support African Union peacekeeping operations authorized by the United Nations will assist efforts to meet peace and security challenges on the continent. Desk-todesk consultations between the Department of Political Affairs of the Secretariat and the African Union and collaboration with the Southern African Development Community and the Economic Community of West African States on building capacities in mediation and conflict prevention provide excellent opportunities for coordinating and strengthening our joint peacemaking and post-conflict peacebuilding efforts. 145. The past year's desk-to-desk dialogue between the United Nations and the Organization of the Islamic Conference, the League of Arab States and the Organization of American States, respectively, allowed valuable information-sharing and is building the basis for more in-depth collaboration. 146. In Asia, the Organization works closely with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. Coordination and exchange of information with the Commonwealth and the Pacific Islands Forum increased proportionately to our engagement in Fiji during 2008 and early 2009. 147. The Organization has continued to develop cooperative ties with the European Union. This included annual desk-to-desk dialogue and ongoing discussions on capacity-building in mediation and security sector reform. We have continued our cooperation with the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, including through the annual meeting on conflict prevention issues. 09-44389 23 Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization 148. These examples point to a continuous deepening of our cooperation and partnership with regional bodies along a vast spectrum of activities and the Organization looks forward to continued collaboration. B. Global constituencies 149. Expanding our partnerships with civil society, the business community and academia is of utmost importance if the Organization is to be at the cutting edge of innovation in both policy and operations. Over the past year, there have been a number of important initiatives that have served to deepen the Organization's engagement with these important global constituencies. 1. Strengthening partnerships with civil society 150. Collaboration between civil society and the United Nations was evident in the preparations for a discussion of financing for development last December. More than 250 civil society organizations and networks participated in the Follow-up International Conference on Financing for Development to Review the Implementation of the Monterrey Consensus in Doha, Qatar. The Doha Declaration on Financing for Development, adopted by the Conference, emphasizes the role of civil society organizations in the implementation of the conference outcome and reaffirms the need for their continued engagement in the follow-up process. 151. The Organization has been working with traditional and new media to reach millions of viewers and listeners around the world and to inform and engage world public opinion, public organizations and civil society groups to help shape public attitudes and expand support for multilateralism. The campaign "Know Your Rights 2008", developed by the United Nations Regional Information Centre in Brussels, highlighted 425 human rights-related projects from 55 countries in all continents. Over 116 million people participated worldwide in the United Nations campaign to "Stand Up and Take Action against Poverty" in 2008, up from 43 million in 2007. These demonstrations of solidarity are particularly relevant to younger audiences, who can help tip the balance in creating a global movement. 152. This year, the Organization launched a new initiative to engage civil society -- the Academic Impact -- which seeks to strengthen the links between the United Nations and institutions of higher learning across a number of diverse disciplines ranging from technology and medicine to education and the fine arts. 2. Engaging the business community 153. In the past year notable efforts were made at the institutional and operational levels to enhance engagement with the business community, despite an environment of global economic upheaval. For the first time, the United Nations hosted a private sector forum in conjunction with the annual debate of the General Assembly. At the forum, business leaders made important contributions to intergovernmental discussions on the Millennium Development Goals and food sustainability. The decision to hold this forum annually -- with the upcoming meeting focused on climate change -- marks a new phase in collaboration. 24 09-44389 Creating a stronger United Nations 154. At the operational level, there has been a steady evolution in the capacity of the Organization to work with business. The launch of a new United Nationsbusiness website in September will provide a markedly improved platform for proactive engagement. Additionally, the business community has worked to advance key issues through the United Nations Global Compact, which stands as the world's largest corporate citizenship initiative with 6,500 participants in more than 130 countries. 09-44389 25 Chapter V Conclusion 155. It is clear that, over the past two and a half years, the Organization and its Member States have begun to make structural and policy changes that will be crucial in defining the nature of multilateralism in this new century. The role of the United Nations in this new framework is gradually crystallizing. 156. The United Nations is emerging as a key partner in managing the consequences of the economic crisis by identifying, protecting and advocating for the poorest and most vulnerable populations. The Organization is also showing a willingness to take on the hardest issues related to humanitarian assistance and peacekeeping in the hardest places. In order to respond to growing demands from our Member States, the Organization is building its mediation, conflict prevention and peacebuilding support capacities. In the area of human rights and rule of law, it is operationalizing the responsibility to protect and increasing its systemic capacity. 157. In response to the emerging global threats that characterize the new environment, the Organization is adapting itself to ensure that it can deliver on a set of crucial global goods. In two years it has turned climate change into a leaderslevel issue. It helped revive negotiations with the adoption of the Bali Road Map and is taking important steps towards sealing the deal in Copenhagen on an ambitious agreement consistent with the science. The coordinated United Nations response to the influenza A(H1N1) outbreak is testimony to the advances made over the past years in improving response to global health challenges at national and international levels. In the fight against terrorism, the Organization has secured full consensus on a global counter-terrorism strategy and catalysed its implementation. 158. To meet these increasingly demanding and complex Organization has initiated with Member States important steps accountability, efficiency and effectiveness. It will continue improvements it has made to deliver more within constrained mandates entrusted to the Organization. challenges, the to strengthen its to build on the resources on the 159. When generations look back at 2009, they are likely to recall it as a pivotal year, a year which signalled the end of several decades of global optimism and euphoria and the dawn of a new era of sobriety and realism in national and international affairs. A year when confidence in global prosperity and progress in achieving the Millennium Development Goals united with the acknowledgement of a sense of joint purpose. They will recall its multiple crises and complex challenges and the manner in which the global community tackled them. Let us hope that they also characterize this year as a turning point in history, where Governments and peoples around the world made a conscious decision to strengthen our international community and unite to address the world's problems through decisive action. Let us join together to make 2009 the year when we remade the world, restoring global hope and solidarity and renewing the foundation for international security and peace, sustainable development and human rights. 09-44389 26 Annex Millennium Development Goals, targets and indicators, 2009: statistical tables Goal 1 Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Target 1.A Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than one dollar a day Indicator 1.1 Proportion of population living below $1.25 purchasing power parity (PPP) per daya,b (Percentage) 1990 1999 2005 Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Caribbean Latin America Eastern Asia Southern Asia Southern Asia excluding India South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Oceania Commonwealth of Independent States Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe Transition countries in South-Eastern Europe Least developed countries Landlocked developing countries Small island developing States a b 45.5 4.5 57.4 11.3 28.8 10.5 60.1 49.5 44.6 39.2 2.2 -- 2.7 6.3 1.6 0.1 63.3 49.1 32.4 32.9 4.4 58.2 10.9 25.4 10.2 35.6 42.2 35.3 35.3 4.1 -- 7.8 22.3 3.0 1.9 60.4 50.7 27.7 26.6 2.6 50.7 8.2 25.8 7.4 15.9 38.6 30.7 18.9 5.8 -- 5.3 19.2 0.3 0.5 53.4 42.8 27.5 High-income economies, as defined by the World Bank, are excluded. Estimates by the World Bank, April 2009. 09-44389 27 Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization Indicator 1.2 Poverty gap ratioa,b (Percentage) 1990 1999 2005 Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Caribbean Latin America Eastern Asia Southern Asia Southern Asia excluding India South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Oceania Commonwealth of Independent States Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe Transition countries in South-Eastern Europe Least developed countries Landlocked developing countries Small island developing States a 15.6 0.8 26.2 3.9 13.4 3.5 20.7 14.5 14.2 11.1 0.6 -- 0.9 2.1 0.5 0.0 27.5 21.9 14.4 11.6 0.8 25.7 3.8 12.7 3.4 11.1 11.2 9.9 9.6 1.0 -- 2.5 7.5 0.8 0.5 24.7 20.2 12.3 8.0 0.5 20.6 2.8 12.8 2.3 4.0 9.8 8.1 4.2 1.5 -- 1.5 5.4 0.1 0.2 19.9 15.5 11.9 b The poverty gap ratio measures the magnitude of poverty. It is the result of multiplying the proportion of people who live below the poverty line (at $1.25 PPP per day) by the difference between the poverty line and the average income of the population living under the poverty line. High-income economies, as defined by the World Bank, are excluded. Indicator 1.3 Share of poorest quintile in national consumption (Percentage) 2005 a Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Asia Southern Asia South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Commonwealth of Independent States Transition countries in South-Eastern Europe a 6.1 3.6 2.9 4.3 7.4 5.7 6.2 7.0 8.2 High-income economies, as defined by the World Bank, are excluded. 28 09-44389 Annex Target 1.B Achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women and young people Indicator 1.4 Growth rate of gross domestic product (GDP) per person employed (a) Annual growth rate of GDP per person employed (Percentage) 1998 2008 World Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Asia Southern Asia South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Oceania Commonwealth of Independent States Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe Developed regions Transition countries in South-Eastern Europe Least developed countries Landlocked developing countries Small island developing States 1.0 0.7 1.9 -0.7 -0.3 3.4 3.4 -8.6 -0.4 -5.5 -2.7 0.5 -2.7 1.7 0.5 1.0 -1.1 -2.1 2.1 4.5 3.1 2.3 2.9 7.5 4.3 3.2 2.2 3.4 5.7 4.5 6.1 1.6 7.1 3.7 3.4 0.8 (b) GDP per person employed (2005 United States dollars (PPP)) 1998 2008 World Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Asia Southern Asia South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Oceania 17 203 7 597 16 546 4 252 20 063 5 307 4 873 6 835 34 676 5 645 21 449 11 201 18 977 5 258 21 659 11 097 7 427 9 336 43 021 5 434 09-44389 29 Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization 1998 2008 Commonwealth of Independent States Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe Developed regions Transition countries in South-Eastern Europe Least developed countries Landlocked developing countries Small island developing States 12 547 6 354 14 264 60 181 14 267 2 065 3 438 18 320 22 191 11 897 25 563 71 301 24 971 2 910 4 973 23 528 Indicator 1.5 Employment-to-population ratio (a) Total (Percentage) 1991 2000 2008 World Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Asia Eastern Asia excluding China Southern Asia Southern Asia excluding India South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Oceania Commonwealth of Independent States Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe Developed regions Transition countries in South-Eastern Europe Least developed countries Landlocked developing countries Small island developing States 62.5 64.6 42.7 64.4 55.0 74.8 60.1 58.8 58.2 67.8 48.3 67.7 58.0 57.1 58.3 56.5 52.4 70.7 65.9 53.5 61.6 63.3 42.3 64.0 58.5 73.7 59.1 56.5 55.9 66.5 46.2 68.3 53.8 55.6 53.3 56.6 51.7 69.2 65.8 56.1 61.1 62.5 45.1 64.3 61.3 71.3 60.2 55.9 57.5 65.8 44.5 68.3 57.7 58.4 57.5 56.1 47.9 69.1 67.8 57.3 30 09-44389 Annex (b) Men, women and youth, 2008 (Percentage) Men Women Youth World Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Asia Eastern Asia excluding China Southern Asia Southern Asia excluding India South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Oceania Commonwealth of Independent States Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe Developed regions Transition countries in South-Eastern Europe Least developed countries Landlocked developing countries Small island developing States 73.0 75.5 67.9 73.8 74.9 75.5 70.0 77.3 78.4 78.2 66.5 72.8 63.6 64.2 63.4 63.6 54.7 79.6 75.7 69.7 49.3 49.2 22.7 55.2 48.3 67.0 50.8 33.3 35.9 53.6 20.8 63.9 52.7 53.1 52.6 48.9 41.6 58.8 60.2 45.3 44.4 45.1 26.1 48.6 45.2 53.5 32.6 41.1 46.2 45.9 26.9 53.1 34.6 37.4 33.1 42.9 25.3 57.1 54.9 40.7 Indicator 1.6 Proportion of employed people living below $1.25 (PPP) per day 1991 2000 2008 World Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Asia Eastern Asia excluding China Southern Asia Southern Asia excluding India South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Oceania 43.3 56.3 6.8 63.5 12.7 69.5 4.7 62.0 53.9 45.6 8.6 49.1 31.4 39.5 5.7 63.6 12.3 35.8 2.9 52.6 45.5 33.1 9.6 40.3 18.0 22.2 2.3 57.0 6.4 9.3 1.3 34.0 30.8 15.2 9.3 33.5 09-44389 31 Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization 1991 2000 2008 Commonwealth of Independent States Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe Developed regions Transition countries in South-Eastern Europe Least developed countries Landlocked developing countries Small island developing States 4.5 15.8 1.7 0.4 23.0 59.4 56.0 16.7 7.5 25.7 2.2 0.3 16.9 59.8 55.6 18.6 4.8 19.2 0.1 0.2 9.8 50.3 44.7 18.5 Indicator 1.7 Proportion of own-account and contributing family workers in total employment (a) Both sexes (Percentage) 1991 2000 2008 World Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Asia Eastern Asia excluding China Southern Asia Southern Asia excluding India South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Oceania Commonwealth of Independent States Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe Developed regions Transition countries in South-Eastern Europe Least developed countries Landlocked developing countries Small island developing States 55.1 69.0 34.4 81.0 35.4 69.6 36.5 80.1 72.6 69.0 43.5 70.8 6.9 21.4 3.2 12.2 20.1 87.3 69.6 36.9 52.5 63.7 32.2 78.7 32.4 59.8 35.7 79.3 71.0 65.0 33.3 67.9 16.1 39.1 9.4 11.2 30.6 84.8 74.7 36.8 49.3 59.2 31.5 75.2 31.9 52.9 30.8 74.9 67.7 60.6 28.1 75.9 12.5 29.5 6.9 9.9 22.0 81.2 71.0 39.3 32 09-44389 Annex (b) Men (Percentage) 1991 2000 2008 World Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Asia Eastern Asia excluding China Southern Asia Southern Asia excluding India South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Oceania Commonwealth of Independent States Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe Developed regions Transition countries in South-Eastern Europe Least developed countries Landlocked developing countries Small island developing States 52.5 64.4 31.9 76.6 35.4 63.4 33.0 76.3 68.4 64.6 37.5 66.0 7.1 19.8 3.7 12.1 17.5 83.5 66.9 36.4 50.8 60.4 28.9 73.4 33.4 55.1 32.8 76.0 66.9 61.3 29.2 62.7 15.7 37.0 9.4 11.8 29.4 80.5 71.5 37.9 47.9 56.2 27.7 69.5 32.0 48.4 29.2 71.7 63.9 57.7 25.6 69.4 12.8 28.7 7.4 11.2 22.5 77.3 67.2 40.7 (c) Women (Percentage) 1991 2000 2008 World Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Asia Eastern Asia excluding China Southern Asia Southern Asia excluding India South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Oceania 59.1 76.7 43.8 87.0 35.3 77.3 41.8 89.7 83.2 75.2 63.5 76.9 55.0 69.0 43.0 85.8 30.5 65.5 39.8 87.8 81.2 70.1 47.7 74.1 51.3 63.9 42.7 82.6 31.6 58.2 32.9 82.7 76.3 64.8 37.0 83.4 09-44389 33 Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization 1991 2000 2008 Commonwealth of Independent States Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe Developed regions Transition countries in South-Eastern Europe Least developed countries Landlocked developing countries Small island developing States 6.6 23.3 2.6 12.4 23.3 92.6 73.0 37.9 16.5 41.5 9.5 10.5 32.1 90.9 78.7 35.0 12.2 30.4 6.5 8.4 21.4 86.5 75.6 37.2 Target 1.C Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger Indicator 1.8 Prevalence of underweight children under 5 years of age (a) Total (Percentage) 1990 2007 Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Asia Eastern Asia excluding China Southern Asia Southern Asia excluding India South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Oceania 31 11 31 11 17 12 54 67 37 14 -- 26 7 28 6 7 6 48 48 25 14 -- (b) By sex, 2000-2008 (Percentage) Boys Girls Boy-to-girl ratio Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Asia Eastern Asia excluding China 34 -- 28 -- -- 22 34 -- 27 -- -- 21 0.99 -- 1.06 -- -- 1.06 34 09-44389 Annex Boys Girls Boy-to-girl ratio Southern Asia Southern Asia excluding India South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Oceania Commonwealth of Independent States Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe Transition countries of South-Eastern Europe 45 41 25 14 -- 5 7 -- 3 47 42 25 14 -- 5 7 -- 3 0.95 0.98 0.99 1.00 -- 0.97 1.00 -- 1.02 (c) By residence, 2000-2008 (Percentage) Rural Urban Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Asia Eastern Asia excluding China Southern Asia Southern Asia excluding India South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Oceania Commonwealth of Independent States Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia Transition countries of South-Eastern Europe 30 8 30 12 9 6 48 37 26 18 -- -- 8 3 17 5 19 5 2 7 35 44 21 7 -- -- 5 3 Indicator 1.9 Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption 1990-1992 2004-2006 2008 World Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Asia Eastern Asia excluding China 16 20 <5 32 12 15 8 13 16 <5 28 8 10 12 14 17 <5 29 8 10 13 09-44389 35 Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization 1990-1992 2004-2006 2008 Southern Asia Southern Asia excluding India South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Oceania Commonwealth of Independent States Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe Developed regions Transition countries of South-Eastern Europe Least developed countries Landlocked developing countries Small island developing States 24 24 24 6 12 6 15 <5 <5 5 39 34 23 22 22 15 8 13 <5 11 <5 <5 <5 34 27 21 21 22 15 8 15 <5 9 <5 <5 <5 34 28 21 Goal 2 Achieve universal primary education Target 2.A Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling Indicator 2.1 Net enrolment ratio in primary education (a) Totala 1991 2000 2007 World Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Asia Eastern Asia excluding China Southern Asia Southern Asia excluding India South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Oceania 82.0 79.6 82.8 53.5 86.7 98.0 -- 71.9 -- 95.6 80.4 -- 84.7 83.0 91.3 58.5 94.3 99.1 97.3 79.1 66.3 94.3 84.8 -- 89.0 88.1 95.6 73.5 94.9 95.2 97.3 89.8 79.4 94.1 88.2 -- 36 09-44389 Annex 1991 2000 2007 Commonwealth of Independent States Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe Developed regions Least developed countries Landlocked developing countries Small island developing States a 90.0 88.3 90.8 97.9 53.0 53.7 67.3 90.5 93.7 88.0 97.4 58.7 63.1 81.5 93.6 95.1 92.5 96.4 76.0 77.4 76.0 Primary- and secondary-level enrolees per 100 children of primary-education enrolment age. Ratios correspond to school years ending in the years for which data are presented. (b) By sexa 1991 Boys Girls 2000 Boys Girls 2007 Boys Girls World Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Asia Eastern Asia excluding China Southern Asia Southern Asia excluding India South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Oceania Commonwealth of Independent States Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe Developed regions Least developed countries Landlocked developing countries Small island developing States a 87.2 85.7 89.7 57.5 87.5 100.0 -- 85.7 -- 97.8 87.0 -- 90.2 88.6 91.0 97.7 58.6 58.2 63.6 76.7 73.3 75.5 49.5 86.3 97.3 -- 57.0 -- 94.0 73.3 -- 89.8 88.0 90.6 98.1 47.2 49.2 71.1 87.3 82.3 86.2 79.6 94.0 88.4 61.8 55.0 95.1 93.5 98.6 99.7 99.2 95.3 85.7 71.9 71.6 60.7 95.5 93.0 89.1 80.4 -- -- 90.8 90.2 93.7 93.6 88.5 87.5 97.5 97.4 62.3 55.0 67.6 58.6 82.8 80.1 90.3 89.6 97.4 76.1 94.9 94.9 97.9 91.7 81.1 94.7 91.5 -- 93.8 96.0 92.2 96.1 78.0 80.1 77.3 87.7 86.5 93.7 70.9 94.8 95.6 96.7 87.8 77.6 93.4 84.7 -- 93.4 94.2 92.9 96.8 74.0 74.7 74.6 Primary- and secondary-level enrolees per 100 children of primary-education enrolment age. Ratios correspond to school years ending in the years for which data are presented. 09-44389 37 Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization Indicator 2.2 Proportion of pupils starting grade 1 who reach last grade of primary schoola 1999 Total Boys Girls Total 2007 Boys Girls World Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Asia Eastern Asia excluding China Southern Asia Southern Asia excluding India South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Oceania Commonwealth of Independent States Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe Developed regions Least developed countries Landlocked developing countries Small island developing States a 81.7 78.9 86.6 49.9 96.6 97.5 66.9 60.5 89.2 80.4 -- 95.9 95.6 96.1 99.2 44.0 53.1 73.9 84.4 82.2 90.4 54.2 96.1 96.5 73.4 64.3 89.9 86.8 -- 96.3 95.9 96.5 98.6 47.9 58.3 73.9 78.8 75.5 82.6 45.6 97.1 98.6 60.0 56.4 88.4 73.8 -- 95.5 95.2 95.6 99.9 40.1 47.8 74.0 87.3 85.8 95.1 63.1 100.4 100.7 97.9 80.6 69.1 98.1 87.0 -- 96.6 98.6 95.1 98.6 59.1 64.4 74.5 89.2 88.0 97.0 68.5 99.7 101.2 99.9 83.0 71.4 98.4 92.3 -- 96.9 99.5 95.0 97.9 63.0 68.9 74.8 85.3 83.4 93.1 57.7 101.2 100.3 95.9 78.0 66.7 97.8 81.5 -- 96.3 97.7 95.3 99.2 55.0 59.7 74.1 101.8 101.5 102.1 Primary completion rates correspond to school years ending in the years for which data are presented. The primary completion rate is calculated using the gross intake rate at the last grade of primary, which is defined as follows: "Total number of new entrants in the last grade of primary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the theoretical entrance age to the last grade". (Global Education Digest 2004: Comparing Education Statistics Across the World (Montreal, Canada, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2004), annex B, p. 148). 38 09-44389 Annex Indicator 2.3 Literacy rate of 15-24 year-olds, women and men (a) Totala (Percentage who can both read and write) 1985-1994 1995-2004 2005-2007 World Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Asia Eastern Asia excluding China Southern Asia Southern Asia excluding India South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Oceania Commonwealth of Independent States Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe Developed regions Least developed countries Landlocked developing countries Small island developing States a 76.2 68.0 48.6 53.7 86.6 79.1 99.1 47.5 45.6 85.1 75.8 65.3 98.2 97.8 98.3 99.1 46.1 55.7 80.2 82.1 76.8 60.9 59.5 89.7 91.4 99.0 58.9 52.9 90.2 82.2 65.5 99.2 98.4 99.4 99.3 53.4 60.3 82.0 83.9 79.4 67.8 62.2 91.0 93.6 99.0 64.2 59.3 91.4 83.8 65.4 99.3 98.6 99.6 99.3 56.6 62.9 84.0 The regional averages presented in this table are calculated using a weighted average of the latest available observed data point for each country or territory for the reference period. UNESCO Institute for Statistics estimates have been used for countries with missing data. (b) By sexa (Percentage who can both read and write) 1985-1994 Men Women 1995-2004 Men Women 2005-2007 Men Women World Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Asia Eastern Asia excluding China Southern Asia Southern Asia excluding India 82.4 76.6 61.4 63.1 87.7 87.8 99.3 60.1 55.9 70.0 59.1 35.7 45.0 85.6 70.1 98.8 34.0 34.7 87.1 83.4 72.3 68.9 90.5 95.4 99.3 70.3 61.7 77.3 70.1 49.5 50.8 89.0 87.3 98.7 46.7 43.8 88.4 85.4 77.3 71.1 91.7 96.6 99.3 74.4 67.9 79.4 73.4 58.3 53.8 90.3 90.5 98.7 53.3 50.3 09-44389 39 Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization 1985-1994 Men Women 1995-2004 Men Women 2005-2007 Men Women South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Oceania Commonwealth of Independent States Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe Developed regions Least developed countries Landlocked developing countries Small island developing States a 90.1 85.4 70.0 99.4 98.8 99.5 99.4 56.1 62.4 81.9 80.4 65.5 60.4 97.2 96.9 97.3 98.8 36.6 49.3 78.6 93.3 90.0 70.1 99.6 99.0 99.7 99.5 63.0 68.2 83.5 87.3 73.9 60.7 98.9 97.8 99.2 99.1 44.2 53.0 80.6 94.2 91.1 68.9 99.6 99.1 99.7 99.5 65.8 70.9 84.6 88.7 75.9 61.9 99.1 98.1 99.4 99.2 47.8 55.4 83.4 The regional averages presented in this table are calculated using a weighted average of the latest available observed data point for each country or territory for the reference period. UNESCO Institute for Statistics estimates have been used for countries with missing data. Goal 3 Promote gender equality and empower women Target 3.A Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education, preferably by 2005, and in all levels of education no later than 2015 Indicator 3.1 Ratios of girls to boys in primary, secondary and tertiary education (a) Primarya 1991 2000 2007 World Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Asia Eastern Asia excluding China Southern Asia Southern Asia excluding India South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Oceania 0.89 0.87 0.82 0.83 0.99 0.94 1.00 0.77 0.77 0.97 0.82 0.90 0.92 0.91 0.91 0.85 0.97 1.01 0.96 0.84 0.83 0.97 0.88 0.90 0.96 0.94 0.94 0.90 0.97 0.99 0.98 0.95 0.95 0.98 0.91 0.89 40 09-44389 Annex 1991 2000 2007 Commonwealth of Independent States Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe Developed regions Least developed countries Landlocked developing countries Small island developing States a 0.99 0.99 1.00 0.99 0.79 0.82 0.96 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.86 0.83 0.95 0.99 0.98 1.00 1.00 0.92 0.90 0.95 Using gross enrolment ratios. (b) Secondarya 1991 2000 2007 World Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Asia Eastern Asia excluding China Southern Asia Southern Asia excluding India South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Oceania Commonwealth of Independent States Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe Developed regions Least developed countries Landlocked developing countries Small island developing States a 0.83 0.75 0.79 0.76 1.01 0.78 0.99 0.60 0.63 0.90 0.69 0.82 1.03 0.98 1.06 1.01 0.58 0.85 1.05 0.93 0.90 0.95 0.81 1.06 0.97 1.01 0.77 0.91 0.98 0.80 0.91 1.00 0.98 1.02 1.01 0.82 0.87 1.04 0.95 0.94 0.98 0.79 1.07 1.01 0.97 0.85 0.92 1.03 0.84 0.87 0.98 0.97 0.98 1.00 0.81 0.84 1.03 Using gross enrolment ratios. 09-44389 41 Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization (c) Tertiarya 1991 2000 2007 World Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Asia Eastern Asia excluding China Southern Asia Southern Asia excluding India South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Oceania Commonwealth of Independent States Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe Developed regions Least developed countries Landlocked developing countries Small island developing States a -- -- 0.54 -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.83 -- -- 1.16 1.04 1.20 1.07 -- 0.86 -- 0.95 0.77 0.68 0.63 1.13 0.55 0.60 0.67 0.73 0.90 0.82 0.68 1.21 0.91 1.27 1.20 0.53 0.75 1.21 1.08 0.96 1.04 0.67 1.19 0.96 0.68 0.77 0.88 1.11 0.93 0.85 1.29 1.07 1.33 1.29 0.58 0.80 1.55 Using gross enrolment ratios. Indicator 3.2 Share of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural sector (Percentage of employees) 1990 2000 2005 2007 World Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Asia Eastern Asia excluding China Southern Asia Southern Asia excluding India South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Oceania 35.3 31.5 21.0 22.8 36.5 38.0 39.3 13.4 15.0 35.6 17.3 32.8 37.6 33.5 19.8 26.2 40.7 39.6 41.9 17.2 18.5 37.4 19.6 35.1 38.6 34.3 19.5 28.0 42.1 40.9 43.8 18.3 18.7 37.0 20.7 35.6 39.0 34.7 20.4 28.9 42.7 41.3 44.2 18.8 18.3 37.4 21.2 35.8 42 09-44389 Annex 1990 2000 2005 2007 Commonwealth of Independent States Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe Developed regions 49.5 45.4 50.3 43.4 50.2 45.5 51.2 45.4 51.0 46.2 52.1 46.4 51.1 46.2 52.1 46.5 Indicator 3.3 Proportion of seats held by women in national parliamenta (Percentage) 1990 2000 2005 2009 b World Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Caribbean Latin America Eastern Asia Eastern Asia excluding China Southern Asia Southern Asia excluding India South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Oceania Commonwealth of Independent States Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe Developed regions Least developed countries Landlocked developing countries Small island developing States a b 12.8 10.4 2.6 7.2 11.9 22.1 8.6 20.2 17.8 5.7 5.9 10.4 4.6 1.2 -- -- -- 16.3 7.2 14.0 15.2 12.5 10.8 2.1 9.1 14.8 19.9 12.9 19.9 14.6 6.7 5.6 9.7 4.7 3.4 7.3 7.1 7.5 17.5 7.3 7.7 13.1 15.6 13.9 5.4 14.2 19.0 26.0 16.4 19.4 17.2 8.6 8.8 15.5 5.0 3.0 10.2 9.9 10.5 20.9 12.9 13.4 17.8 18.5 17.2 8.3 18.1 22.2 29.4 19.4 20.2 17.2 16.7 18.7 17.3 9.2 2.5 14.1 14.0 14.1 22.9 18.8 21.0 20.9 Single or lower house only. As of 31 January 2009. 09-44389 43 Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization Goal 4 Reduce child mortality Target 4.A Reduce by two thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate Indicator 4.1 Under-five mortality ratea 1990 2000 2007 World Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Asia Eastern Asia excluding China Southern Asia Southern Asia excluding India South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Oceania Commonwealth of Independent States Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe Developed regions Transition countries of South-Eastern Europe a 93 103 83 183 54 45 31 122 134 77 67 85 46 78 26 11 30 80 88 48 164 33 36 28 95 105 46 46 69 40 62 23 7 19 67 74 35 145 24 22 27 77 88 34 34 59 26 42 15 6 13 Deaths of children before reaching age 5 per 1,000 live births. Indicator 4.2 Infant mortality ratea 1990 2000 2007 World Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Asia Eastern Asia excluding China Southern Asia Southern Asia excluding India 64 71 62 107 43 36 24 87 97 55 60 39 98 28 29 22 70 77 47 51 30 88 21 19 21 58 66 44 09-44389 Annex 1990 2000 2007 South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Oceania Commonwealth of Independent States Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe Developed regions Transition countries of South-Eastern Europe a 53 52 62 39 64 22 9 24 35 36 52 34 52 19 6 16 26 28 46 23 36 13 5 11 Deaths of children under age 1 per 1,000 live births. Indicator 4.3 Proportion of 1-year-old children immunized against measlesa (Percentage) 1990 2000 2007 World Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Asia Eastern Asia excluding China Southern Asia Southern Asia excluding India South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Oceania Commonwealth of Independent States Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe Developed regions Transition countries of South-Eastern Europe a 72 71 84 56 76 98 95 57 60 70 79 70 85 -- 85 84 91 72 70 93 55 92 85 88 58 68 80 87 68 97 96 97 91 93 82 80 96 73 93 94 95 72 84 84 87 62 98 97 99 93 96 Children aged 12-23 months who received at least one dose of measles vaccine. 09-44389 45 Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization Goal 5 Improve maternal health Target 5.A Reduce by three quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio Indicator 5.1 Maternal mortality ratioa,b 1990 2005 World Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Asia Eastern Asia excluding China Southern Asia Southern Asia excluding India South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Oceania Commonwealth of Independent States Developed regions Least developed countries a b 430 480 250 920 180 95 -- 620 -- 450 190 550 58 11 900 400 450 160 900 130 50 170 490 570 300 160 430 51 9 870 Maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. No new global or regional data are available. Data presented are from 2008 report (A/63/1). Indicator 5.2 Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel (Percentage) Around 1990 Around 2007 World Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbeana Eastern Asia Southern Asia Southern Asia excluding India 58 53 45 42 70 94 29 15 64 61 79 44 87 98 42 30 46 09-44389 Annex Around 1990 Around 2007 South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Oceania Commonwealth of Independent States Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe Developed regions Transition countries of South-Eastern Europe a 46 62 -- 98 96 99 99 99 68 77 -- 99 99 99 99 98 For deliveries in health-care institutions only. Target 5.B Achieve, by 2015, universal access to reproductive health Indicator 5.3 Contraceptive prevalence ratea (Percentage) 1990 2005 World Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Asia Southern Asia South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Oceania Commonwealth of Independent States Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe Developed regions Transition countries of South-Eastern Europe Least developed countries Landlocked developing countries Small island developing States a b c 52.8 50.2 44.0 12.0 62.0 77.5 38.5 47.9 43.3 -- 61.2c 54.5c 63.4 66.5 56.0 16.1 22.6 46.8 63.1 62.3 60.5 21.5 71.8 86.4 54.0 60.7 54.1 28.8b 66.6 55.5 71.2 67.5 57.4 30.2 33.9 55.2 Among women aged 15-49 who are married or in union. Data from 2000. Data from 1995. 09-44389 47 Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization Indicator 5.4 Adolescent birth ratea 1990 2006 World Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Asia Eastern Asia excluding China Southern Asia South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Oceania Commonwealth of Independent States Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe Developed regions Transition countries of South-Eastern Europe Least developed countries Landlocked developing countries Small island developing States a 61.0 66.5 42.9 130.6 77.4 21.3 5.8 90.1 50.4 63.6 82.3 52.1 44.8 55.2 34.7 48.2 129.3 104.5 80.4 48.7 53.0 28.1 123.1 71.8 4.5 3.1 52.0 44.4 51.1 61.2 28.4 28.6 28.3 22.5 29.5 120.5 105.2 65.7 Births per 1,000 women aged 15-19 years. Indicator 5.5 Antenatal care coverage (at least one visit and at least four visits) (a) At least one visita (Percentage) Around 1990 Around 2006 World Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Asia Southern Asia Southern Asia excluding India South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Oceania Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia a 64 64 48 68 79 80 48 22 73 54 -- 90 79 79 77 75 95 90 70 57 92 77 -- 96 Proportion of women aged 15-49 years who received antenatal care during pregnancy from skilled health personnel, at least once. 48 09-44389 Annex (b) At least four visitsa (Percentage) 2003- 2008 b World Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Asia Southern Asia Southern Asia excluding India South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Oceania a 47 47 56 42 83 -- 36 34 74 -- -- b Proportion of women aged 15-49 years who received antenatal care during pregnancy from skilled health personnel, at least four times. Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified. Indicator 5.6 Unmet need for family planninga (Percentage) Around 1995 Around 2005 Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Asia Southern Asia South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia Transition countries in South-Eastern Europe Least developed countries Landlocked developing countries a b 13.7 16.3 25.2 12.5 3.5 19.1 12.8 16.4 -- 14.7 25.9 25.1 11.1 10.4 24.2 10.5 2.3 14.7 10.3 12.3 13.5b 15.0 24.5 24.8 Among married women of reproductive age (aged 15-49 years). Latest available data pertain, approximately, to 2000. 09-44389 49 Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization Goal 6 Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases Target 6.A Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS Indicator 6.1 HIV prevalence among population aged 15-24 yearsa (Percentage) 1990 Estimated adult (15-49) HIV prevalence Adults (15+) living with HIV who are women 2002 Estimated adult Adults (15+) (15-49) living with HIV HIV who prevalence are women 2007 Estimated adult (15-49) HIV prevalence Adults (15+) living with HIV who are women Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Asia Eastern Asia excluding China Southern Asia Southern Asia excluding India South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Oceania Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe Developed regions a b 0.3 <0.1 2.1 0.2 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.2 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.2 51 20 54 27 19 b 35 14 15 41 27 10 b 14 1.0 <0.1 5.4 0.5 0.1 <0.1 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4 <0.1 0.7 0.3 57 27 59 35 26 23 38 24 32 46 36 21 27 21 0.9 0.1 4.9 0.6 0.1 <0.1 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.1 1.3 0.1 1.2 0.3 58 29 59 35 28 27 38 27 34 47 39 25 31 23 No new global or regional data available. Data presented are from 2008 report (A/63/1). Data not available: epidemics in this region are recent and no data are available for earlier years. 50 09-44389 Annex Indicator 6.2 Condom use at last high-risk sex,a 2000-2008b Women Number of countries covered by surveys Percentage who used a condom at last high-risk sex Men Percentage Number of who used a countries covered by condom at last high-risk sex surveys Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Southern Asia Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia a 36 10 1 -- 30 49 22 -- 29 -- 2 3 45 -- 38 49 b Proportion of young women and men aged 15-24 years reporting the use of a condom during sexual intercourse with a non-regular sexual partner in the last 12 months, among those who had such a partner in the last 12 months. Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified. Indicator 6.3 Proportion of population aged 15-24 years with comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS,a 2000-2008b (Percentage) Women Number of countries covered by surveys Percentage who have comprehensive knowledge Men Number of Percentage countries who have covered by comprehensive surveys knowledge World Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Southern Asia Southern Asia excluding India South-Eastern Asia Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia Transition countries of South-Eastern Europe a 85 67 3 38 4 11 5 11 8 7 19 19 8 24 18 3 18 28 20 18 48 41 -- 30 2 -- 4 -- 3 2 31c 31c -- 30 36 -- 17 -- 7 5 b c Proportion of young women and men aged 15-24 who correctly identify the two major ways of preventing the sexual transmission of HIV (using condoms and limiting sex to one faithful, uninfected partner), who reject two common local misconceptions and who know that a healthy-looking person can transmit the AIDS virus. Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified. Excludes China. 09-44389 51 Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization Indicator 6.4 Ratio of school attendance of orphans to school attendance of non-orphans aged 10-14 years,a 2000-2008b Number of countries with data School attendance ratio Developing regions Sub-Saharan Africa Southern Asia South-Eastern Asia a 46 34 2 3 0.76 0.77 0.73 0.84 b Ratio of the current school attendance rate of children aged 10-14 years both of whose biological parents have died, to the current school attendance rate of children aged 10-14 years both of whose parents are still alive and who currently live with at least one biological parent. Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified. Target 6.B Achieve, by 2010, universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDS for all those who need it Indicator 6.5 Proportion of population with advanced HIV infection with access to antiretroviral drugsa,b (Percentage) 2006 2007 Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Asia Eastern Asia excluding China Southern Asia South-Eastern Asia Oceania Commonwealth of Independent States Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe Developed regions Least developed countries Landlocked developing countries Small island developing States a b 22 24 21 57 18 <1 10 32 25 9 21 9 -- 20 23 30 31 32 30 62 18 <1 16 44 38 14 22 14 -- 31 32 44 Receiving antiretroviral therapy. No new global or regional data available. Data presented are from 2008 report (A/63/1). 52 09-44389 Annex Target 6.C Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases Indicator 6.6 Incidence and death rates associated with malaria (a) Incidencea World Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Caribbean Latin America Eastern Asia Eastern Asia excluding China Southern Asia Southern Asia excluding India South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Oceania Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia Least developed countries Landlocked developing countries Small island developing States a 47 0 278 5 9 5 <0.5 1 10 11 14 2 238 <0.5 175 168 102 Number of new cases per 1,000 population, 2006, in malaria epidemic countries. (b) Deathsa All ages Children under five World Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Caribbean Latin America Eastern Asia Eastern Asia excluding China Southern Asia Southern Asia excluding India South-Eastern Asia Western Asia 17 0 107 <0.5 4 <0.5 <0.5 0 1 2 3 1 139 0 574 1 10 1 <0.5 0 5 9 7 2 09-44389 53 Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization All ages Children under five Oceania Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia Least developed countries Landlocked developing countries Small island developing States a 43 <0.5 68 65 26 126 <0.5 374 357 113 Number of deaths per 100,000 population, 2006, in malaria epidemic countries. Indicator 6.7 Proportion of children under 5 sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets a (Percentage) Sub-Saharan Africa (28 countries) a b 20b 2006-2008. Data for a subset or 22 countries in sub-Saharan Africa with trend data showed that the use of insecticide-treated bednets among children increased from 2 per cent in 2000 to 20 per cent in 2006. Indicator 6.8 Proportion of children under 5 with fever who are treated with appropriate antimalarial drugsa (Percentage) Sub-Saharan Africa (30 countries) Southern Asia (4 countries) a 36 7 2006-2008. Indicator 6.9 Incidence, prevalence and death rates associated with tuberculosis (a) Incidence (Number of new cases per 100,000 population, excluding HIV-infected) , 1990 2000 2007 World Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Caribbean Latin America Eastern Asia Southern Asia South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Oceania 122 149 60 150 84 90 83 122 172 277 55 202 119 140 48 204 55 76 54 107 161 228 42 188 118 139 42 234 44 74 41 100 160 202 38 158 54 09-44389 Annex , 1990 2000 2007 Commonwealth of Independent States Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe Developed regions Transition countries of South-Eastern Europe 48 60 44 25 60 101 104 100 19 83 96 114 89 14 69 (b) Prevalence (Number of existing cases per 100,000 population, excluding HIV-infected) 1990 2000 2007 World Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Caribbean Latin America Eastern Asia Southern Asia South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Oceania Commonwealth of Independent States Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe Developed regions Transition countries of South-Eastern Europe 294 370 65 333 128 151 127 331 543 459 93 395 76 99 69 29 100 250 303 50 389 77 116 74 270 415 333 61 360 146 137 150 22 120 195 234 43 421 56 101 53 195 268 265 51 302 112 138 102 14 78 (c) Deaths (Number of deaths per 100,000 population, excluding HIV-infected) 1990 2000 2007 World Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Caribbean Latin America Eastern Asia Southern Asia 27 34 6 38 11 20 11 26 44 24 29 4 44 7 16 7 21 39 20 23 3 48 6 14 5 15 27 09-44389 55 Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization 1990 2000 2007 South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Oceania Commonwealth of Independent States Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe Developed regions Transition countries of South-Eastern Europe 66 8 52 7 9 7 3 8 45 6 41 16 14 17 2 11 30 6 33 14 17 13 2 10 Indicator 6.10 Proportion of tuberculosis cases detected and cured under directly observed treatment short course (a) New cases detected under directly observed treatment short course (DOTS) (DOTS smear-positive case detection rate: percentage) 2000 2007 World Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Asia Southern Asia South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Oceania Commonwealth of Independent States Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe Developed regions Transition countries of South-Eastern Europe 28 29 89 36 41 29 14 39 36 12 12 36 4 22 13 63 63 90 46 72 77 67 75 54 20 51 53 50 56 83 (b) Patients successfully treated under directly observed treatment short course (Percentage) 2000 2006 World Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean 82 82 88 72 81 85 85 88 76 76 56 09-44389 Annex 2000 2006 Eastern Asia Southern Asia South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Oceania Commonwealth of Independent States Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe Developed regions Transition countries of South-Eastern Europe 94 83 86 80 76 76 78 68 76 85 94 87 89 85 77 64 76 59 70 84 Goal 7 Ensure environmental sustainability Target 7.A Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programmes and reverse the loss of environmental resources Indicator 7.1 Proportion of land area covered by forest (Percentage) 1990 2000 2005 World Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Caribbean Latin America Eastern Asia Eastern Asia excluding China Southern Asia Southern Asia excluding India South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Oceania Commonwealth of Independent States Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe 31.3 1.3 29.2 49.9 23.4 50.3 16.5 14.6 14.0 7.5 56.3 3.3 68.3 38.6 3.9 46.6 30.6 1.5 27.3 47.2 24.9 47.5 18.1 13.3 14.3 7.0 49.9 3.4 65.0 38.7 3.9 46.7 30.3 1.5 26.5 46.0 26.1 46.3 19.8 12.7 14.2 6.8 46.8 3.5 63.4 38.6 3.9 46.7 09-44389 57 Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization 1990 2000 2005 Developed regions Transition countries of South-Eastern Europe Least developed countries Landlocked developing countries Small island developing States 30.4 29.6 30.3 19.1 64.4 30.7 29.8 28.4 17.8 36.1 30.8 30.4 27.4 17.2 62.5 Indicator 7.2 Carbon dioxide emissions, total, per capita and per $1 GDP (PPP) (a) Totala (Millions of metric tons) 1990 2000 2005 2006 World Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Caribbean Latin America Eastern Asia Eastern Asia excluding China Southern Asia Southern Asia excluding India South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Oceania Commonwealth of Independent States Commonwealth of Independent States, Asiab Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe Developed regions Least developed countries Landlocked developing countries Small island developing States Annex I countriesc,d b 21 899 6 803 232 465 1 078 84 994 2 940 525 1 009 319 427 646 6 3 796 499 2 806 11 173 62 51 139 11 602 24 055 9 731 362 555 1 325 97 1 228 3 980 574 1 675 489 778 1 049 7 2 144 330 1 814 11 961 111 403 161 12 561 28 013 13 107 437 652 1 449 103 1 346 6 235 610 2 051 627 1 045 1 227 11 2 303 387 1 915 12 337 152 462 180 12 979 28 704 13 817 424 644 1 513 114 1 399 6 714 611 2 179 668 1 046 1 286 11 2 371 410 1 960 12 244 156 487 188 12 881 58 09-44389 Annex (b) Per capita (Metric tons) 1990 2000 2005 2006 World Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Caribbean Latin America Eastern Asia Eastern Asia excluding China Southern Asia Southern Asia excluding India South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Oceania Commonwealth of Independent States Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia Developed regions Least developed countries Landlocked developing countries Small island developing States Annex I countries c,d b 4.1 1.7 2.0 0.9 2.4 2.7 2.4 2.4 7.4 0.8 1.0 1.0 4.7 1.0 13.5 7.3 13.0 12.0 0.1 0.2 3.1 11.9 3.9 2.0 2.6 0.8 2.6 2.8 2.5 2.9 7.2 1.1 1.2 1.5 5.9 0.9 7.6 4.6 8.6 12.2 0.2 1.2 3.1 12.2 4.3 2.5 2.9 0.8 2.6 2.8 2.6 4.5 7.5 1.3 1.4 1.9 6.3 1.3 8.3 5.2 9.4 12.2 0.2 1.2 3.2 12.2 4.4 2.6 2.7 0.8 2.7 3.1 2.7 4.8 7.5 1.4 1.4 1.9 6.4 1.2 8.5 5.5 9.6 12.1 0.2 1.3 3.3 12.0 Commonwealth of Independent States, Europeb (c) Per $1 GDP (PPP) (Kilograms) 1990 2000 2005 2006 World Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Caribbean Latin America Eastern Asia Eastern Asia excluding China Southern Asia Southern Asia excluding India 0.54 0.64 0.43 0.56 0.34 0.57 0.34 1.46 0.46 0.60 0.49 0.50 0.58 0.54 0.53 0.31 0.64 0.30 0.89 0.48 0.62 0.51 0.49 0.60 0.54 0.49 0.30 0.58 0.29 0.93 0.41 0.55 0.49 0.48 0.59 0.49 0.46 0.29 0.59 0.29 0.91 0.38 0.54 0.50 09-44389 59 Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization 1990 2000 2005 2006 South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Oceania Commonwealth of Independent Statesb Commonwealth of Independent States, Asiab Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe Developed regions Least developed countries Landlocked developing countries Small island developing States Annex I countries a c,d b 0.42 0.51 0.30 1.54 2.38 1.45 0.49 0.15 0.20 0.57 0.51 0.46 0.59 0.26 1.26 1.71 1.20 0.41 0.19 0.87 0.44 0.43 0.48 0.55 0.39 0.98 1.33 0.93 0.39 0.19 0.74 0.42 0.40 0.46 0.53 0.38 0.93 1.21 0.89 0.37 0.18 0.67 0.40 0.38 b c d Total CO2 emissions from fossil fuels include emissions from solid fuel consumption, liquid fuel consumption, gas fuel consumption, cement production and gas flaring (United States Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center). The 1990 column shows 1992 data. Based on the annual national emission inventories of annex I countries (with the exception of Belarus, the Russian Federation and Ukraine, which are included in the Commonwealth of Independent States) that report to the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change; non-annex I countries do not have annual reporting obligations. Excluding emissions/removals from land use, land-use change and forestry. Indicator 7.3 Consumption of ozone-depleting substances (Tons of ozone depletion potential) 1990 a 2000 2006 Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Caribbean Latin America Eastern Asia Eastern Asia excluding China Southern Asia Southern Asia excluding India South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Oceania Commonwealth of Independent States Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe 247 536 6 203 23 449 76 048 2 177 73 871 103 217 12 904 3 338 3 338 21 108 11 470 47 139 454 2 738 136 716 212 493 8 129 9 561 31 087 1 669 29 418 105 762 14 885 28 161 9 466 16 809 11 882 129 27 585 928 26 657 55 419 1 972 1 295 7 386 272 7 114 29 870 4 680 4 408 1 437 3 299 6 975 33 1 672 175 1 497 60 09-44389 Annex 1990 a 2000 2006 Developed regions Transition countries of South-Eastern Europe Least developed countries Landlocked developing countries Small island developing States a 826 801 6 239 1 461 3 354 7 162 24 060 966 4 764 2 386 2 125 4 793 103 1 178 468 483 For years prior to the entry into force of the reporting requirement for a group of substances, missing country consumption values have been estimated at the base year level. This applies to substances in annexes B, C and E, whose years of entry into force are 1992, 1992 and 1994, respectively. Indicator 7.4 Proportion of fish stocks within safe biological limits (Percentage) 1990 2000 2006 Total Fully exploited Under- and moderately exploited 81 50 31 72 47 25 72 52 20 Indicator 7.5 Proportion of total water resources used,a around 2000 (Percentage) Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Asia Eastern Asia excluding China Southern Asia Southern Asia excluding India South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Oceania Commonwealth of Independent States Developed regions Transition countries of South-Eastern Europe Least developed countries Landlocked developing countries Small island developing States a 6.7 77.5 2.2 1.4 21.4 15.4 26.6 19.5 4.5 47.5 0.0 5.4 9.3 12.9 3.5 8.2 1.3 Surface water and groundwater withdrawal as a proportion of total actual renewable water resources. 09-44389 61 Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization Target 7.B Reduce biodiversity loss, achieving, by 2010, a significant reduction in the rate of loss Indicator 7.6 Proportion of terrestrial and marine areas protected (a) Terrestrial and marinea (Percentage) Excluding undated protected areas 1990 2000 2008 Including undated protected areas (total) Worldb Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Asia Eastern Asia excluding China Southern Asia Southern Asia excluding India South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Oceania Commonwealth of Independent States Developed regions Least developed countries Landlocked developing countries Small island developing States a b 5.4 6.1 2.1 8.4 7.3 7.0 3.9 4.4 4.6 2.6 3.7 0.4 1.7 7.9 8.7 8.0 3.1 8.0 9.5 3.1 8.9 14.4 9.9 11.9 5.0 5.5 5.3 17.8 1.0 2.8 10.4 9.4 9.4 13.9 9.8 11.2 3.4 9.4 18.8 10.9 11.9 5.3 6.1 6.0 17.8 7.0 2.8 14.0 10.7 10.5 14.1 12.1 13.0 3.7 11.5 21.0 14.0 11.9 5.6 6.5 7.5 17.9 7.2 7.6 16.9 12.0 11.4 14.7 Ratio of protected area (terrestrial and marine combined) to total territorial area. Including territories that are not considered in the calculations of regional aggregates. (b) Terrestriala (Percentage) Excluding undated protected areas 1990 2000 2008 Including undated protected areas (total) Worldb Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Asia Eastern Asia excluding China 5.9 7.1 2.1 9.1 8.2 7.4 4.0 8.4 11.0 3.1 9.5 15.5 10.5 12.6 9.4 12.6 3.4 10.0 20.2 11.5 12.6 12.0 14.6 3.7 12.3 22.7 14.7 12.6 62 09-44389 Annex Excluding undated protected areas 1990 2000 2008 Including undated protected areas (total) Southern Asia Southern Asia excluding India South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Oceania Commonwealth of Independent States Developed regions Least developed countries Landlocked developing countries Small island developing States a b 4.6 4.9 5.4 4.0 1.8 1.7 8.2 9.6 8.0 5.4 5.3 5.9 11.0 19.1 2.9 2.6 9.7 10.4 10.5 26.5 5.6 6.5 11.8 19.1 2.9 2.6 10.2 10.9 10.6 26.7 5.9 6.9 15.0 19.2 3.3 7.7 13.5 12.3 11.4 27.4 Ratio of terrestrial protected area to total surface area. Including territories that are not considered in the calculations of regional aggregates. (c) Marinea (Percentage) Excluding undated protected areas 1990 2000 2008 Including undated protected areas (total) Worldb Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Asia Eastern Asia excluding China Southern Asia Southern Asia excluding India South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Oceania Commonwealth of Independent States Developed regions Least developed countries Landlocked developing countries Small island developing States a b c c 2.4 0.6 0.3 0.5 1.5 0.4 2.0 1.2 1.0 0.3 0.6 0.1 2.3 6.6 0.4 0.0 0.9 5.6 2.2 2.6 1.5 7.3 0.6 2.0 1.3 1.2 0.7 1.7 0.5 5.6 13.9 1.0 0.0 1.7 12.3 3.1 3.4 1.8 10.0 0.6 2.0 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.7 8.0 5.6 33.1 9.0 0.0 1.9 12.8 3.4 4.9 1.9 10.5 0.6 2.0 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.8 8.1 5.9 34.2 9.0 0.0 2.3 Ratio of marine protected area to total territorial waters. Includes territories that are not considered in the calculations of regional aggregates. Some landlocked developing countries have territorial water claims within inland seas. 09-44389 63 Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization Indicator 7.7 Proportion of species threatened with extinctiona (Percentage of species not expected to become extinct in the near future) Birds 1994 2008 Mammals 1996 2008 World Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Caribbean Latin America Eastern Asia Southern Asia South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Oceania Commonwealth of Independent States Developed regions a 92.20 92.55 97.60 93.75 93.10 96.01 93.49 96.19 95.99 93.40 97.60 91.86 96.44 93.51 91.85 92.19 97.12 93.60 92.95 95.93 93.35 95.78 95.52 92.66 96.99 91.41 95.71 93.09 86.03 85.87 90.18 86.76 87.09 89.81 87.59 91.42 86.92 84.27 92.95 85.16 92.28 91.04 85.33 85.13 89.82 86.59 86.56 89.94 87.04 90.67 86.21 82.59 92.50 84.39 91.68 90.79 International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List Index values for non-data deficient species. Target 7.C Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation Indicator 7.8 Proportion of population using an improved drinking water sourcea (Percentage) 1990 Total Urban Rural Total 2006 Urban Rural World Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Asia Eastern Asia excluding China Southern Asia Southern Asia excluding India South-Eastern Asia 77 71 88 49 84 68 -- 74 82 73 95 93 95 82 94 97 98 91 95 92 63 59 82 35 61 55 -- 68 77 64 87 84 92 58 92 88 -- 87 83 86 96 94 96 81 97 98 98 95 91 92 78 76 87 46 73 81 -- 84 78 81 64 09-44389 Annex 1990 Total Urban Rural Total 2006 Urban Rural Western Asia Oceania Commonwealth of Independent States Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe Developed regions a 86 51 93 87 95 98 95 92 97 95 98 100 70 39 84 80 87 95 90 50 94 88 97 99 95 91 99 98 99 100 80 37 86 79 91 97 No new global or regional data available. Data presented are from 2008 report (A/63/1). Indicator 7.9 Proportion of population using an improved sanitation facilitya (Percentage) 1990 Total Urban Rural Total 2006 Urban Rural World Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Asia Southern Asia Southern Asia excluding India South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Oceania Commonwealth of Independent States Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe Developed regions a 54 41 62 26 68 48 21 39 50 79 52 90 95 89 99 78 66 82 40 81 61 53 74 74 93 80 95 97 94 100 36 28 44 20 35 43 10 25 40 56 44 81 93 77 96 62 53 76 31 79 65 33 48 67 84 52 89 93 88 99 79 71 90 42 86 74 57 70 78 94 80 94 95 94 100 45 39 59 24 52 59 23 37 58 64 43 81 92 75 96 No new global or regional data available. Data presented are from 2008 report (A/63/1). 09-44389 65 Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization Target 7.D By 2020, to have achieved a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum-dwellers Indicator 7.10 Proportion of urban population living in slumsa (Percentage) 1990 2000 2005 Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Asia Southern Asia South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Oceania a 46.3 36.2 71.5 33.7 43.7 57.2 49.5 22.5 -- 39.4 20.3 65.8 29.2 37.4 45.8 39.6 20.6 -- 35.7 14.5 62.2 27.0 36.5 42.9 34.2 25.8 24.1 Represented by the urban population living in households with at least one of the four characteristics: lack of access to improved drinking water, lack of access to improved sanitation, overcrowding (three or more persons per room) and dwellings made of non-durable material. Half of pit latrines are considered improved sanitation. These new figures are not comparable to previously published estimates where all households using pit latrine were considered slum households. Goal 8 Develop a global partnership for development Target 8.A Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable, non-discriminatory trading and financial system Includes a commitment to good governance, development and poverty reduction -- both nationally and internationally Target 8.B Address the special needs of the least developed countries Includes: tariff- and quota-free access for the least developed countries' exports; enhanced programme of debt relief for heavily indebted poor countries (HIPC) and cancellation of official bilateral debt; and more generous official development assistance (ODA) for countries committed to poverty reduction 66 09-44389 Annex Target 8.C Address the special needs of landlocked developing countries and small island developing States (through the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States and the outcome of the twenty-second special session of the General Assembly) Target 8.D Deal comprehensively with the debt problems of developing countries through national and international measures in order to make debt sustainable in the long term Official development assistance (ODA) Indicator 8.1 Net ODA, total and to the least developed countries, as a percentage of Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development/Development Assistance Committee donors' gross national income (a) Annual total assistancea (Billions of United States dollars) 1990 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 b All developing countries Least developed countries a 52.7 15.1 58.3 15.8 69.1 22.4 79.4 23.4 107.1 24.6 104.4 30.0 103.5 32.0 119.8 -- b Including non-ODA debt forgiveness but excluding forgiveness of debt for military purposes. Preliminary data. (b) Share of OECD/DAC donors' gross national income (Percentage) 1990 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 a All developing countries Least developed countries a 0.33 0.09 0.23 0.06 0.25 0.08 0.26 0.08 0.33 0.08 0.31 0.09 0.28 0.09 0.30 -- Preliminary data. Indicator 8.2 Proportion of total bilateral, sector-allocable ODA of OECD/DAC donors to basic social services (basic education, primary health care, nutrition, safe water and sanitation) 1998 2000 2002 2004 2007 Percentage Billions of United States dollars 10.7 3.0 14.1 4.3 18.0 5.6 15.9 7.7 19.2 12.3 09-44389 67 Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization Indicator 8.3 Proportion of bilateral official development assistance of OECD/DAC donors that is untieda 1990 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Percentage Billions of United States dollars a 67.6 16.3 91.8 30.1 91.3 30.8 92.3 48.9 89.0 62.2 84.6 60.2 Based on only about 40 per cent of total ODA commitments from OECD/DAC countries, as it excludes technical cooperation and administrative costs, as well as all ODA from Austria, Luxembourg, New Zealand and the United States of America, which do not report the tying status of their ODA. Indicator 8.4 ODA received in landlocked developing countries as a proportion of their gross national incomes 1990 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Percentage Billions of United States dollars 6.3 7.0 8.1 12.0 7.8 13.9 7.1 14.7 6.3 16.5 5.6 18.7 Indicator 8.5 ODA received in small island developing States as a proportion of their gross national incomes 1990 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Percentage Billions of United States dollars 2.7 2.1 2.7 1.8 2.8 2.1 2.7 2.5 2.7 2.6 3.0 3.2 Market access Indicator 8.6 Proportion of total developed country imports (by value and excluding arms) from developing countries and least developed countries, admitted free of duty (Percentage) 1996 1998 2000 2003 2007 a (a) Excluding arms Developing countriesa Least developed countries (b) Excluding arms and oil Developing countriesa Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Latin America 54 20 88 58 74 54 18 89 58 77 65 26 83 58 82 71 63 90 92 90 79 95 93 95 93 53 68 54 81 63 75 71 81 83 89 68 09-44389 Annex 1996 1998 2000 2003 2007 a Eastern Asia Southern Asia South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Oceania Commonwealth of Independent States Least developed countries a 35 41 60 45 82 59 78 35 42 58 46 84 59 78 52 46 76 56 79 59 70 60 54 75 57 81 84 78 68 64 79 94 89 89 80 Includes Commonwealth of Independent States countries. Indicator 8.7 Average tariffs imposed by developed countries on agricultural products and textiles and clothing from developing countries (Percentage) 1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 (a) Agricultural goods Developing countries Least developed countries (b) Textiles Developing countries Least developed countries (c) Clothing Developing countries Least developed countries 11.4 8.1 10.8 7.8 9.6 7.0 8.3 6.4 8.2 6.4 7.3 4.6 6.5 4.1 5.8 3.5 5.3 3.2 5.0 3.1 10.4 3.9 9.2 3.7 9.4 2.8 8.8 3.1 8.4 2.1 Indicator 8.8 Agricultural support estimate for OECD countries as a percentage of their gross domestic product 1990 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 a Percentage Billions of United States dollars a 2.03 322 1.17 351 1.13 381 1.05 376 0.97 363 0.89 365 Preliminary data. 09-44389 69 Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization Indicator 8.9 Proportion of ODA provided to help build trade capacitya 2001 2003 2005 2007 Trade policy and regulations and trade-related adjustmentb Economic infrastructure Building productive capacity a b 1.0 21.5 16.0 0.8 14.8 13.4 0.8 17.2 12.8 0.8 13.1 13.3 Aid-for-trade proxies as a percentage of bilateral sector-allocable ODA. Reporting of trade-related adjustment data commenced in 2007. Only Canada and the European Community reported. Debt sustainability Indicator 8.10 Total number of countries that have reached their HIPC decision points and number that have reached their HIPC completion points (cumulative) 2000 a 2009 b Reached completion point Reached decision point but not completion point Yet to be considered for decision point Total eligible countries a 1 21 13 35 24 11 6 41 b As of December 2000; including only countries that are heavily indebted poor countries (HIPC) in 2009. As of March 2009. Indicator 8.11 Debt relief committed under HIPC and Multilateral Debt Relief initiativesa (Billions of United States dollars, cumulative) 2000 2009 To countries that reached decision or completion point a 30 77 Expressed in end-2007 net present value terms; commitment status as of March 2009. Indicator 8.12 Debt service as a percentage of exports of goods and servicesa,b 1990 1995 2000 2007 Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Caribbean Latin America Eastern Asia 19.7 39.9 17.6 20.6 16.8 20.7 10.6 14.4 22.7 10.4 18.7 10.8 19.0 9.0 12.6 15.4 9.4 21.8 8.0 22.2 5.1 4.1 7.2 4.2 8.0 11.9 7.9 0.6 70 09-44389 Annex 1990 1995 2000 2007 Southern Asia Southern Asia excluding India South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Oceania Commonwealth of Independent States Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe Transition countries of South-Eastern Europe Least developed countries Landlocked developing countries Small island developing States a b 17.7 9.3 16.7 27.8 14.0 0.6 0.6 c 26.9 22.3 7.9 22.3 7.8 6.1 3.8 6.2 11.7 13.4 7.3 9.5 13.7 11.5 6.5 17.6 5.9 8.1 8.4 8.1 11.8 11.6 8.6 8.7 7.4 7.4 3.3 11.8 4.1 2.2 1.4 2.3 4.2 6.8 2.0 11.2 0.6c c 9.7 16.8 14.9 13.7 c Debt service as a proportion of exports of goods and services and net income from abroad. Including countries reporting to the World Bank Debtor Reporting System. Aggregates are based on available data and, for some years, might exclude countries that do not have data on exports of goods and services and net income from abroad. Data for 1993. Target 8.E In cooperation with pharmaceutical companies, provide access to affordable, essential drugs in developing countries Indicator 8.13 Proportion of population with access to affordable essential drugs on a sustainable basis (no global or regional data are available) Target 8.F In cooperation with the private sector, make available the benefits of new technologies, especially information and communications Indicator 8.14 Number of fixed telephone lines per 100 population 1990 2000 2007 World Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Caribbean Latin America 9.8 2.3 2.8 1.0 6.3 7.1 6.2 16.0 8.0 7.2 1.4 14.6 11.6 14.9 19.0 13.3 12.1 1.5 17.9 10.9 18.4 09-44389 71 Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization 1990 2000 2007 Eastern Asia Eastern Asia excluding China Southern Asia Southern Asia excluding India South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Oceania Commonwealth of Independent States Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe Developed regions Transition countries of South-Eastern Europe Least developed countries Landlocked developing countries Small island developing States 2.4 24.9 0.7 1.1 1.3 9.6 3.3 12.4 7.9 13.9 42.4 13.1 0.3 2.4 8.0 13.7 43.0 3.3 3.5 4.8 17.5 5.2 18.5 8.8 21.8 55.1 21.1 0.5 2.7 13.2 28.5 40.2 4.4 7.1 11.3 17.6 5.0 25.4 11.6 30.6 47.6 24.1 0.9 3.6 12.1 Indicator 8.15 Cellular subscribers per 100 population 1995 2000 2007 World Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Caribbean Latin America Eastern Asia Eastern Asia excluding China Southern Asia Southern Asia excluding India South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Oceania Commonwealth of Independent States Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe Developed regions Transition countries of South-Eastern Europe 1.6 0.4 <0.05 0.1 0.8 1.2 0.8 0.5 3.4 <0.05 <0.05 0.7 0.9 0.2 <0.05 <0.05 0.1 7.8 0.1 12.1 5.5 2.8 1.7 12.2 6.6 12.6 9.9 50.2 0.4 0.5 4.3 14.6 2.4 1.8 1.3 2.0 47.8 8.9 50.3 38.6 57.3 22.9 67.0 42.9 68.9 43.8 76.2 23.0 30.6 48.2 71.8 16.2 93.4 42.4 112.5 100.0 94.7 72 09-44389 Annex 1995 2000 2007 Least developed countriesa Landlocked developing countries Small island developing States a <0.05 <0.05 1.5 0.3 1.0 10.5 14.5 18.2 44.4 The 1995 column shows 1996 data. Indicator 8.16 Internet users per 100 population 1995 2000 2007 World Developing regions Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Caribbean Latin America Eastern Asia Eastern Asia excluding China Southern Asia Southern Asia excluding India South-Eastern Asia Western Asia Oceania Commonwealth of Independent States Commonwealth of Independent States, Asiaa Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe Developed regions Transition countries of South-Eastern Europe Least developed countriesb Landlocked developing countries Small island developing States a b a a 0.7 0.1 <0.05 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.9 <0.05 <0.05 0.1 0.1 <0.05 0.1 <0.05 0.1 3.9 0.1 <0.05 <0.05 0.2 6.5 2.1 0.8 0.5 3.9 2.9 4.0 3.6 27.1 0.5 0.3 2.4 3.9 1.9 1.4 0.5 1.7 29.9 3.4 0.1 0.3 5.0 20.6 12.7 14.4 3.7 25.7 18.3 26.3 18.7 53.3 6.9 7.0 11.8 15.7 5.7 17.8 7.8 21.5 63.5 23.4 1.5 3.5 19.1 The 1995 column shows 1996 data. The 1995 column shows 1998 data. 09-44389 73 Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization Sources: United Nations Inter-Agency and Expert Group on Millennium Development Goals Indicators and MDG Indicators Database (http://mdgs.un.org). Notes: Except where indicated, regional groupings are based on United Nations geographical regions, with some modifications necessary to create, to the extent possible, homogeneous groups of countries for analysis and presentation. The regional composition adopted for 2009 reporting on MDG indicators is available at http://mdgs.un.org, under "Data". Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) comprises Belarus, Republic of Moldova, Russian Federation and Ukraine in Europe, and Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan in Asia. Where shown, "Developed regions" comprises Europe (except CIS countries), Australia, Canada, Japan, New Zealand and the United States of America. In the tables, developed regions always include transition countries in Europe. *0944389* 74 09-44389 09-44389 (E) 240809